Coalition formation in Integrated Assessment Models
... stability of the grand coalition, the coalition of all players. The most prominent solution concept is the core. An outcome (a vector specifying the payoffs of all players) is in the core if no coalition can improve their payoff upon what they receive according to that outcome (i.e. what they receiv ...
... stability of the grand coalition, the coalition of all players. The most prominent solution concept is the core. An outcome (a vector specifying the payoffs of all players) is in the core if no coalition can improve their payoff upon what they receive according to that outcome (i.e. what they receiv ...
It is two and a half minutes to midnight
... has been minimal, even when major accidents have occurred. But a single accident can change governmental policy and public attitudes toward nuclear power. That single accident can also affect multiple countries and produce effects that stretch over decades—as the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters ha ...
... has been minimal, even when major accidents have occurred. But a single accident can change governmental policy and public attitudes toward nuclear power. That single accident can also affect multiple countries and produce effects that stretch over decades—as the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters ha ...
PDF
... (UNFCCC, 2009), this participation takes the form of a list of mitigation actions, that is a list of heterogeneous policy measures whose additionality would be difficult or even impossible to assess, and which would be far from cost efficiency. Moreover, in spite of the recent political changes in t ...
... (UNFCCC, 2009), this participation takes the form of a list of mitigation actions, that is a list of heterogeneous policy measures whose additionality would be difficult or even impossible to assess, and which would be far from cost efficiency. Moreover, in spite of the recent political changes in t ...
EXAMINING THE UNINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
... Chairman Smith: The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently released three working group reports on climate science – focused on physical sciences, impacts and adaptation, and mitigation. These documents make up the Fifth Assessment Report. Similarly, the White House ...
... Chairman Smith: The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently released three working group reports on climate science – focused on physical sciences, impacts and adaptation, and mitigation. These documents make up the Fifth Assessment Report. Similarly, the White House ...
Intermodel variability of the poleward shift of the austral jet stream in
... barotropic jets, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, may also play a critical role in regulating global climate on long time scales. The eddy‐driven surface westerlies drive the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and so influence the ocean’s meridional overturning and the uptake of carbon in the so ...
... barotropic jets, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, may also play a critical role in regulating global climate on long time scales. The eddy‐driven surface westerlies drive the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and so influence the ocean’s meridional overturning and the uptake of carbon in the so ...
Evidence for parallel adaptation to climate across the natural range
... (Keller and Seehausen 2012). Although historically local climates have been known to fluctuate across space and time at an ecological scale, human impacts are accelerating climate change and this has already affected the survival and distribution of some organisms (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; Parmesan 2 ...
... (Keller and Seehausen 2012). Although historically local climates have been known to fluctuate across space and time at an ecological scale, human impacts are accelerating climate change and this has already affected the survival and distribution of some organisms (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; Parmesan 2 ...
Third World Network
... threat, as commercial profits for a few are more important on the scale of values and priorities than are the human lives that are at stake due to global warming. Technology transfer to developing countries to enable them to combat climate change should be the far higher priority. Developed countrie ...
... threat, as commercial profits for a few are more important on the scale of values and priorities than are the human lives that are at stake due to global warming. Technology transfer to developing countries to enable them to combat climate change should be the far higher priority. Developed countrie ...
Handbook for Local Elected Officials on Climate Change
... elected officials for guidance, reassurance, and a calm voice of reason in a stressful situation. Mayors and Councillors also influence municipal policy direction at the highest level. They can set supportive policies that enable municipal planners, engineers and sustainability specials to study the ...
... elected officials for guidance, reassurance, and a calm voice of reason in a stressful situation. Mayors and Councillors also influence municipal policy direction at the highest level. They can set supportive policies that enable municipal planners, engineers and sustainability specials to study the ...
Long-Term Policy: Definition, Origin, and Responses by Detlef Sprinz
... proposals by governments to undertake interventions like substantial devaluation of pension entitlements or substantial reductions in net debt by way of welfare cuts are unattractive to most electorates in the short run and thus are expected to lead to the removal of the government of the day. Oppos ...
... proposals by governments to undertake interventions like substantial devaluation of pension entitlements or substantial reductions in net debt by way of welfare cuts are unattractive to most electorates in the short run and thus are expected to lead to the removal of the government of the day. Oppos ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we show more systematically that increases in moisture increase the probability of working in agriculture. For women, a one standard deviation (levels) increase in moisture increases the probability of working in farm activities by about 0.05 from a mean of 0.44 ...
... Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we show more systematically that increases in moisture increase the probability of working in agriculture. For women, a one standard deviation (levels) increase in moisture increases the probability of working in farm activities by about 0.05 from a mean of 0.44 ...
Word - Green Ninja
... Fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, and oil, and are important energy sources. They need to be burned in order to become usable energy for various human needs. However, the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases. Focus: 1. Dr. Burrito said that on a burrito farm, there are three types ...
... Fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, and oil, and are important energy sources. They need to be burned in order to become usable energy for various human needs. However, the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases. Focus: 1. Dr. Burrito said that on a burrito farm, there are three types ...
State of the Jamaican Climate 2012:Information for
... particular place and time — for example whether Kingston today is warm or cool, wet or dry, cloudy or windy — climate refers to the average state of the weather over long periods of time ranging from months or seasons to years and decades. Climate is important because it controls many things even wi ...
... particular place and time — for example whether Kingston today is warm or cool, wet or dry, cloudy or windy — climate refers to the average state of the weather over long periods of time ranging from months or seasons to years and decades. Climate is important because it controls many things even wi ...
Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change
... by increases in interannual variance (Mendelsohn et al., 1996). With simple warming, farmers can plant more suitable crops, plant earlier, engage in double cropping, invest in irrigation, etc. However, if some years are now warmer whereas other years are now cooler, no single crop will be appropriat ...
... by increases in interannual variance (Mendelsohn et al., 1996). With simple warming, farmers can plant more suitable crops, plant earlier, engage in double cropping, invest in irrigation, etc. However, if some years are now warmer whereas other years are now cooler, no single crop will be appropriat ...
Climate Change and State Consent - U
... impact of the behaviours of societies will be quite general. For example sea levels are likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant diff ...
... impact of the behaviours of societies will be quite general. For example sea levels are likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant diff ...
Document
... Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa Jürgen Scheffran 1 , Elina Marmer and Papa Sow Abstract: Human migration has been described as one of the conflict constellations in regions severely affected by climate change, but alternatively can become a resource for climate adaptation and ...
... Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa Jürgen Scheffran 1 , Elina Marmer and Papa Sow Abstract: Human migration has been described as one of the conflict constellations in regions severely affected by climate change, but alternatively can become a resource for climate adaptation and ...
Economic and social benefits of meteorology and
... the situation is quite different. Due to correct decisions weather forecasts often enable the users to make significant savings. For example, the rainfall forecast provided by the national meteorological service in Switzerland (MeteoSwiss) to the decision-making and planning process of farmers in Sw ...
... the situation is quite different. Due to correct decisions weather forecasts often enable the users to make significant savings. For example, the rainfall forecast provided by the national meteorological service in Switzerland (MeteoSwiss) to the decision-making and planning process of farmers in Sw ...
Vulnerability of Southern African Fauna and Flora to
... species are insect pollinated, with more than 300 pollinators that have been identified. Seed dispersal occurs mostly by wind or water. Long-lived perennial species tend to have different seeding strategies from short-lived annuals. In the annuals, there are a number of mechanisms to delay germinati ...
... species are insect pollinated, with more than 300 pollinators that have been identified. Seed dispersal occurs mostly by wind or water. Long-lived perennial species tend to have different seeding strategies from short-lived annuals. In the annuals, there are a number of mechanisms to delay germinati ...
Seychelles
... 6. The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are no ...
... 6. The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are no ...
McDowell N, On how trees die and predictions of global forest mortality
... 1) Source vs sink carbon dynamics is a false dichotomy; growth and mortality process are not that simple. 2) The carbon starvation hypothesis does not challenge nor disagree with sink driven growth. 3) All approaches have error and assumptions. We need many approaches to build reliable prediction ...
... 1) Source vs sink carbon dynamics is a false dichotomy; growth and mortality process are not that simple. 2) The carbon starvation hypothesis does not challenge nor disagree with sink driven growth. 3) All approaches have error and assumptions. We need many approaches to build reliable prediction ...
Discussion Paper - LEDS Global Partnership
... Framework for Building Partnership to Address Climate Change in Africa, which was created at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) organized in Yokohoma, Japan (May 2008). The AAP was launched in 2008 by UNDP, in partnership with UNIDO, UNICEF and WFP, with fund ...
... Framework for Building Partnership to Address Climate Change in Africa, which was created at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) organized in Yokohoma, Japan (May 2008). The AAP was launched in 2008 by UNDP, in partnership with UNIDO, UNICEF and WFP, with fund ...
Greenhouse Gas Pledges by Parties to the Climate Change Jane A. Leggett
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major human-related GHG in the atmosphere,6 even though it constitutes only about 0.04% of the atmosphere. Because CO2 concentrations were roughly stable for thousands of years before the industrial revolution, scientists conclude that natural emissions and natural remova ...
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major human-related GHG in the atmosphere,6 even though it constitutes only about 0.04% of the atmosphere. Because CO2 concentrations were roughly stable for thousands of years before the industrial revolution, scientists conclude that natural emissions and natural remova ...
trees on the move - the National Sea Grant Library
... consists of crops that people plant, we can expect that people will just try to plant them elsewhere or find a better crop for the new climate. With forest vegetation, it’s a different story. Trees can’t migrate very rapidly to the places where climate is favorable! In past ice ages, the changes in ...
... consists of crops that people plant, we can expect that people will just try to plant them elsewhere or find a better crop for the new climate. With forest vegetation, it’s a different story. Trees can’t migrate very rapidly to the places where climate is favorable! In past ice ages, the changes in ...
Autumn, the neglected season in climate change
... autumn events (Figure 1). Long-term observational datasets indicate that leaf senescence is, on average, delayed by increasing temperatures [4,5]. In addition, communityand landscape-level studies show that invasive non-native plants can gain an advantage over native species by extending their growi ...
... autumn events (Figure 1). Long-term observational datasets indicate that leaf senescence is, on average, delayed by increasing temperatures [4,5]. In addition, communityand landscape-level studies show that invasive non-native plants can gain an advantage over native species by extending their growi ...
Rapid biogeographical plankton shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean
... Large-scale biogeographical changes in the biodiversity of a key zooplankton group (calanoid copepods) were detected in the north-eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas over the period 1960–1999. These findings provided key empirical evidence for climate change impacts on mar ...
... Large-scale biogeographical changes in the biodiversity of a key zooplankton group (calanoid copepods) were detected in the north-eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas over the period 1960–1999. These findings provided key empirical evidence for climate change impacts on mar ...