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Galaxies - Mike Brotherton
Galaxies - Mike Brotherton

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... the light curve is not equal  causes: 1 Asymmetry of the common envelope 2 Stellar dark spots model 3 Hot spots model  problems: 1 We don’t know which mechanism is dominant 2 We don’t know the reason(s) which caused the O’connell effect type changes ...
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... capable to remove some of the outer, less gravitationally-bound layers. This wave-driven mass loss happens preferentially in either low mass (yet still massive) stars or lower metallicity more massive stars. Within a few months to a decade prior to CC up to ~1 Msun of material can be expelled. ...
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Stellar kinematics



Stellar kinematics is the study of the movement of stars without needing to understand how they acquired their motion. This differs from stellar dynamics, which takes into account gravitational effects. The motion of a star relative to the Sun can provide useful information about the origin and age of a star, as well as the structure and evolution of the surrounding part of the Milky Way.In astronomy, it is widely accepted that most stars are born within molecular clouds known as stellar nurseries. The stars formed within such a cloud compose open clusters containing dozens to thousands of members. These clusters dissociate over time. Stars that separate themselves from the cluster's core are designated as members of the cluster's stellar association. If the remnant later drifts through the Milky Way as a coherent assemblage, then it is termed a moving group.
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