6.2 Measuring the Planets
... on other planets - Now we have accurate measurements based on interactions with space probes ...
... on other planets - Now we have accurate measurements based on interactions with space probes ...
The depth of maximum shower development and its fluctuations
... connected with particle drift in magnetic fields of our Galaxy and outer space. And since nuclei of different masses behave differently in magnetic field, the CR composition in different points of space will differ. Therefore, it is possible solve the problem of transitional region by measuring CR m ...
... connected with particle drift in magnetic fields of our Galaxy and outer space. And since nuclei of different masses behave differently in magnetic field, the CR composition in different points of space will differ. Therefore, it is possible solve the problem of transitional region by measuring CR m ...
Progress on the 1.6-meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar
... channels for energy and momentum transport. They couple the dynamics of the upper atmosphere to the convectively driven behavior of the magnetic field at the surface of the Sun. Understanding the dynamic interaction of photospheric flux concentrations with turbulent granulation is also essential in ...
... channels for energy and momentum transport. They couple the dynamics of the upper atmosphere to the convectively driven behavior of the magnetic field at the surface of the Sun. Understanding the dynamic interaction of photospheric flux concentrations with turbulent granulation is also essential in ...
The Minor Bodies of the Solar System
... not decide whether to call it an asteroid or a comet and finally selected the former appellation mainly because he thought that in that case observers would be more likely to pay attention to it. Telescopic observations usually reveal the comets as nebulous luminosities which have an exterior fuzzy ...
... not decide whether to call it an asteroid or a comet and finally selected the former appellation mainly because he thought that in that case observers would be more likely to pay attention to it. Telescopic observations usually reveal the comets as nebulous luminosities which have an exterior fuzzy ...
24.3 The Sun - Planet Earth
... of the solar atmosphere, the corona (corona ⫽ crown) is very weak and, as with the chromosphere, is visible only when the brilliant photosphere is covered. This envelope of ionized gases normally extends a million kilometers from the sun and produces a glow about half as bright as the full moon. At ...
... of the solar atmosphere, the corona (corona ⫽ crown) is very weak and, as with the chromosphere, is visible only when the brilliant photosphere is covered. This envelope of ionized gases normally extends a million kilometers from the sun and produces a glow about half as bright as the full moon. At ...
The Earth in space: An essay on the origin of the Solar system
... The present day accepted theories are, hence, the monistic ones, and the one particularly favored is the Dust — cloud hypothesis — that the sun condensed into a star due to the gravitational collapse of a massive interstellar gas-cloud, and subsequently gave birth to planets as further evolution of ...
... The present day accepted theories are, hence, the monistic ones, and the one particularly favored is the Dust — cloud hypothesis — that the sun condensed into a star due to the gravitational collapse of a massive interstellar gas-cloud, and subsequently gave birth to planets as further evolution of ...
Exercise Solutions
... first excited state. The Ca H and K lines are produced by singly-ionized Ca in the ground state. Thus, we must compare the number of neutral hydrogens with electrons in the first excited state to the number of CaC ions in their ground state. In 2.1.1 we estimated that in the solar surface H C =H ' ...
... first excited state. The Ca H and K lines are produced by singly-ionized Ca in the ground state. Thus, we must compare the number of neutral hydrogens with electrons in the first excited state to the number of CaC ions in their ground state. In 2.1.1 we estimated that in the solar surface H C =H ' ...
++ (?) Non-thermal heating
... Extra ionization of neutrals with escape velocity, while these ions cannot escape beyond the magnetized ionopause/magnetopause. Reduction of Jeans escape (of mainly H, He) 2. Higher ionopause location means less neutrals (corona) beyond the ionopause. Reduction of ion pick-up (of mainly H, He) ...
... Extra ionization of neutrals with escape velocity, while these ions cannot escape beyond the magnetized ionopause/magnetopause. Reduction of Jeans escape (of mainly H, He) 2. Higher ionopause location means less neutrals (corona) beyond the ionopause. Reduction of ion pick-up (of mainly H, He) ...
Whence Comets?
... Although that return was somewhat dis- gradually spread among the giant planets, with reflect the original formation scenario (8). The appointing compared with its closer previous some of them ending up in orbits that are visible gas coming out of Tempel 1 (9) showed great heterogeneity, consistent ...
... Although that return was somewhat dis- gradually spread among the giant planets, with reflect the original formation scenario (8). The appointing compared with its closer previous some of them ending up in orbits that are visible gas coming out of Tempel 1 (9) showed great heterogeneity, consistent ...
Cosmic Collisions Educators Guide
... Collisions with bigger objects, like comets and asteroids, are extremely rare, but they do happen. However, unlike the dinosaurs, we know why collisions happen and can see what’s coming. Scientists have been mapping the sky in ever-greater detail to track any possible threat while it’s still many ye ...
... Collisions with bigger objects, like comets and asteroids, are extremely rare, but they do happen. However, unlike the dinosaurs, we know why collisions happen and can see what’s coming. Scientists have been mapping the sky in ever-greater detail to track any possible threat while it’s still many ye ...
Production of Manganese-53 in a Self
... excesses of their daughter isotopes embedded within primitive meteorites found and analyzed via various physical and chemical means over the last 50 years. The challenge is to reconcile the abundances of these short-lived radioactivities, as inferred from meteorites, to those as predicted from ongoi ...
... excesses of their daughter isotopes embedded within primitive meteorites found and analyzed via various physical and chemical means over the last 50 years. The challenge is to reconcile the abundances of these short-lived radioactivities, as inferred from meteorites, to those as predicted from ongoi ...
Solar observing intro - Wayne State University Physics and Astronomy
... 5800K while sunspots are typically 1800K cooler and therefore less luminous. Note that this puts the sunspot temperature at about 4000K, enough to make any metal white hot! This localized drop in surface temperature is due to enhanced magnetic fields in sunspots, up to about 10000 times greater than ...
... 5800K while sunspots are typically 1800K cooler and therefore less luminous. Note that this puts the sunspot temperature at about 4000K, enough to make any metal white hot! This localized drop in surface temperature is due to enhanced magnetic fields in sunspots, up to about 10000 times greater than ...
A straightforward estimation of the maximum sunspot number for
... dipole phase when the solar dipole is weakest, near solar minimum. It has been also shown that the evolution of the poloidal ®eld is in advance by 5 to 6 years on the toroidal ®eld emergence (Simon and Legrand, 1986). These ®ndings led Simon and Legrand (1987) to propose an inverse relation between ...
... dipole phase when the solar dipole is weakest, near solar minimum. It has been also shown that the evolution of the poloidal ®eld is in advance by 5 to 6 years on the toroidal ®eld emergence (Simon and Legrand, 1986). These ®ndings led Simon and Legrand (1987) to propose an inverse relation between ...
Status of the EXL calorimeter
... important is 4P coverage?) • Is CsI the best material? (see Jürgen Gerl’s talk). Do we need cooling? • Will APDs give sufficient dynamic range, or do we need PMTs? • Does EGPA need vacuum? ...
... important is 4P coverage?) • Is CsI the best material? (see Jürgen Gerl’s talk). Do we need cooling? • Will APDs give sufficient dynamic range, or do we need PMTs? • Does EGPA need vacuum? ...
A Closer Earth and the Faint Young Sun Paradox: Modification of the
... for the value of the Hubble parameter at the beginning of the Archean eon. At this point, it must be noticed that eq. (12) differs from eq. (27) at a ≈ 30σ level. Even putting aside such a numerical argument, there are also sound theoretical reasons to discard a cosmological origin for the putative ...
... for the value of the Hubble parameter at the beginning of the Archean eon. At this point, it must be noticed that eq. (12) differs from eq. (27) at a ≈ 30σ level. Even putting aside such a numerical argument, there are also sound theoretical reasons to discard a cosmological origin for the putative ...
Advanced Composition Explorer
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) is a NASA Explorers program Solar and space exploration mission to study matter comprising energetic particles from the solar wind, the interplanetary medium, and other sources. Real-time data from ACE is used by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center to improve forecasts and warnings of solar storms. The ACE robotic spacecraft was launched August 25, 1997 and entered a Lissajous orbit close to the L1 Lagrangian point (which lies between the Sun and the Earth at a distance of some 1.5 million km from the latter) on December 12, 1997. The spacecraft is currently operating at that orbit. Because ACE is in a non-Keplerian orbit, and has regular station-keeping maneuvers, the orbital parameters at right are only approximate. The spacecraft is still in generally good condition in 2015, and is projected to have enough fuel to maintain its orbit until 2024. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center managed the development and integration of the ACE spacecraft.