Neutrinos and their mass
... 60 billions every second across your thumb’s nail (1 square cm) from the Sun ...
... 60 billions every second across your thumb’s nail (1 square cm) from the Sun ...
seismic constraints on interior solar convection
... systematical issue of cross talk, a situation where different velocity components possess similar signatures in the observed time shifts. Questions relating to bounds on the degree of detectability of large-scale convection are also not new (e.g., van Ballegooijen 1986; Swisdak & Zweibel 1999; Hanas ...
... systematical issue of cross talk, a situation where different velocity components possess similar signatures in the observed time shifts. Questions relating to bounds on the degree of detectability of large-scale convection are also not new (e.g., van Ballegooijen 1986; Swisdak & Zweibel 1999; Hanas ...
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
... MgH) • emission lines from chromosphere, corona (far-UV) −→ He, Ne, Ar, but less accurate ...
... MgH) • emission lines from chromosphere, corona (far-UV) −→ He, Ne, Ar, but less accurate ...
Sidereal Time Distribution in Large-Scale of Orbits
... meaning star. A sidereal day is defined as the time required for the earth to travel 360° around its axis[1]. A geostationary satellite therefore must have an orbital period of one sidereal day in order to appear stationary to an observer on earth. The sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth ...
... meaning star. A sidereal day is defined as the time required for the earth to travel 360° around its axis[1]. A geostationary satellite therefore must have an orbital period of one sidereal day in order to appear stationary to an observer on earth. The sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth ...
The JANUS X-Ray Flash Monitor
... the X-Ray Flash Monitor (XRFM) which will detect XRFs and GRBs, thus providing triggers for autonomous slewing of the spacecraft. The second instrument is the Near Infrared Telescope (NIRT), which is a 50 cm aperture IR telescope capable of providing GRB/XRF redshifts and enhanced positions, as well ...
... the X-Ray Flash Monitor (XRFM) which will detect XRFs and GRBs, thus providing triggers for autonomous slewing of the spacecraft. The second instrument is the Near Infrared Telescope (NIRT), which is a 50 cm aperture IR telescope capable of providing GRB/XRF redshifts and enhanced positions, as well ...
Cosmic Extremes
... their charge in the presence of radioactive materials. Thus, in the first decades of the twentieth century, the electroscope became a standard instrument for studying radiation and radioactive materials. However, physicists also found that electroscopes slowly lost their charge under all conditions ...
... their charge in the presence of radioactive materials. Thus, in the first decades of the twentieth century, the electroscope became a standard instrument for studying radiation and radioactive materials. However, physicists also found that electroscopes slowly lost their charge under all conditions ...
On some properties of coronal mass ejections in solar cycle 23
... (2003) have described properties of Narrow CMEs observed with Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs (LASCO) on board SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). whereas Gopalswamy et al. (2003a) have studied the solar cycle variation of different properties of CMEs such as daily CME rate, averag ...
... (2003) have described properties of Narrow CMEs observed with Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs (LASCO) on board SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). whereas Gopalswamy et al. (2003a) have studied the solar cycle variation of different properties of CMEs such as daily CME rate, averag ...
X-ray spectrometer
... with silicon strip detectors: GLAST is a transistor, vs. EGRET – a vacuum tube ...
... with silicon strip detectors: GLAST is a transistor, vs. EGRET – a vacuum tube ...
MS Word - Boston University
... The ISEE-1 satellite has observed butterfly pitch angle distributions (PAD) in protons and electrons from 20 keV to 2 MeV in the low latitude outer magnetosphere, which showed a sharp dropout in the flux of 90-degree pitch angle particles. These distributions were present on the night side near the ...
... The ISEE-1 satellite has observed butterfly pitch angle distributions (PAD) in protons and electrons from 20 keV to 2 MeV in the low latitude outer magnetosphere, which showed a sharp dropout in the flux of 90-degree pitch angle particles. These distributions were present on the night side near the ...
Persistence of the Gleissberg 88-year solar cycle over
... the Gleissberg cycle of mean sunspot numbers. In another work by Sofia et al. [1985] the historical record of the Sun’s diameter obtained from timings of eclipses was subject to harmonic analysis with one period equal to 90 years. The amplitude of that cycle was inferred to be little less than ±0.5 ...
... the Gleissberg cycle of mean sunspot numbers. In another work by Sofia et al. [1985] the historical record of the Sun’s diameter obtained from timings of eclipses was subject to harmonic analysis with one period equal to 90 years. The amplitude of that cycle was inferred to be little less than ±0.5 ...
Solar System Deuterium/Hydrogen Ratio
... Deuterium chemistry in cold interstellar clouds seems well understood. Determinations of the D/H ratios in organic molecules and in water have been reported in molecular “hot cores.” Hot cores are warm (>100 K) and dense (H > 107 cm3) and result — as in the case of Orion-KL — from the formation of y ...
... Deuterium chemistry in cold interstellar clouds seems well understood. Determinations of the D/H ratios in organic molecules and in water have been reported in molecular “hot cores.” Hot cores are warm (>100 K) and dense (H > 107 cm3) and result — as in the case of Orion-KL — from the formation of y ...
Gamma-Ray Line Emission from Radioactive Isotopes in Stars and
... than about 30 M, will have dramatically reduced 44Ti yields and leave massive remnants (M ≥ 10 M,) that become black holes. If, however, the explosion is energetic enough (perhaps overly energetic) more 44Ti is ejected. Rotation may modify this picture significantly by breaking the spherical symmetr ...
... than about 30 M, will have dramatically reduced 44Ti yields and leave massive remnants (M ≥ 10 M,) that become black holes. If, however, the explosion is energetic enough (perhaps overly energetic) more 44Ti is ejected. Rotation may modify this picture significantly by breaking the spherical symmetr ...
Safety criteria for flying E
... eclipse. Solar radiation flux scales as 1/r2 where r is the solar distance. Before eclipse the tether is in thermal equilibrium so the tether’s temperature is such that its emitted infrared is equal to solar heating. Thus, when eclipsing starts, the initial cooling power also scales as 1/r2 and the ...
... eclipse. Solar radiation flux scales as 1/r2 where r is the solar distance. Before eclipse the tether is in thermal equilibrium so the tether’s temperature is such that its emitted infrared is equal to solar heating. Thus, when eclipsing starts, the initial cooling power also scales as 1/r2 and the ...
Gilmore - Astrometry and Astrophysics in the Gaia sky
... GAIA will determine: – when the stars in the Milky Way formed – when and how the Milky Way was assembled – how dark matter in the Milky Way is distributed ...
... GAIA will determine: – when the stars in the Milky Way formed – when and how the Milky Way was assembled – how dark matter in the Milky Way is distributed ...
The Birth Environment of the Solar System
... within molecular clouds, and these clouds have lifetimes measured in only tens of millions of years (or even less — see Hartmann et al. 2001). Within the clouds, the clusters themselves also live for tens of millions of years, or somewhat shorter times. Even the long-lived open clusters dynamically ...
... within molecular clouds, and these clouds have lifetimes measured in only tens of millions of years (or even less — see Hartmann et al. 2001). Within the clouds, the clusters themselves also live for tens of millions of years, or somewhat shorter times. Even the long-lived open clusters dynamically ...
Solar Convection Zone
... Fig. 5 shows two volume renderings of the enstrophy density (vorticity squared, jr uj2 ) in a snapshot from a 253 253 163 simulation of the solar surface layers. The renderings each cover a small depth interval, with the rightmost panel corresponding to about 1 Mm larger depth than the leftmost ...
... Fig. 5 shows two volume renderings of the enstrophy density (vorticity squared, jr uj2 ) in a snapshot from a 253 253 163 simulation of the solar surface layers. The renderings each cover a small depth interval, with the rightmost panel corresponding to about 1 Mm larger depth than the leftmost ...
THE EVOLUTION OF SOLAR FLUX FROM 0.1 nm TO 160μm
... where the scaling parameters α are given in Table 1, but cancel out here, due to the normalization to the modern Sun. It is important to note that Equation (2) is only one part of a competing set of physical process (including strong lines, photospheric models, and a “chromospheric excess”) that wil ...
... where the scaling parameters α are given in Table 1, but cancel out here, due to the normalization to the modern Sun. It is important to note that Equation (2) is only one part of a competing set of physical process (including strong lines, photospheric models, and a “chromospheric excess”) that wil ...
Advanced Composition Explorer
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) is a NASA Explorers program Solar and space exploration mission to study matter comprising energetic particles from the solar wind, the interplanetary medium, and other sources. Real-time data from ACE is used by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center to improve forecasts and warnings of solar storms. The ACE robotic spacecraft was launched August 25, 1997 and entered a Lissajous orbit close to the L1 Lagrangian point (which lies between the Sun and the Earth at a distance of some 1.5 million km from the latter) on December 12, 1997. The spacecraft is currently operating at that orbit. Because ACE is in a non-Keplerian orbit, and has regular station-keeping maneuvers, the orbital parameters at right are only approximate. The spacecraft is still in generally good condition in 2015, and is projected to have enough fuel to maintain its orbit until 2024. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center managed the development and integration of the ACE spacecraft.