Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
... sume the equivalent of over half of our emissions, a feature that might be safely and cost-effectively enhanced or augmented as explored in the first volume. In contrast, albedo modification approaches show some evidence of being effective at temporarily cooling the planet, but at a currently unknow ...
... sume the equivalent of over half of our emissions, a feature that might be safely and cost-effectively enhanced or augmented as explored in the first volume. In contrast, albedo modification approaches show some evidence of being effective at temporarily cooling the planet, but at a currently unknow ...
Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
... Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts; Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; Ocean Studies Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National ...
... Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts; Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; Ocean Studies Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. He has been a leader in the international environmental field for over 40 years. Dr. Moore is a Co-Founder of Greenpeace and served for nine years as President of Greenpeace Canada and seven years as a Director of Greenpeace International. Following his time ...
... at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. He has been a leader in the international environmental field for over 40 years. Dr. Moore is a Co-Founder of Greenpeace and served for nine years as President of Greenpeace Canada and seven years as a Director of Greenpeace International. Following his time ...
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
... in the radiative forcing bar chart of the IPCC (2001) assessment. 2.1 Evidence of aerosol effects on warm clouds from observational data The indirect aerosol effect of changing cloud albedo and cloud lifetime due to anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and their precursors has been evaluated from obs ...
... in the radiative forcing bar chart of the IPCC (2001) assessment. 2.1 Evidence of aerosol effects on warm clouds from observational data The indirect aerosol effect of changing cloud albedo and cloud lifetime due to anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and their precursors has been evaluated from obs ...
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age
... The GCAM reference scenario is a self-consistent pathway of long-term global and regional developments in the energy and agricultural systems, with no specific actions to slow emissions of greenhouse gases (see electronic supplementary material, ESM). Emissions of local air pollutants are simulated ...
... The GCAM reference scenario is a self-consistent pathway of long-term global and regional developments in the energy and agricultural systems, with no specific actions to slow emissions of greenhouse gases (see electronic supplementary material, ESM). Emissions of local air pollutants are simulated ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the
... granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the chart ...
... granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the chart ...
Basic physical mechanisms for monsoon failure in past and future
... of comprehensive climate models (Meehl et al., 2007). Recent projections indicate that the response to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations may differ in sign among major monsoon regions, and reveal large uncertainties about the magnitude of the response (Kripalani et al., 2007a,b; Cherchi ...
... of comprehensive climate models (Meehl et al., 2007). Recent projections indicate that the response to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations may differ in sign among major monsoon regions, and reveal large uncertainties about the magnitude of the response (Kripalani et al., 2007a,b; Cherchi ...
Influence of dynamic vegetation on climate change and terrestrial
... combination of PFTs into MATSIRO vegetation classification with some additional information (leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture, growing degree days (GDD), net primary productivity (NPP); see O’ishi and Abe-Ouchi, 2009, for detail). This translated vegetation distribution does not include exact in ...
... combination of PFTs into MATSIRO vegetation classification with some additional information (leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture, growing degree days (GDD), net primary productivity (NPP); see O’ishi and Abe-Ouchi, 2009, for detail). This translated vegetation distribution does not include exact in ...
Icelandic Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers 2009
... education and research, as well as creative initiative on the part of individuals, companies and social groups, constitute the basis for progress. Creativity is one of the fundamental strengths of the Nordic countries. It is beneficial for democracy that as many people as possible enjoy the opportun ...
... education and research, as well as creative initiative on the part of individuals, companies and social groups, constitute the basis for progress. Creativity is one of the fundamental strengths of the Nordic countries. It is beneficial for democracy that as many people as possible enjoy the opportun ...
The endangered Saimaa ringed seal in a changing climate
... change pose a direct threat to the species. In addition, changes to ecosystems and the environment induced by climate change may have indirect effects to the seals. In the present thesis, the ecology of the critically endangered subspecies (P. h. saimensis) of the ringed seal, which inhabits a fresh ...
... change pose a direct threat to the species. In addition, changes to ecosystems and the environment induced by climate change may have indirect effects to the seals. In the present thesis, the ecology of the critically endangered subspecies (P. h. saimensis) of the ringed seal, which inhabits a fresh ...
Mirrored at GFMC Archive - The Global Fire Monitoring Center
... and productivity. In other regions fire is an important land management tool embedded in the culture of many societies in the developing world (e.g. Africa). Fire is also uncommon and unnatural in many ecosystems (e.g. tropical rain forests), where its current application is causing widespread vegeta ...
... and productivity. In other regions fire is an important land management tool embedded in the culture of many societies in the developing world (e.g. Africa). Fire is also uncommon and unnatural in many ecosystems (e.g. tropical rain forests), where its current application is causing widespread vegeta ...
Climate System Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and
... illustrated in Figure 2. Ozone depletion of more than 80% is shown to occur in October in the lower stratosphere between roughly 60 and 100 hPa, and Figure 2 demonstrates the pronounced vertical structure and seasonality of the observed ozone losses. The losses are confined almost exclusively to the ...
... illustrated in Figure 2. Ozone depletion of more than 80% is shown to occur in October in the lower stratosphere between roughly 60 and 100 hPa, and Figure 2 demonstrates the pronounced vertical structure and seasonality of the observed ozone losses. The losses are confined almost exclusively to the ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... The Second International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism (Davos, Switzerland, October 2007) was a milestone event that brought together a wide variety of stakeholders and delivered a clear commitment for action to respond to the climate change challenge. It underscored the need for the tour ...
... The Second International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism (Davos, Switzerland, October 2007) was a milestone event that brought together a wide variety of stakeholders and delivered a clear commitment for action to respond to the climate change challenge. It underscored the need for the tour ...
Finland`s Fifth National Communication under the
... 5.2.4 Total consumption and production of electricity . . . . . . . . . . . 144 ...
... 5.2.4 Total consumption and production of electricity . . . . . . . . . . . 144 ...
Climate Change and Migratory Species
... Changes in storm frequency, wind speeds and wave conditions ................................86 ...
... Changes in storm frequency, wind speeds and wave conditions ................................86 ...
The New Peckham Experiment
... Peckham, South-East London, the Peckham Experiment put into practice a new science of human ecology built on the insights of its founders, George Scott Williamson and Innes Hope Pearce, who went on to become founding members of the Soil Association. The ‘New Peckham Experiment’ finds its inspiration ...
... Peckham, South-East London, the Peckham Experiment put into practice a new science of human ecology built on the insights of its founders, George Scott Williamson and Innes Hope Pearce, who went on to become founding members of the Soil Association. The ‘New Peckham Experiment’ finds its inspiration ...
English - Inter-Parliamentary Union
... (19) Recalling that, under the Kyoto Protocol, the industrialized country parties individually or jointly undertook to reduce their overall emissions of six greenhouse gases or groups of greenhouse gases to at least 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels by the year 2012, (Switzerland) New preambular paragr ...
... (19) Recalling that, under the Kyoto Protocol, the industrialized country parties individually or jointly undertook to reduce their overall emissions of six greenhouse gases or groups of greenhouse gases to at least 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels by the year 2012, (Switzerland) New preambular paragr ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
... et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010). These climate-induced changes can, sometimes, result in diverse impacts and risks on regional hydrology and water resources (Field et al., 2014). In fact, shifts in runoff patterns have been observed in many regions (Barnett et al., 2005). For example, earlier snowmel ...
... et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010). These climate-induced changes can, sometimes, result in diverse impacts and risks on regional hydrology and water resources (Field et al., 2014). In fact, shifts in runoff patterns have been observed in many regions (Barnett et al., 2005). For example, earlier snowmel ...
Full-Text PDF
... 1946–1975, the rate was 16.1 mm/10a, while during 1975–1999, it was −2.8 mm/10a [17]. In Europe, the precipitation in central and western regions was reduced and the climate became dry in summer. However, in western Russia, the climate became wetter [18]. In Africa, the precipitation in three region ...
... 1946–1975, the rate was 16.1 mm/10a, while during 1975–1999, it was −2.8 mm/10a [17]. In Europe, the precipitation in central and western regions was reduced and the climate became dry in summer. However, in western Russia, the climate became wetter [18]. In Africa, the precipitation in three region ...
Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
... and WCRP must learn to flexibly respond, either by evolving into a more relevant form by broadening it s scientific base, or by focusing on current streng ths and being ready to collaborate with others on new programmes. The world has changed, and, to be successful, WCRP must adapt accordingly. This ...
... and WCRP must learn to flexibly respond, either by evolving into a more relevant form by broadening it s scientific base, or by focusing on current streng ths and being ready to collaborate with others on new programmes. The world has changed, and, to be successful, WCRP must adapt accordingly. This ...
Response and potential of agroforestry crops under global change
... day. Usually the simulation of one factor at a time or two–three factors combined is done. An exception is the Jasper Ridge Experiment where four factors (CO2, temperature, water, nutrients) were varied in a full factorial design (Shaw et al., 2002) on a grassland community. Single-factor responses ...
... day. Usually the simulation of one factor at a time or two–three factors combined is done. An exception is the Jasper Ridge Experiment where four factors (CO2, temperature, water, nutrients) were varied in a full factorial design (Shaw et al., 2002) on a grassland community. Single-factor responses ...
Manteca Draft Climate Action Plan
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
... included in the inventory. For trips that begin in the City but end in a different jurisdiction, half the emissions are included in the inventory. Conversely, for trips that begin outside the City but end within the City, half the emissions are included in the inventory. The inventories include esti ...
Mid-Holocene monsoons - Macquarie University ResearchOnline
... from South America and Australia also document changes in the southern hemisphere monsoons on glacial-interglacial timescales. The South American monsoon was weaker than today during the mid-Holocene (Behling 1995; Haug et al. 2001; Cruz et al. 2005; Carré et al. in press). The Australian monsoon w ...
... from South America and Australia also document changes in the southern hemisphere monsoons on glacial-interglacial timescales. The South American monsoon was weaker than today during the mid-Holocene (Behling 1995; Haug et al. 2001; Cruz et al. 2005; Carré et al. in press). The Australian monsoon w ...
Belize National Sustainable Development Report
... of 85° and a mean low of 73°. On average, 12 cold fronts cross the country each year lowering temperatures into the 40s. Belize’s climate is influenced by three large global/ regional climatic systems inclusive of the Atlantic Ocean Climatic System, the Pacific Ocean Climatic system and also periodi ...
... of 85° and a mean low of 73°. On average, 12 cold fronts cross the country each year lowering temperatures into the 40s. Belize’s climate is influenced by three large global/ regional climatic systems inclusive of the Atlantic Ocean Climatic System, the Pacific Ocean Climatic system and also periodi ...
Effects of global warming on humans
Climate change has brought about possibly permanent alterations to our planet’s geological, biological and ecological systems. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) contended in 2003 that “there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities”. These changes have led to the emergence of large-scale environmental hazards to human health, such as extreme weather, ozone depletion, increased danger of wildland fires, loss of biodiversity, stresses to food-producing systems and the global spread of infectious diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 160,000 deaths, since 1950, are directly attributable to climate change. Many believe this to be a conservative estimate.To date, a neglected aspect of the climate change debate, much less research has been conducted on the impacts of climate change on health, food supply, economic growth, migration, security, societal change, and public goods, such as drinking water, than on the geophysical changes related to global warming. Human impacts can be both negative and positive. Climatic changes in Siberia, for instance, are expected to improve food production and local economic activity, at least in the short to medium term. Numerous studies suggest, however, that the current and future impacts of climate change on human society are and will continue to be overwhelmingly negative.The majority of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced by poor and low-income communities around the world, who have much higher levels of vulnerability to environmental determinants of health, wealth and other factors, and much lower levels of capacity available for coping with environmental change. A report on the global human impact of climate change published by the Global Humanitarian Forum in 2009, estimated more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, and indicating that most climate change induced mortality is due to worsening floods and droughts in developing countries. This also raises questions of climate justice, since the 50 least developed countries of the world account for not more than 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.