introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
... and James 1972, Jane and Pracy 1974, Smale et al. 1995). New Zealand’s native megaherbivores, moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes), became extinct through human hunting probably around or before AD 1400 (Hol- ...
... and James 1972, Jane and Pracy 1974, Smale et al. 1995). New Zealand’s native megaherbivores, moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes), became extinct through human hunting probably around or before AD 1400 (Hol- ...
Integrative and Comparative Biology
... population) has been a useful threshold indicator of a species’ or a population’s sensitivity (Landis and Yu 2003), determining whether physiological thresholds exist in relation to different anthropogenic disturbances could allow managers to better limit activities (e.g., construction, noise, use b ...
... population) has been a useful threshold indicator of a species’ or a population’s sensitivity (Landis and Yu 2003), determining whether physiological thresholds exist in relation to different anthropogenic disturbances could allow managers to better limit activities (e.g., construction, noise, use b ...
Structure and Function of Chihuahuan Desert
... Structure and Function of Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem 3 The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site Edited by: Kris Havstad, Laura F. Huenneke, William H. Schlesinger Chapter 12. Whitford, W.G., Bestelmeyer, B.T. 2006 habitats, and Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) is most abundant in t ...
... Structure and Function of Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem 3 The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site Edited by: Kris Havstad, Laura F. Huenneke, William H. Schlesinger Chapter 12. Whitford, W.G., Bestelmeyer, B.T. 2006 habitats, and Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) is most abundant in t ...
Hippo Conservation and the World Conservation Union
... found in small numbers in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Pygmy hippos rely on different vegetation for food than common hippos. They prefer to eat roots and shoots rather than grasses. As they move through the dense forest, they create maze-like tunnels through the underbrush. These tunnels ...
... found in small numbers in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Pygmy hippos rely on different vegetation for food than common hippos. They prefer to eat roots and shoots rather than grasses. As they move through the dense forest, they create maze-like tunnels through the underbrush. These tunnels ...
Nature Conservation Service: Biodiversity Conservation Appraisal
... other investors to assume that biodiversity benefits will naturally follow if funds, and other inputs, are directed at a general range of issues (pressures or threats usually). Due to a lack of specific scientific understanding, activities can be largely based on first principles of conservation sci ...
... other investors to assume that biodiversity benefits will naturally follow if funds, and other inputs, are directed at a general range of issues (pressures or threats usually). Due to a lack of specific scientific understanding, activities can be largely based on first principles of conservation sci ...
Using seed recovery methods to determine causes of failed
... are often observed. This could be because seeds are exposed to dangers from microbial and fungal attack, as well as predation from granivores after planting. Our experiment aimed to determine the post-dispersal seed fates of four native prairie species after they had been planted in the soil and cov ...
... are often observed. This could be because seeds are exposed to dangers from microbial and fungal attack, as well as predation from granivores after planting. Our experiment aimed to determine the post-dispersal seed fates of four native prairie species after they had been planted in the soil and cov ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment Comment
... Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. Changes in competition /predation etc, e.g. trophic XXX (illegible) All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be po ...
... Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. Changes in competition /predation etc, e.g. trophic XXX (illegible) All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be po ...
Biodiversity Conservation, Ecosystem Functioning, and Economic
... of tropical rainforests and biodiversity and may increase the public’s awareness that indigenous land-use systems can be useful for sustainable development (Donald 2004; Schroth et al. 2004). Cocoa production in southern Cameroon, where much pristine forest remains, is likely to contribute to defore ...
... of tropical rainforests and biodiversity and may increase the public’s awareness that indigenous land-use systems can be useful for sustainable development (Donald 2004; Schroth et al. 2004). Cocoa production in southern Cameroon, where much pristine forest remains, is likely to contribute to defore ...
PART 1 - Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development
... “The ideal of a bush capital, as the firestorm taught us at great cost, means being responsible for how we live in the landscape. The ideal of remaining a prosperous city means accepting responsibility for our own use of social and environmental resources.” To this end, it is proposed that CUPP revi ...
... “The ideal of a bush capital, as the firestorm taught us at great cost, means being responsible for how we live in the landscape. The ideal of remaining a prosperous city means accepting responsibility for our own use of social and environmental resources.” To this end, it is proposed that CUPP revi ...
The contributions of livestock species and breeds to
... When grasslands are lightly grazed, biodiversity tends to benefit, compared with intensive grazing or no grazing at all. Under careful management, livestock increase the diversity of habitats in the landscape (mosaic landscapes and mini-habitats). By altering the vegetation, they often maintain vita ...
... When grasslands are lightly grazed, biodiversity tends to benefit, compared with intensive grazing or no grazing at all. Under careful management, livestock increase the diversity of habitats in the landscape (mosaic landscapes and mini-habitats). By altering the vegetation, they often maintain vita ...
managing native grassland
... Tablelands. This vegetation remains largely because it has not been replaced with sown pastures or crops, nor inadvertently modified by continuous or heavy grazing, soil fertility change or introduction of exotic pasture plants. In recent years these grasslands have become the envy of many people in ...
... Tablelands. This vegetation remains largely because it has not been replaced with sown pastures or crops, nor inadvertently modified by continuous or heavy grazing, soil fertility change or introduction of exotic pasture plants. In recent years these grasslands have become the envy of many people in ...
Herbivores, the Functional Diversity of Plants
... specific application of dung or urine can in fact increase productivity or nutrient availability. While some have found that fecal material from some consumers decomposes more quickly than that of plant material or soil organic matter (Reuss and McNaughton 1987, Reuss et al. 1988, Day and Detling 19 ...
... specific application of dung or urine can in fact increase productivity or nutrient availability. While some have found that fecal material from some consumers decomposes more quickly than that of plant material or soil organic matter (Reuss and McNaughton 1987, Reuss et al. 1988, Day and Detling 19 ...
Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss
... in the traditional European landscape, with a widely recognized strong cultural and natural value. Heathlands add substantially to many ecosystem services, such as food and water supply, carbon sequestration, recreation, hunting, landscape and biodiversity conservation (Webb, 1998; Alonso et al., 20 ...
... in the traditional European landscape, with a widely recognized strong cultural and natural value. Heathlands add substantially to many ecosystem services, such as food and water supply, carbon sequestration, recreation, hunting, landscape and biodiversity conservation (Webb, 1998; Alonso et al., 20 ...
Considerations for Identification of Effective Area
... under CBD Target 11; that is a marine area receiving effective area-based conservation. The development of the definitions of what constitutes a protected area has taken place elsewhere and we provide a background of that literature, highlighting those definitions that are currently being used both ...
... under CBD Target 11; that is a marine area receiving effective area-based conservation. The development of the definitions of what constitutes a protected area has taken place elsewhere and we provide a background of that literature, highlighting those definitions that are currently being used both ...
Stable Isotope Ecology in the OmoTurkana Basin
... competition has elements of both atmospheric chemistry and temperature. Over the long history of geological time, carbon dioxide levels have been low enough to favor C4 photosynthesis for a relatively short period of time: the last 20 to 30 million years. But today, carbon dioxide is effectively con ...
... competition has elements of both atmospheric chemistry and temperature. Over the long history of geological time, carbon dioxide levels have been low enough to favor C4 photosynthesis for a relatively short period of time: the last 20 to 30 million years. But today, carbon dioxide is effectively con ...
Annotated Bibliography on Ecological Intensification
... has witnessed striking increases in global food production through intensive use of inputs, such practices may deplete natural resources and impair the ability of agroecosystems to sustain production into the future. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011a) a ...
... has witnessed striking increases in global food production through intensive use of inputs, such practices may deplete natural resources and impair the ability of agroecosystems to sustain production into the future. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011a) a ...
Microbial mobilization and immobilization of soil nitrogen
... represent a significant process for N acquisition. However, the high pKa of NH3 (9.25) means that NH4+ is the predominant form in forest soils, which typically have a pH in the range from 4-7, and diffusion of NH3 followed by intracellular trapping would be a highly inefficient way to acquire N. Fur ...
... represent a significant process for N acquisition. However, the high pKa of NH3 (9.25) means that NH4+ is the predominant form in forest soils, which typically have a pH in the range from 4-7, and diffusion of NH3 followed by intracellular trapping would be a highly inefficient way to acquire N. Fur ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... belowground, I found that old-field plant species, even coexisting congeneric species, culture significantly different soil microbial communities, which altered plant performance, changed the intensity of interspecific competition and reversed whether plant species were limited by conspecifics or he ...
... belowground, I found that old-field plant species, even coexisting congeneric species, culture significantly different soil microbial communities, which altered plant performance, changed the intensity of interspecific competition and reversed whether plant species were limited by conspecifics or he ...
Chapter 7
... The study was conducted in Degua-Temben district, situated in the highlands of northern Ethiopia (Figure 7.1). It is an area with an agricultural history of over 2000 years (McCann, 1995), characterized by high soil erosion rates (Hurni, 1993; Desta Gebremichael et al., 2005; Nyssen et al., 2007). T ...
... The study was conducted in Degua-Temben district, situated in the highlands of northern Ethiopia (Figure 7.1). It is an area with an agricultural history of over 2000 years (McCann, 1995), characterized by high soil erosion rates (Hurni, 1993; Desta Gebremichael et al., 2005; Nyssen et al., 2007). T ...
The impact of a ban on snaring on Scottish agriculture
... between 2000 and 2007, and the total number of sheep by 18% over the same period. In 2007 there were two million fewer sheep and lambs than ten years previously. Numbers of dairy cattle, which declined significantly during the late 1990s, have currently stabilised at around 5% below their 2000 level ...
... between 2000 and 2007, and the total number of sheep by 18% over the same period. In 2007 there were two million fewer sheep and lambs than ten years previously. Numbers of dairy cattle, which declined significantly during the late 1990s, have currently stabilised at around 5% below their 2000 level ...
Document
... mammals which are uncommon in arable land. • Willow SRC provides a breeding site for several small mammal species • The effect of willow SRC on ecosystem process are significant and complex. ...
... mammals which are uncommon in arable land. • Willow SRC provides a breeding site for several small mammal species • The effect of willow SRC on ecosystem process are significant and complex. ...
Food Web Responses to Augmenting
... groves in 1967 and became a highly destructive citrus pest when the halogenated hydrocarbon soil insecticides were deregistered in the 1970s. Adult weevils feed and oviposit on expanding leaves of citrus and other plants. The neonate larvae fall to the soil, where they complete development during se ...
... groves in 1967 and became a highly destructive citrus pest when the halogenated hydrocarbon soil insecticides were deregistered in the 1970s. Adult weevils feed and oviposit on expanding leaves of citrus and other plants. The neonate larvae fall to the soil, where they complete development during se ...
PCP 506: WEED SCIENCE AND WEED CONTROL
... Weed prevention: This refers to the exclusion of a particular weed problem from the system that has not experienced that weed problem. It involves those measures necessary to prevent the introduction of new weed species into a given geographical area as well as the multiplication and spread of exist ...
... Weed prevention: This refers to the exclusion of a particular weed problem from the system that has not experienced that weed problem. It involves those measures necessary to prevent the introduction of new weed species into a given geographical area as well as the multiplication and spread of exist ...
Spillover of functionally important organisms between managed and
... Field margins, hedgerows, and other natural areas adjacent to managed fields are examples of habitats which host a large variety of pests (Burgess, 1981; Gravesen and Toft, 1987). Herbivores which move from natural areas to agricultural fields and feed on weed species could be considered beneficial (Ha ...
... Field margins, hedgerows, and other natural areas adjacent to managed fields are examples of habitats which host a large variety of pests (Burgess, 1981; Gravesen and Toft, 1987). Herbivores which move from natural areas to agricultural fields and feed on weed species could be considered beneficial (Ha ...
Understanding Nutrients: Phosphorus Cycle
... Eutrophication occurs where the water contains high levels of nutrients and aquatic plant life (including algae) and low levels of oxygen. It is not a healthy situation, especially in an area where people make a living from the water. The growth of algae in fresh water is actually limited by the abs ...
... Eutrophication occurs where the water contains high levels of nutrients and aquatic plant life (including algae) and low levels of oxygen. It is not a healthy situation, especially in an area where people make a living from the water. The growth of algae in fresh water is actually limited by the abs ...