Determining How Varying Severity of Forest Fragmentation Effect
... increases the environment becomes more suitable and stable for wildlife (Murcia, 1995). There are three types of edge effects produced on the fragment; abiotic effects, direct biological effects, and indirect biological effects. Abiotic effects are changes in a habitat that result from being close t ...
... increases the environment becomes more suitable and stable for wildlife (Murcia, 1995). There are three types of edge effects produced on the fragment; abiotic effects, direct biological effects, and indirect biological effects. Abiotic effects are changes in a habitat that result from being close t ...
Missouri Forest Management Guidelines Unit 1
... on historical glades where fire has been excluded. Sugar maple is frequently found in high numbers within the hilly landscape that abuts the state’s largest rivers. A large number of other species that are more typically associated with other parts of the country are also native to the state. These ...
... on historical glades where fire has been excluded. Sugar maple is frequently found in high numbers within the hilly landscape that abuts the state’s largest rivers. A large number of other species that are more typically associated with other parts of the country are also native to the state. These ...
4 . crop production
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
Experiments with the wild at the Oostvaardersplassen
... Some of the most striking differences between rewilding at OVP and the conservation practices prevalent across much of North-West Europe, relate to how site managers deal with surprises. The dominant, equilibrium model of European conservation imagines landscapes tending towards a closed canopy fore ...
... Some of the most striking differences between rewilding at OVP and the conservation practices prevalent across much of North-West Europe, relate to how site managers deal with surprises. The dominant, equilibrium model of European conservation imagines landscapes tending towards a closed canopy fore ...
Conservation of Deep Pelagic Biodiversity
... sea, on average some 4000 m below the surface (Fig. 1). Within this vast midwater habitat are the planet’s largest animal communities, composed of creatures adapted to a fluid, three-dimensional world without solid boundaries. These animals probably outnumber all others on Earth, but they are so lit ...
... sea, on average some 4000 m below the surface (Fig. 1). Within this vast midwater habitat are the planet’s largest animal communities, composed of creatures adapted to a fluid, three-dimensional world without solid boundaries. These animals probably outnumber all others on Earth, but they are so lit ...
Disturbance, Diversity, and Invasion: Implications for
... diversity (alpha diversity), but disturbance is also important for creating or maintaining diversity b e t w e e n patches or at the landscape level (beta diversity). By creating p a t c h e s of different ages and successional stages, disturbance affects structural and habitat diversity as well as ...
... diversity (alpha diversity), but disturbance is also important for creating or maintaining diversity b e t w e e n patches or at the landscape level (beta diversity). By creating p a t c h e s of different ages and successional stages, disturbance affects structural and habitat diversity as well as ...
a framework of values: reasons for conserving biodiversity and
... arguments for justifying the necessity of this ontological gestalt. However, there seems to be few arguments, and they are not very convincing. The most important argument probably derives from certain interpretations of Routley/Sylvan's famous thought experiment14. Imagine observing a human being w ...
... arguments for justifying the necessity of this ontological gestalt. However, there seems to be few arguments, and they are not very convincing. The most important argument probably derives from certain interpretations of Routley/Sylvan's famous thought experiment14. Imagine observing a human being w ...
8 Conflicts over biodiversity
... productive lagoons have become clogged with silt derived from the inland erosion of soil, mangroves have been stripped for firewood and estuaries affected by industrial and agricultural pollutants. In addition to the destruction of these habitats, wildlife faces further pressures from the over-explo ...
... productive lagoons have become clogged with silt derived from the inland erosion of soil, mangroves have been stripped for firewood and estuaries affected by industrial and agricultural pollutants. In addition to the destruction of these habitats, wildlife faces further pressures from the over-explo ...
Post-Tour Classroom Activities
... There area in which a plant or animal normally lives. This definition also implies the importance of habitats because, unlike people, most plants and animals are specialized with adaptations for acquiring food, water, shelter and space in particular places. When habitat is lost, many of the plants a ...
... There area in which a plant or animal normally lives. This definition also implies the importance of habitats because, unlike people, most plants and animals are specialized with adaptations for acquiring food, water, shelter and space in particular places. When habitat is lost, many of the plants a ...
Above and below ground impacts of terrestrial mammals
... mites, nematodes, and, more recently, spiders (Lawrence and Wise 2000, Moran and Alison 2002, Miyashita and Niwa 2006). Ecosystem influences of higher trophic levels, however, are often disproportionate to their biomass (Turner 1992) and roles of vertebrate predators should be considered if we are ...
... mites, nematodes, and, more recently, spiders (Lawrence and Wise 2000, Moran and Alison 2002, Miyashita and Niwa 2006). Ecosystem influences of higher trophic levels, however, are often disproportionate to their biomass (Turner 1992) and roles of vertebrate predators should be considered if we are ...
1 - SANParks
... islands are not “sub-divided” by development or transformation. The maintenance of fire as a diverse process will depend on islands remaining as contiguous as possible to allow the natural spread of fires, and it will also depend on the areas being large enough to allow fire patterns to develop. Res ...
... islands are not “sub-divided” by development or transformation. The maintenance of fire as a diverse process will depend on islands remaining as contiguous as possible to allow the natural spread of fires, and it will also depend on the areas being large enough to allow fire patterns to develop. Res ...
Below-ground resources limit seedling growth in forest understories
... Neither fertilization nor trenching experiments have provided a clear understanding of how nutrients, and water interact ...
... Neither fertilization nor trenching experiments have provided a clear understanding of how nutrients, and water interact ...
Biological diversity, ecosystem stability and economic
... world where the material or energetic throughput of the global economy were small relative to the overall scale o f the w o r l d ' s biogeochemical cycles. But the global economy is now large relative to these cycles (see Vitousek et al., 1986; Holdren, 1991) and this forces us to consider how curr ...
... world where the material or energetic throughput of the global economy were small relative to the overall scale o f the w o r l d ' s biogeochemical cycles. But the global economy is now large relative to these cycles (see Vitousek et al., 1986; Holdren, 1991) and this forces us to consider how curr ...
Interactions among grasses, shrubs, and
... forming a patch with high plant cover. This patch type is dispersed in a low-cover matrix formed by scattered tussocks (Soriano et al. 1994). These two patch types form a two-phase mosaic structure. A global review of plant communities in different continents support the hypothesis that this type of ...
... forming a patch with high plant cover. This patch type is dispersed in a low-cover matrix formed by scattered tussocks (Soriano et al. 1994). These two patch types form a two-phase mosaic structure. A global review of plant communities in different continents support the hypothesis that this type of ...
A New Model for Global Conservation
... could target funding with unprecedented accuracy and achieve unprecedented results. They were later joined by three other donors with a shared commitment to engaging civil society in biodiversity conservation. This report sets out to define how these donors brought to bear global funds and expertise ...
... could target funding with unprecedented accuracy and achieve unprecedented results. They were later joined by three other donors with a shared commitment to engaging civil society in biodiversity conservation. This report sets out to define how these donors brought to bear global funds and expertise ...
Ch_15_Reforestation_MASTER
... Species conversion is changing the species composition of a forest from one forest cover type to another. Restoration is the process of reintroducing and maintaining native flora on a given site. Figure 15-1: Artificial regeneration methods include machine planting which is quite appropriate when ol ...
... Species conversion is changing the species composition of a forest from one forest cover type to another. Restoration is the process of reintroducing and maintaining native flora on a given site. Figure 15-1: Artificial regeneration methods include machine planting which is quite appropriate when ol ...
Land-use history - India Environment Portal
... closed canopy secondary forests (Frost 1998; White 2004). Over the last several decades, large tracts of agricultural land have been abandoned, allowing longleaf pine woodlands to regenerate and prescribed fire has been reintroduced to many managed areas (Jose, Jokela & Miller 2005). However, the le ...
... closed canopy secondary forests (Frost 1998; White 2004). Over the last several decades, large tracts of agricultural land have been abandoned, allowing longleaf pine woodlands to regenerate and prescribed fire has been reintroduced to many managed areas (Jose, Jokela & Miller 2005). However, the le ...
Ecological Focus Area choices and their potential impacts on
... and managed extensively with no fertiliser and pesticide use. However, nitrogen-fixing crop EFAs probably rarely produce such biodiversity benefits because: a) the rules governing EFA implementation do not require extensive management; b) grain legume crops tend to be cultivated fairly intensively, ...
... and managed extensively with no fertiliser and pesticide use. However, nitrogen-fixing crop EFAs probably rarely produce such biodiversity benefits because: a) the rules governing EFA implementation do not require extensive management; b) grain legume crops tend to be cultivated fairly intensively, ...
plant traits that influence ecosystem processes vary independently
... Abstract. Most predictions of plant species effects on ecosystems are based on single traits (e.g., litter chemistry) or suites of related traits (functional groups). However, recent studies demonstrate that predictions of species effects on ecosystems are improved by considering multiple traits. In ...
... Abstract. Most predictions of plant species effects on ecosystems are based on single traits (e.g., litter chemistry) or suites of related traits (functional groups). However, recent studies demonstrate that predictions of species effects on ecosystems are improved by considering multiple traits. In ...
CV - Northern Arizona University
... Assessment of the relationships between seed dispersal and fitness across functional gradients of vegetation. Evaluation of Sonoran Desert plant recruitment patterns across gradients of competition, stress, and disturbance. Quantitative modeling of biodiversity patterns on global islands. Develo ...
... Assessment of the relationships between seed dispersal and fitness across functional gradients of vegetation. Evaluation of Sonoran Desert plant recruitment patterns across gradients of competition, stress, and disturbance. Quantitative modeling of biodiversity patterns on global islands. Develo ...
Document
... • Clumping canopy leaves, angled relative to sun, allows light to leaves lower down in canopy. Most GPP at top. • Canopy roughness allows CO2 to mix with free troposphere, reducing diffusional limitation. • When water is sufficient, moderate wind has a positive effect on Ps ...
... • Clumping canopy leaves, angled relative to sun, allows light to leaves lower down in canopy. Most GPP at top. • Canopy roughness allows CO2 to mix with free troposphere, reducing diffusional limitation. • When water is sufficient, moderate wind has a positive effect on Ps ...
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE SCALE OF RESERVES FOR
... It is the multitude of valued attributes of ecosystems that make coarse-filter conservation difficult. There is no a priori basis upon which to prioritize one set of attributes over another. For example, do we value endangered habitats more or less than diverse areas? Is function more or less import ...
... It is the multitude of valued attributes of ecosystems that make coarse-filter conservation difficult. There is no a priori basis upon which to prioritize one set of attributes over another. For example, do we value endangered habitats more or less than diverse areas? Is function more or less import ...
AG. 518 BOTANY\RANGE SCIENCE
... Describe the role of the federal government in conservation Explain why Americans have had such wasteful practices in using our natural resources in the past Discuss what would have happened to our fish and game animal populations if sport hunters and fisherman had not fought market hunters Indicate ...
... Describe the role of the federal government in conservation Explain why Americans have had such wasteful practices in using our natural resources in the past Discuss what would have happened to our fish and game animal populations if sport hunters and fisherman had not fought market hunters Indicate ...
Soil phosphorus heterogeneity promotes tree species diversity and
... trees in plots with low soil phosphorus heterogeneity were phylogenetically overdispersed, while the phylogenetic structure of trees within the plots became clustered as heterogeneity increased. Neither nitrogen availability nor its heterogeneity was correlated to tree species diversity or the phylo ...
... trees in plots with low soil phosphorus heterogeneity were phylogenetically overdispersed, while the phylogenetic structure of trees within the plots became clustered as heterogeneity increased. Neither nitrogen availability nor its heterogeneity was correlated to tree species diversity or the phylo ...