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Spots on Ap Stars
Spots on Ap Stars

... • Electrons accelerate down the magnetic field lines toward the lower atmosphere, producing microwave emission • Electrons collide with ions, producing hard x-rays, white light emission from chromosphere • Chromospheric plasma heated to coronal temperatures, hot plasma flows up into the corona • Sho ...
Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics
Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics

Constellations & Stars - Toms River Regional Schools :: Home
Constellations & Stars - Toms River Regional Schools :: Home

... attracts nearby gases so a ball forms. • Nuclear fusion occurs & Helium is formed from Hydrogen • A new star is born in our galaxy every 18 days ...
Formation of the Solar System
Formation of the Solar System

The Cosmic Perspective Formation of the Solar System
The Cosmic Perspective Formation of the Solar System

... opposite direction of Jupiter's rotation? a)  They are captured planetesimals that encountered Jupiter in such a way that they ended up orbiting backward. b)  When moons form in a circumplanetary nebula they have roughly equal probability of orbiting forward and backward. c)  Jupiter's strong tidal ...
Neutron Stars
Neutron Stars

... The energy source for the repeated gamma-ray bursts (SGRs) from some neutron stars is what? A: fusion of hydrogen on the surface B: energy released by material accreting onto the surface. C: the result of reconfigurations of the strong magnetic fields ...
Big Bang and Synthesis of Elements
Big Bang and Synthesis of Elements

... Still, no more of complex matter could form at these temperatures. Although lighter particles, called leptons, also existed, they were prohibited from reacting with the hadrons to form more complex states of matter. These leptons, which include electrons, neutrinos and photons, would soon be able to ...
H-alpha and our Sun
H-alpha and our Sun

... According to our current ideas about the Universe Hydrogen is the most abundant element - about 75% of the visible matter. That is why its spectrum is the one which is best studied and most interesting to the scientists. Its Hα line is considered to be the most widespread and most important spectral ...
Look! Up in the Sky!
Look! Up in the Sky!

... attracts clumps of material together from a really huge cloud of dust and gas. Like our solar system, most all the stars in a galaxy rotate and revolve in the same direction that is related to the way the huge cloud was originally rotating. (More about these last two sentences in later sections). Ou ...
–1– 1. Stellar Evolution For Massive Stars 1.1. The Importance of
–1– 1. Stellar Evolution For Massive Stars 1.1. The Importance of

Cygnus X3 - IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Cygnus X3 - IceCube Neutrino Observatory

... with photon emission. We fit for the best mean and sigma of a Gaussian in time to find the strongest flare from a given source location. Here background events are in blue, with 5 injected signal events in red. The height of the line corresponds to S/B ratio of the event in the time-integrated analy ...
GAIA A Stereoscopic Census of our Galaxy
GAIA A Stereoscopic Census of our Galaxy

... • Physical properties, for example: – clean Hertzsprung-Russell sequences throughout the Galaxy – solar neighbourhood mass function and luminosity function e.g. white dwarfs (~200,000) and brown dwarfs (~50,000) – initial mass and luminosity functions in star forming regions – luminosity function fo ...
The light curves for a nova look like the following.
The light curves for a nova look like the following.

... In about a month Iron-59 radioactively decays into cobalt-59. Cobalt-59 captures a neutron to form Cobalt-60 and decays to nickel-60 and so on. ...
Astronomy 82 - Problem Set #1
Astronomy 82 - Problem Set #1

The Sun and Stars
The Sun and Stars

... enough to start nuclear fusion. This is the nuclear reaction in which hydrogen atoms are converted into helium atoms and energy is released. Figure 16.12 shows a portion of the Eagle Nebula, the birthplace of many stars. Main sequence Once nuclear fusion begins, a star is in the main sequence stage ...
08_Review_Clickers
08_Review_Clickers

... close to the Sun because a) The Sun's gravity attracted the denser particles (rocks and metals) closer to it. b) The Sun was unable to hold onto the lighter (gaseous) particles and they moved farther away where they formed the outer planets. c) Rocks and metals condensed at the relatively high tempe ...
The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation
The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation

... longest, there are: gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, and radio waves. Figure 6 shows the various regions of the spectrum and their approximate wavelength ranges. The visible region occupies only a small portion of the entire spectrum. As Figure 5 shows, t ...
The Sun, from Core to Corona and Solar Wind
The Sun, from Core to Corona and Solar Wind

The Cosmic Perspective Formation of the Solar System
The Cosmic Perspective Formation of the Solar System

22 Lecture 22: Degeneracy of Matter
22 Lecture 22: Degeneracy of Matter

Primordial Open-System Thermodynamics and the Origin of a
Primordial Open-System Thermodynamics and the Origin of a

... The released energy by short lived particle decays [21] becomes substrate of subsequent reactions. A second band, Figure 1, results from a latter drop of temperature allowing particles in which electroweak interaction became manifest and the deconfined energy supports the creation of new particles. ...
Chapter 8: Formation of the solar system 8.1 The Search for Origins
Chapter 8: Formation of the solar system 8.1 The Search for Origins

... Radiometric dating tells us how long it has been since a rock solidified, which is not the same as the age of a planet as a whole The oldest Earth rocks are about 4 billion years old, but even these are not as old as earth itself because earth’s entire surface has been reshaped through time Moon’s r ...
Stellar Evolution of low and intermediate mass stars
Stellar Evolution of low and intermediate mass stars

... structure Equation of state Conservation of energy ...
0.1 Chapter 2
0.1 Chapter 2

comet2
comet2

... comet Ikeya-Seki broke into three pieces, but they had a combined tail which was very bright. From Japan the comet's perihelion was at local noon and it was visible in the daytime. Comet Lovejoy More recently Australian amateur astronomer Terry Lovejoy discovered a sungrazer which reached perihelion ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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