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ph607-15-test2ans
... Q1. a) T and P are the temperature and pressure at a radial distance r from the centre of the star, and is the ratio of specific heats under constant pressure and constant volume. [6 marks] (b)The criteria for convection to occur can be satisfied in two ways; either the ratio of specific heats is ...
... Q1. a) T and P are the temperature and pressure at a radial distance r from the centre of the star, and is the ratio of specific heats under constant pressure and constant volume. [6 marks] (b)The criteria for convection to occur can be satisfied in two ways; either the ratio of specific heats is ...
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
... Although the concept of black holes is still being investigated, scientists have several theories about how they form and affect nearby matter and energy. As extremely massive stars age, they begin to collapse. Scientists think the matter in these stars is drawn inward, creating an extremely small y ...
... Although the concept of black holes is still being investigated, scientists have several theories about how they form and affect nearby matter and energy. As extremely massive stars age, they begin to collapse. Scientists think the matter in these stars is drawn inward, creating an extremely small y ...
The Story of Gold
... with 700,000 atoms per billion in the Sun and 800,000 per billion as an average over a wide area of the universe. However, compared to the most abundant element, hydrogen at 930,000,000 atoms per billion, gold is still very rare indeed. In general, the heavier the element the less of it there is aro ...
... with 700,000 atoms per billion in the Sun and 800,000 per billion as an average over a wide area of the universe. However, compared to the most abundant element, hydrogen at 930,000,000 atoms per billion, gold is still very rare indeed. In general, the heavier the element the less of it there is aro ...
Gravity simplest fusion
... •2 neutron stars can collide to release more energy than sun does during its whole life. •White Dwarf vs. Sun would distort sun from immense gravity Globular clusters has collision ever 10,000 years. Two small old stars can come together to make brand new, large “Blue stragglers” ...
... •2 neutron stars can collide to release more energy than sun does during its whole life. •White Dwarf vs. Sun would distort sun from immense gravity Globular clusters has collision ever 10,000 years. Two small old stars can come together to make brand new, large “Blue stragglers” ...
Interstellar Medium (ISM) Interstellar Extinction Star Formation
... Consider the forces acting on a `star forming unit’ within a molecular cloud - a molecular cloud core: ...
... Consider the forces acting on a `star forming unit’ within a molecular cloud - a molecular cloud core: ...
Letter to the Editor ASTRONOMY ASTROPHYSICS
... (the Antennae). The tidal dwarf consists of a chain of nebulae ionized by recently formed massive stars, which are embedded in an envelope of HI gas and low surface brightness optical emission. Since this object is at the tip of one of the tidal tails, star formation on a scale similar to star formi ...
... (the Antennae). The tidal dwarf consists of a chain of nebulae ionized by recently formed massive stars, which are embedded in an envelope of HI gas and low surface brightness optical emission. Since this object is at the tip of one of the tidal tails, star formation on a scale similar to star formi ...
The Life Cycles of Stars
... burn, or deplete, their hydrogen fuel in their cores. Once this happens, a low-mass star will convert its atmosphere slowly to helium instead of hydrogen, causing it to collapse; a similar trait among low-mass, sun-like, and high-mass stars. However, due to low-mass stars’ inferior mass, their inter ...
... burn, or deplete, their hydrogen fuel in their cores. Once this happens, a low-mass star will convert its atmosphere slowly to helium instead of hydrogen, causing it to collapse; a similar trait among low-mass, sun-like, and high-mass stars. However, due to low-mass stars’ inferior mass, their inter ...
Stellar Lifetime - Madison Public Schools
... down to almost 1 solar radius • Its central temperature reaches 10,000,000 K • Fusion of Hydrogen begins • It is still not on the main sequence ...
... down to almost 1 solar radius • Its central temperature reaches 10,000,000 K • Fusion of Hydrogen begins • It is still not on the main sequence ...
Galaxies - science1d
... A typical spiral galaxy completes a full rotation once about every 300 million years Most spiral galaxies have hundreds to thousands of ...
... A typical spiral galaxy completes a full rotation once about every 300 million years Most spiral galaxies have hundreds to thousands of ...
the discovery of extrasolar planets
... astronomy were making immense progresses. Because the progress of observation, which in astronomy is the source of discovery, required better images and better spectra, all the resources of optics, helped by the newborn and powerful computer capability, were explored by astronomers. It is important ...
... astronomy were making immense progresses. Because the progress of observation, which in astronomy is the source of discovery, required better images and better spectra, all the resources of optics, helped by the newborn and powerful computer capability, were explored by astronomers. It is important ...
NASA`s Chandra Sees Brightest Supernova Ever
... Fig. 5.— Soft band (0.5–2 keV) Chandra images of NGC 1260. Panel a shows the raw Chandra data (after our astrometric correction) with red and blue arrows indicating the KAIT positions of the SN and galaxy nucleus, respectively. Panel b is a Gaussian-smoothed version of this image, in which the sou ...
... Fig. 5.— Soft band (0.5–2 keV) Chandra images of NGC 1260. Panel a shows the raw Chandra data (after our astrometric correction) with red and blue arrows indicating the KAIT positions of the SN and galaxy nucleus, respectively. Panel b is a Gaussian-smoothed version of this image, in which the sou ...
Red Supergiants as the Progenitors of Type IIP Supernova
... dense Rayleigh-Taylor fingers containing the metals (C, O, Si, iron-group elements) have grown out of a compressed shell of matter left behind by the shock passing through the Si/O and (C+O)/He interfaces. These fingers grow quickly in length and while extending into the helium shell, fragment into ba ...
... dense Rayleigh-Taylor fingers containing the metals (C, O, Si, iron-group elements) have grown out of a compressed shell of matter left behind by the shock passing through the Si/O and (C+O)/He interfaces. These fingers grow quickly in length and while extending into the helium shell, fragment into ba ...
Heavy elements game
... 5. What does the presence of atoms as large as Mercury (80 protons) or Lead (82 protons) on earth suggest about our star (the sun)? ...
... 5. What does the presence of atoms as large as Mercury (80 protons) or Lead (82 protons) on earth suggest about our star (the sun)? ...
Star Clusters and Stellar Dynamics
... energy amongst themselves. If at some moment a star becomes unbound (kinetic + potential energy > 0) then it will escape the cluster entirely. Evaporation time tevap ~ 100 trelax , and although long, it limits the cluster lifetime. Evaporation is accelerated by tidal shocks, which implant additional ...
... energy amongst themselves. If at some moment a star becomes unbound (kinetic + potential energy > 0) then it will escape the cluster entirely. Evaporation time tevap ~ 100 trelax , and although long, it limits the cluster lifetime. Evaporation is accelerated by tidal shocks, which implant additional ...
ASTR2050 Spring 2005 •
... The origin of spectral lines Basis is in the energy levels of atoms. Schematically: “Emission Lines” ...
... The origin of spectral lines Basis is in the energy levels of atoms. Schematically: “Emission Lines” ...
Hill Sphere
... heavy elements the first to accrete, or did the enrichment occur at later stages? Depending on this Jupiter and Saturn may have received very different amounts of planetesimals and may have formed either very rapidly (such as through the nebula instability mechanism) or more slowly (such as through ...
... heavy elements the first to accrete, or did the enrichment occur at later stages? Depending on this Jupiter and Saturn may have received very different amounts of planetesimals and may have formed either very rapidly (such as through the nebula instability mechanism) or more slowly (such as through ...
Contents and structure of the Milky Way I
... Between 1915 and 1919, Harlow Shapley arrived at a better estimate of our place in the Milky Way using the distribution of globular clusters (compact, spherical clusters of old stars whose distances can be estimated because they contain variable stars whose periods depend on their absolute brightnes ...
... Between 1915 and 1919, Harlow Shapley arrived at a better estimate of our place in the Milky Way using the distribution of globular clusters (compact, spherical clusters of old stars whose distances can be estimated because they contain variable stars whose periods depend on their absolute brightnes ...
Devil physics The baddest class on campus IB Physics
... Chemical composition obtained from emission spectra Typical composition is, 70% hydrogen 28% helium 2% other heavier elements ...
... Chemical composition obtained from emission spectra Typical composition is, 70% hydrogen 28% helium 2% other heavier elements ...
The AG Carinae nebula: abundant evidence for a red supergiant
... nebular abundances should reflect the surface composition of the star at the time of the eruption. Garcia-Segura, Mac Low & Langer (1996a) have followed the dynamical interaction of a 60-M0 star with its environment as it evolves through the LBV phase to a WR star. They predict that the nebula forme ...
... nebular abundances should reflect the surface composition of the star at the time of the eruption. Garcia-Segura, Mac Low & Langer (1996a) have followed the dynamical interaction of a 60-M0 star with its environment as it evolves through the LBV phase to a WR star. They predict that the nebula forme ...
Slide 1
... They are tidally locked (i.e., rotation period equals orbital period, of only days). ...
... They are tidally locked (i.e., rotation period equals orbital period, of only days). ...
White dwarf with almost pure oxygen atmosphere
... the core pushing the lighter ones, such as helium provide a critical link to some types of supernovae discovered over the past decade. As relatively Image of Sirius A and Sirius B taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Sirius B, which is a white dwarf, can be seen as a faint pinprick of light to the l ...
... the core pushing the lighter ones, such as helium provide a critical link to some types of supernovae discovered over the past decade. As relatively Image of Sirius A and Sirius B taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Sirius B, which is a white dwarf, can be seen as a faint pinprick of light to the l ...
HR Diagrams
... Do you think that taller students tend to weigh more or less than shorter students? You could examine this by plotting the students in your class on a graph, with height on one axis and weight on the other. Each student would be plotted as a point on the graph. What do you think that graph would loo ...
... Do you think that taller students tend to weigh more or less than shorter students? You could examine this by plotting the students in your class on a graph, with height on one axis and weight on the other. Each student would be plotted as a point on the graph. What do you think that graph would loo ...
sun_parallax2
... Visual binaries – Stars that are far enough apart that they can be seen as separate stars through a telescope. They typically have orbital periods that are hundreds of years long. ...
... Visual binaries – Stars that are far enough apart that they can be seen as separate stars through a telescope. They typically have orbital periods that are hundreds of years long. ...
JeopardyCh21StarsGalaxiesUniverse
... This type of radiation is used to take picture of your teeth at the dentist office or when you break a bone. ...
... This type of radiation is used to take picture of your teeth at the dentist office or when you break a bone. ...
Chapter 21 Jeopardy
... This type of radiation is used to take picture of your teeth at the dentist office or when you break a bone. ...
... This type of radiation is used to take picture of your teeth at the dentist office or when you break a bone. ...
Planetary nebula
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NGC6543.jpg?width=300)
A planetary nebula, often abbreviated as PN or plural PNe, is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. The word ""nebula"" is Latin for mist or cloud and the term ""planetary nebula"" is a misnomer that originated in the 1780s with astronomer William Herschel because when viewed through his telescope, these objects appeared to him to resemble the rounded shapes of planets. Herschel's name for these objects was popularly adopted and has not been changed. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years.A mechanism for formation of most planetary nebulae is thought to be the following: at the end of the star's life, during the red giant phase, the outer layers of the star are expelled by strong stellar winds. Eventually, after most of the red giant's atmosphere is dissipated, the exposed hot, luminous core emits ultraviolet radiation to ionize the ejected outer layers of the star. Absorbed ultraviolet light energises the shell of nebulous gas around the central star, appearing as a bright coloured planetary nebula at several discrete visible wavelengths.Planetary nebulae may play a crucial role in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, returning material to the interstellar medium from stars where elements, the products of nucleosynthesis (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon), have been created. Planetary nebulae are also observed in more distant galaxies, yielding useful information about their chemical abundances.In recent years, Hubble Space Telescope images have revealed many planetary nebulae to have extremely complex and varied morphologies. About one-fifth are roughly spherical, but the majority are not spherically symmetric. The mechanisms which produce such a wide variety of shapes and features are not yet well understood, but binary central stars, stellar winds and magnetic fields may play a role.