The Armenian earthquake of 1988 December 7: faulting and folding
... (opposite page)], one kilometre west from the field. In fact, a bifurcation of the thrust front is evident in Fig. 12 where a double band of low angle pressure ridges (Fig. 4f) is connected by tensile cracks. A sequence of cross-sections illustrating the splitting of the thrust front and the relatio ...
... (opposite page)], one kilometre west from the field. In fact, a bifurcation of the thrust front is evident in Fig. 12 where a double band of low angle pressure ridges (Fig. 4f) is connected by tensile cracks. A sequence of cross-sections illustrating the splitting of the thrust front and the relatio ...
Neotectonics of the Offshore Oak Ridge Fault
... inset). marks the approximate juncture between eastern and western segments of this fault. In the east near South Mountain, fault displacement since 200–400 ka ago amounts to 2.5 km and occurred at high rates (5.9–12.5 mm/yr) (Yeats, ...
... inset). marks the approximate juncture between eastern and western segments of this fault. In the east near South Mountain, fault displacement since 200–400 ka ago amounts to 2.5 km and occurred at high rates (5.9–12.5 mm/yr) (Yeats, ...
(Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic) and plate reconstructions
... and plagiogranite porphyry. Both formations are intruded by slightly metamorphosed gabbro-dolerite sills and dikes with thicknesses ranging from tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters which compose a wide dike belt with a total length of over 100 km. The Zhdanov and Borzov/Laptev formations are o ...
... and plagiogranite porphyry. Both formations are intruded by slightly metamorphosed gabbro-dolerite sills and dikes with thicknesses ranging from tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters which compose a wide dike belt with a total length of over 100 km. The Zhdanov and Borzov/Laptev formations are o ...
Chromium isotope fractionation during subduction
... a few studies have been conducted in the past few years for this purpose. For instance, Schoenberg et al. (2008) and Farkas et al. (2013) proposed bulk silicate Earth (BSE) δ53Cr (53Cr/52Cr relative to SRM 979) values of − 0.124 ± 0.101‰ and − 0.079 ± 0.129‰, respectively. Moynier et al. (2011) repo ...
... a few studies have been conducted in the past few years for this purpose. For instance, Schoenberg et al. (2008) and Farkas et al. (2013) proposed bulk silicate Earth (BSE) δ53Cr (53Cr/52Cr relative to SRM 979) values of − 0.124 ± 0.101‰ and − 0.079 ± 0.129‰, respectively. Moynier et al. (2011) repo ...
Chapter 6
... • When magma cools slowly at first, but then cools more rapidly as the magma nears or reaches Earth’s surface, the igneous rock that forms may have large crystals embedded within a mass of smaller crystals. This texture is called porphyritic ...
... • When magma cools slowly at first, but then cools more rapidly as the magma nears or reaches Earth’s surface, the igneous rock that forms may have large crystals embedded within a mass of smaller crystals. This texture is called porphyritic ...
The Tectonostratigraphy and Structural Evolution of the Sitas Area
... 1 & Fig. 8). Some of these faults car ry granitic basement in their hanging walls and cut across the entire Storriten Complex . This struc tural geometry requires the metased iment dom inated parts of the Storriten Complex that superficially resemble the Lower Allochthon to sit both structurally abo ...
... 1 & Fig. 8). Some of these faults car ry granitic basement in their hanging walls and cut across the entire Storriten Complex . This struc tural geometry requires the metased iment dom inated parts of the Storriten Complex that superficially resemble the Lower Allochthon to sit both structurally abo ...
Ultramafic-mafic intrusions, volcanic rocks and PGE-Cu
... Figure 9.Mineralogical zoning of the Oktyabrsky massive sulfide body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 10. Variations in the contents and composition of rock-forming, oxide and sulphide minerals, Cu, Ni and PGE contents through the upper contact zone that hosts the l ...
... Figure 9.Mineralogical zoning of the Oktyabrsky massive sulfide body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 10. Variations in the contents and composition of rock-forming, oxide and sulphide minerals, Cu, Ni and PGE contents through the upper contact zone that hosts the l ...
The evolving nature of terrestrial crust from the Hadean, through the
... to the long-lived, relatively slowly maturing, thick cratonic nuclei found today in several Precambrian shields. The second type of Archaean continental lithosphere formed much more rapidly, over periods of 150–300 Ma, at several times during the Archaean. Magmas were initially erupted as stacks of ...
... to the long-lived, relatively slowly maturing, thick cratonic nuclei found today in several Precambrian shields. The second type of Archaean continental lithosphere formed much more rapidly, over periods of 150–300 Ma, at several times during the Archaean. Magmas were initially erupted as stacks of ...
Microsoft Word
... Everything! Plate tectonics is a beautiful example of how processes as simple as thermal expansion/contraction, density differences, buoyancy changes and convection can work together to produce a phenomenon as complex as plate tectonics. Sea-Floor Spreading Ridges (Divergent Plate Boundaries) Closel ...
... Everything! Plate tectonics is a beautiful example of how processes as simple as thermal expansion/contraction, density differences, buoyancy changes and convection can work together to produce a phenomenon as complex as plate tectonics. Sea-Floor Spreading Ridges (Divergent Plate Boundaries) Closel ...
The Rice Lake mine trend, Manitoba
... roads when examining or photographing outcrops, and exercise extreme caution in crossing roads. Road cuts or rock quarries also present specific hazards, and participants MUST behave appropriately for the safety of all. Participants must be aware of the danger from falling debris and should stay wel ...
... roads when examining or photographing outcrops, and exercise extreme caution in crossing roads. Road cuts or rock quarries also present specific hazards, and participants MUST behave appropriately for the safety of all. Participants must be aware of the danger from falling debris and should stay wel ...
Important Technical Terms
... Everything! Plate tectonics is a beautiful example of how processes as simple as thermal expansion/contraction, density differences, buoyancy changes and convection can work together to produce a phenomenon as complex as plate tectonics. Sea-Floor Spreading Ridges (Divergent Plate Boundaries) Closel ...
... Everything! Plate tectonics is a beautiful example of how processes as simple as thermal expansion/contraction, density differences, buoyancy changes and convection can work together to produce a phenomenon as complex as plate tectonics. Sea-Floor Spreading Ridges (Divergent Plate Boundaries) Closel ...
`) Structural evolution of the Raft River Basin, Idaho
... the autochthon that can be correlated with formations ex posed in the Albion and Raft River Mountains (Covington, 1980). Seismic reflections (Figs. 3 and 4) known or inferred to represent basin-fill sediments dip into subjacent reflec tions interpreted to be representative of basement rocks. Quate ...
... the autochthon that can be correlated with formations ex posed in the Albion and Raft River Mountains (Covington, 1980). Seismic reflections (Figs. 3 and 4) known or inferred to represent basin-fill sediments dip into subjacent reflec tions interpreted to be representative of basement rocks. Quate ...
Review sheet – Chapter 3 Understand that the Earth is density
... Know that Pangaea was the supercontinent which consisted of all the world’s continents before they separated (into the continents we see today) Know that the age of oceanic crust is no less than 200 million years old Know that the age of continental crust is ~4 billion years old (much, much older th ...
... Know that Pangaea was the supercontinent which consisted of all the world’s continents before they separated (into the continents we see today) Know that the age of oceanic crust is no less than 200 million years old Know that the age of continental crust is ~4 billion years old (much, much older th ...
Faulting and hydration of the Juan de Fuca plate system
... accumulated during the time-stratigraphic period A have an average thickness of some 30 m while the estimated cumulative fault throw during this period is 1.17 ± 0.18 m, less than the resolution threshold for our images. This suggests that plate-deforming processes have remained active during most r ...
... accumulated during the time-stratigraphic period A have an average thickness of some 30 m while the estimated cumulative fault throw during this period is 1.17 ± 0.18 m, less than the resolution threshold for our images. This suggests that plate-deforming processes have remained active during most r ...
Plate tectonics and lithosphere architecture: temporal and spatial
... Geol. Soc. London Special Publication, 76, 71-81. Song, Y., Frey, F.A. and Zhi, X.C. (1990) Chem. ...
... Geol. Soc. London Special Publication, 76, 71-81. Song, Y., Frey, F.A. and Zhi, X.C. (1990) Chem. ...
KAROO SEDIMENTS OF THE ERONGO MOUNTAINS, THEIR
... thickness for the formation has been determined. Further west the occurrence of the formation is limited by granite and granodiorite of the Erongo Igneous Complex (Fig. 2). Both in the north-east and the west, the Lions Head Formation appears to cease abruptly and no transition into the Krantzberg F ...
... thickness for the formation has been determined. Further west the occurrence of the formation is limited by granite and granodiorite of the Erongo Igneous Complex (Fig. 2). Both in the north-east and the west, the Lions Head Formation appears to cease abruptly and no transition into the Krantzberg F ...
Faulting and hydration of the Juan de Fuca plate system
... accumulated during the time-stratigraphic period A have an average thickness of some 30 m while the estimated cumulative fault throw during this period is 1.17 ± 0.18 m, less than the resolution threshold for our images. This suggests that plate-deforming processes have remained active during most r ...
... accumulated during the time-stratigraphic period A have an average thickness of some 30 m while the estimated cumulative fault throw during this period is 1.17 ± 0.18 m, less than the resolution threshold for our images. This suggests that plate-deforming processes have remained active during most r ...
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... The Neoproterozic Allaqi–Heiani suture in southeastern Egypt is the western extension of the Allaqi–Heiani–Onib–Sol Hamed–Yanbu suture that represents one of arc–arc sutures in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. It extends for more than 250 km from the N-trending Hamisana Shear Zone in the east to Lake Nass ...
... The Neoproterozic Allaqi–Heiani suture in southeastern Egypt is the western extension of the Allaqi–Heiani–Onib–Sol Hamed–Yanbu suture that represents one of arc–arc sutures in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. It extends for more than 250 km from the N-trending Hamisana Shear Zone in the east to Lake Nass ...
The placement of the Trans-European Suture Zone on the Romanian... electromagnetic arguments
... fault zones as only one of them (Peceneaga-Camena Fault) emphasizes the contact between the two types of crust having different thickness and electrical properties–what may be the normal consequence of the different age. This model (Fig. 2), by means of the resistivity contrast limits provided by 65 ...
... fault zones as only one of them (Peceneaga-Camena Fault) emphasizes the contact between the two types of crust having different thickness and electrical properties–what may be the normal consequence of the different age. This model (Fig. 2), by means of the resistivity contrast limits provided by 65 ...
Lawrence University Weeding List 390
... geology, geochemistry, and mineral resource assessment of the big branch and peru peak wildernesses ...
... geology, geochemistry, and mineral resource assessment of the big branch and peru peak wildernesses ...
Erosion, Himalayan Geodynamics, and the Geomorphology of
... beneath the summit region, indicates that the brittle-ductile transition is shallow, at ~2–5 km bsl (Meltzer et al., 1998). This pattern, together with tomographic results showing very low seismic velocities and higher attenuation throughout the crust in the region below the core of the massif (Melt ...
... beneath the summit region, indicates that the brittle-ductile transition is shallow, at ~2–5 km bsl (Meltzer et al., 1998). This pattern, together with tomographic results showing very low seismic velocities and higher attenuation throughout the crust in the region below the core of the massif (Melt ...
Variable eruptive styles in an ancient monogenetic volcanic field
... of volcanology. Pyroclastic rocks are exposed in two quarries and the study was supported with a 30 m deep borehole K1 penetrating these rocks. The pyroclastic rocks are altered but preserved textures enable reconstruction of eruptive styles. The volcanic sequence exposed in the abandoned Hvězda qua ...
... of volcanology. Pyroclastic rocks are exposed in two quarries and the study was supported with a 30 m deep borehole K1 penetrating these rocks. The pyroclastic rocks are altered but preserved textures enable reconstruction of eruptive styles. The volcanic sequence exposed in the abandoned Hvězda qua ...
Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of
... faults. The later episode is certainly the less well developed, with extension of only ~1 mm yr−1 (Caputo 1995, 1996; Caputo & Pavlides 1993). To the south, the tectonics are dominated by large faults striking WNW–ESE that dip either to the NE or to the SW, and are responsible for the formation of i ...
... faults. The later episode is certainly the less well developed, with extension of only ~1 mm yr−1 (Caputo 1995, 1996; Caputo & Pavlides 1993). To the south, the tectonics are dominated by large faults striking WNW–ESE that dip either to the NE or to the SW, and are responsible for the formation of i ...
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... The upper crustal strain has been mainly controlled by the Issyk-Kul microcontinent. This lens-shaped microcontinent is surrounded by vast shear zones that have been involved in the tectonic activity during most of the Cenozoic. During the Quaternary the strain has propagated as far as the central p ...
... The upper crustal strain has been mainly controlled by the Issyk-Kul microcontinent. This lens-shaped microcontinent is surrounded by vast shear zones that have been involved in the tectonic activity during most of the Cenozoic. During the Quaternary the strain has propagated as far as the central p ...
Bresse Graben System, European Crust and Topo Europe
... determined precisely as the seismic velocities of the crust and the mantle differ significantly. The boundary between the crust and the upper mantle is known as the Mohorovičić (henceforth referred to as Moho) discontinuity. The depth of this boundary between the mantle and the European crust varies ...
... determined precisely as the seismic velocities of the crust and the mantle differ significantly. The boundary between the crust and the upper mantle is known as the Mohorovičić (henceforth referred to as Moho) discontinuity. The depth of this boundary between the mantle and the European crust varies ...
Algoman orogeny
The Algoman orogeny, known as the Kenoran orogeny in Canada, was an episode of mountain-building (orogeny) during the Late Archean Eon that involved repeated episodes of continental collisions, compressions and subductions. The Superior province and the Minnesota River Valley terrane collided about 2,700 to 2,500 million years ago. The collision folded the Earth's crust and produced enough heat and pressure to metamorphose the rock. Blocks were added to the Superior province along a 1,200 km (750 mi) boundary that stretches from present-day eastern South Dakota into the Lake Huron area. The Algoman orogeny brought the Archaen Eon to a close, about 2,500 million years ago; it lasted less than 100 million years and marks a major change in the development of the earth’s crust.The Canadian shield contains belts of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks formed by the action of metamorphism on volcanic and sedimentary rock. The areas between individual belts consist of granites or granitic gneisses that form fault zones. These two types of belts can be seen in the Wabigoon, Quetico and Wawa subprovinces; the Wabigoon and Wawa are of volcanic origin and the Quetico is of sedimentary origin. These three subprovinces lie linearly in southwestern- to northeastern-oriented belts about 140 km (90 mi) wide on the southern portion of the Superior Province.The Slave province and portions of the Nain province were also affected. Between about 2,000 and 1,700 million years ago these combined with the Sask and Wyoming cratons to form the first supercontinent, the Kenorland supercontinent.