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Elementary Topology - Group for Dynamical Systems and
Elementary Topology - Group for Dynamical Systems and

Lecture notes (May 12)
Lecture notes (May 12)

... distinct points x, y ∈ X there are disjoint open sets U , V in X such that x ∈ U and y ∈ V . The indiscrete topology is manifestly not Hausdorff unless X is a singleton. The standard topology on Rn is Hausdorff: for x 6= y ∈ Rn , let d be half the Euclidean distance between x and y. Then U = Bd (x) ...
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... Math 436 ...
Closure, Interior and Compactness in Ordinary Smooth Topological
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... osct) on X or a gradation of closedness of ordinary subsets of X if C satisfies the following axioms : (OSCT1 ) C(∅) = C(X) = 1. (OSCT2 ) C(A ∪ B) ≥ C(A) ∧ C(B), ∀A, B ∈ 2X . ...
A Categorical View on Algebraic Lattices in Formal Concept
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The Proper Forcing Axiom and the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis

... and κ > ω1 is a regular cardinal with a nonreflecting stationary set consisting of points of countable cofinality, then κω1 = κ. This, combined with the above result of Veličković, strongly suggests that PFA implies SCH. In this paper we confirm this conjecture. The new technical tool we introduce ...
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... K∗ (R) = π∗ (K(R)). Examples from geometric topology include the Whitehead space W h(X), Waldhausen’s K-theory of spaces A(X) [33] and the classifying space of the stable mapping class group BΓ+ ∞ [32]. We will give further details of some of these constructions later. 2.D. Fourth answer. This, fina ...
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... has d-diameter greater that ε. By induction on n = |s|, s ∈ 2(N) , we construct a family {Us : s ∈ 2(N) } of non-empty relatively τp -open subsets of C and a family {ts : s ∈ 2(N) } of points of D, satisfying the following conditions: (α) U∅ = C, τp τp (β) for each s, Us0 ∪ Us1 ⊂ Us , τp τp (γ) ρ(x( ...
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Closure-Complement Theorem - New Zealand Journal of Mathematics
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Grothendieck topology

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a Grothendieck topology is a structure on a category C which makes the objects of C act like the open sets of a topological space. A category together with a choice of Grothendieck topology is called a site.Grothendieck topologies axiomatize the notion of an open cover. Using the notion of covering provided by a Grothendieck topology, it becomes possible to define sheaves on a category and their cohomology. This was first done in algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory by Alexander Grothendieck to define the étale cohomology of a scheme. It has been used to define other cohomology theories since then, such as l-adic cohomology, flat cohomology, and crystalline cohomology. While Grothendieck topologies are most often used to define cohomology theories, they have found other applications as well, such as to John Tate's theory of rigid analytic geometry.There is a natural way to associate a site to an ordinary topological space, and Grothendieck's theory is loosely regarded as a generalization of classical topology. Under meager point-set hypotheses, namely sobriety, this is completely accurate—it is possible to recover a sober space from its associated site. However simple examples such as the indiscrete topological space show that not all topological spaces can be expressed using Grothendieck topologies. Conversely, there are Grothendieck topologies which do not come from topological spaces.
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