clostridium botulinum - World Health Organization
... Summary of clinical effects There are five clinical categories of botulism: 1) foodborne botulism; 2) wound botulism; 3) infant botulism; 4) adult infectious botulism; 5) inadvertent, following botulinum toxin injection. Foodborne botulism Onset generally occurs 18 to 36 hours after exposure (range, ...
... Summary of clinical effects There are five clinical categories of botulism: 1) foodborne botulism; 2) wound botulism; 3) infant botulism; 4) adult infectious botulism; 5) inadvertent, following botulinum toxin injection. Foodborne botulism Onset generally occurs 18 to 36 hours after exposure (range, ...
Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug
... more than one antimicrobial agent. Infections with MDROs can lead to inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy, and are associated with poorer patient outcomes [1–4]. Of the MDROs, highly-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and A ...
... more than one antimicrobial agent. Infections with MDROs can lead to inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy, and are associated with poorer patient outcomes [1–4]. Of the MDROs, highly-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and A ...
Multidrugresistant, extensively drugresistant and pandrugresistant
... were later created, however, with organisms within specific organism groups (e.g. the Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp.) that are intrinsically resistant to certain antimicrobial agents. This was done to ensure that these antimicrobial agents would not be taken into account when applying the ...
... were later created, however, with organisms within specific organism groups (e.g. the Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp.) that are intrinsically resistant to certain antimicrobial agents. This was done to ensure that these antimicrobial agents would not be taken into account when applying the ...
What is plague? - The University of Sydney
... providing the medium is enriched, but these growth requirements mean that the organism does not grow in the environment. It survives for less than an hour in airborne aerosols. ...
... providing the medium is enriched, but these growth requirements mean that the organism does not grow in the environment. It survives for less than an hour in airborne aerosols. ...
Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States
... number of episodes of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases. If distribution of domestically acquired and foodborne agents is similar to that of the 24 known gastroenteritis pathogens (1), then these agents cause 38.4 million episodes of foodborne gastroenteritis each year in the United State ...
... number of episodes of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases. If distribution of domestically acquired and foodborne agents is similar to that of the 24 known gastroenteritis pathogens (1), then these agents cause 38.4 million episodes of foodborne gastroenteritis each year in the United State ...
biosafety manual - Wyss Institute
... These two publications classify work with biological agents into four distinct biosafety levels (BLs). Each of these levels is matched with progressively restrictive practices and laboratory design features that have been developed to reduce health risks from exposures to potentially hazardous biol ...
... These two publications classify work with biological agents into four distinct biosafety levels (BLs). Each of these levels is matched with progressively restrictive practices and laboratory design features that have been developed to reduce health risks from exposures to potentially hazardous biol ...
plague - sfcdcp
... Plague as a Biological Weapon In the late 20th century, biological weapons programs in the United States and the Soviet Union developed techniques for aerosolizing Y. pestis in order to enhance its dissemination. Pneumonic plague is thought to be the most likely clinical presentation in the event of ...
... Plague as a Biological Weapon In the late 20th century, biological weapons programs in the United States and the Soviet Union developed techniques for aerosolizing Y. pestis in order to enhance its dissemination. Pneumonic plague is thought to be the most likely clinical presentation in the event of ...
Chapter 27 SMALLPOX
... SMALLPOX AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE The concept of using variola virus in warfare is an old one. British colonial commanders considered distributing blankets from smallpox victims among Native Americans as a biological weapon. 3–5 During the American Civil War, allegations were made about the use of sma ...
... SMALLPOX AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE The concept of using variola virus in warfare is an old one. British colonial commanders considered distributing blankets from smallpox victims among Native Americans as a biological weapon. 3–5 During the American Civil War, allegations were made about the use of sma ...
Emphasizing Military Vaccination Programs
... dangerous microbe. Vaccines give the body time to prepare defenses against harmful invading germs. How important are vaccines? Experts at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention say that only one thing has saved more lives than vaccines: clean water. In 1900, smallpox, diphtheria, measles, and ...
... dangerous microbe. Vaccines give the body time to prepare defenses against harmful invading germs. How important are vaccines? Experts at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention say that only one thing has saved more lives than vaccines: clean water. In 1900, smallpox, diphtheria, measles, and ...
Francisella tularensis CDC - Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
... disease was recognized and described by Edward Francis (Francis, 1921) as tularemia, and the agent was renamed Francisella tularensis in his honor. Tularemia is a disease of wild animals. Ticks, mosquitoes and biting flies have been implicated as vectors of tularemia bacteria that infect animals and ...
... disease was recognized and described by Edward Francis (Francis, 1921) as tularemia, and the agent was renamed Francisella tularensis in his honor. Tularemia is a disease of wild animals. Ticks, mosquitoes and biting flies have been implicated as vectors of tularemia bacteria that infect animals and ...
Plague as a Biological Weapon
... outbreaks of plague continue to occur throughout the world.4,5 Advances in living conditions, public health, and antibiotic therapy make future pandemics improbable. However, plague outbreaks following use of a biological weapon are a plausible threat. In World War II, a secret branch of the Japanes ...
... outbreaks of plague continue to occur throughout the world.4,5 Advances in living conditions, public health, and antibiotic therapy make future pandemics improbable. However, plague outbreaks following use of a biological weapon are a plausible threat. In World War II, a secret branch of the Japanes ...
Comparative pathologic, immunologic and clinical responses
... Gillespie and Baker (1959) compared strain 1 of New York virus diarrhea with strain 46 Indiana virus diarrhea. Their studies showed a definite immunologic relationship and an identical experimental syndrome for both of these viruses. They were also able to propagate the Indiana strain in embryonic b ...
... Gillespie and Baker (1959) compared strain 1 of New York virus diarrhea with strain 46 Indiana virus diarrhea. Their studies showed a definite immunologic relationship and an identical experimental syndrome for both of these viruses. They were also able to propagate the Indiana strain in embryonic b ...
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
... Tularemia has been reported in many countries of the northern hemisphere (16). In the United States of America, most human tularemia cases are reported from the south-central region (15). Sweden, Finland and Turkey have reported the highest incidence of tularemia worldwide (19). The Scandinavian cou ...
... Tularemia has been reported in many countries of the northern hemisphere (16). In the United States of America, most human tularemia cases are reported from the south-central region (15). Sweden, Finland and Turkey have reported the highest incidence of tularemia worldwide (19). The Scandinavian cou ...
this PDF file
... Bubonic plague is caused by a bacterium known as Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals[4] ...
... Bubonic plague is caused by a bacterium known as Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals[4] ...
FACTS ABOUT PLAGUE IN CALIFORNIA
... become ill within 7 days of being in a plague area (see map). Plague is readily treatable when diagnosed early. You can help with the diagnosis by telling your doctor where you have been and what you have done that may have exposed you to plague. If it is not diagnosed early, bubonic plague can prog ...
... become ill within 7 days of being in a plague area (see map). Plague is readily treatable when diagnosed early. You can help with the diagnosis by telling your doctor where you have been and what you have done that may have exposed you to plague. If it is not diagnosed early, bubonic plague can prog ...
Botulism - San Francisco Bay Area Advanced Practice Center
... spore-forming bacillus naturally found in soil and aquatic sediments. There are seven types of the toxin based on antigenic differences, labeled A through G. Types A, B, and E (and rarely, F) are pathogenic in humans. Types C, D, and E cause illness in other mammals, birds, and fish. Botulinum toxin ...
... spore-forming bacillus naturally found in soil and aquatic sediments. There are seven types of the toxin based on antigenic differences, labeled A through G. Types A, B, and E (and rarely, F) are pathogenic in humans. Types C, D, and E cause illness in other mammals, birds, and fish. Botulinum toxin ...
Occupational Safety - College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
... – The organism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture – The specific disease must be reproduced when the pure culture is inoculated into a healthy susceptible ...
... – The organism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture – The specific disease must be reproduced when the pure culture is inoculated into a healthy susceptible ...
Laboratory-Acquired Infections in Flanders (2007
... Accident means any incident involving a significant and unintended release of genetically modified and/or pathogenic (micro-)organisms in the course of their contained use which could present an immediate or delayed hazard to human health or the environment. Bio-incident Bio-incidents are defined as ...
... Accident means any incident involving a significant and unintended release of genetically modified and/or pathogenic (micro-)organisms in the course of their contained use which could present an immediate or delayed hazard to human health or the environment. Bio-incident Bio-incidents are defined as ...
View PDF - e-Science Central
... collective memory as one of the major threats for the human kind. This is easily due to the detailed historical records of the plague pandemic occurred during 1346~1400. La Moria Grandissima (the black death) of the XIVth century killed an estimated of at least 1/4 - 1/3 of the European population [ ...
... collective memory as one of the major threats for the human kind. This is easily due to the detailed historical records of the plague pandemic occurred during 1346~1400. La Moria Grandissima (the black death) of the XIVth century killed an estimated of at least 1/4 - 1/3 of the European population [ ...
Biosafety Plan - The University of Scranton
... Creation of fomites from minor spills and droplets formed during transfer of cultures is a common hazard in laboratories. The reality of this problem can readily be appreciated by transferring a dye (e.g., crystal violet) as though it were a bacterial culture. The amount of dye scattered in the work ...
... Creation of fomites from minor spills and droplets formed during transfer of cultures is a common hazard in laboratories. The reality of this problem can readily be appreciated by transferring a dye (e.g., crystal violet) as though it were a bacterial culture. The amount of dye scattered in the work ...
Francisella tularensis: an Overview
... Mass., involved 15 patients, 11 of whom presented with a primary pneumonic tularemia. One infected adult male died, and F. tularensis type A bacteria were isolated from his blood and lung tissues. While the precise origin of these cases is not certain, the evidence again points towards the patients ...
... Mass., involved 15 patients, 11 of whom presented with a primary pneumonic tularemia. One infected adult male died, and F. tularensis type A bacteria were isolated from his blood and lung tissues. While the precise origin of these cases is not certain, the evidence again points towards the patients ...
Biosafety Program - University of Regina
... microorganisms such as single-celled yeasts and multi-cellular molds. Genetic Engineering is a term that applies to the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using techniques of molecular cloning and transformation. Genetically Modified Micro-organisms (GMMOs) are microorganisms whose genetic m ...
... microorganisms such as single-celled yeasts and multi-cellular molds. Genetic Engineering is a term that applies to the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using techniques of molecular cloning and transformation. Genetically Modified Micro-organisms (GMMOs) are microorganisms whose genetic m ...
Text consolidated by Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre
... monitoring in the field laid down in the Veterinary Medicine Law. The Service in collaboration with the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control shall ensure the introduction and implementation of the requirements laid down in this Regulation, as well as exchange of information. ...
... monitoring in the field laid down in the Veterinary Medicine Law. The Service in collaboration with the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control shall ensure the introduction and implementation of the requirements laid down in this Regulation, as well as exchange of information. ...
Biological warfare
Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed ""bio-weapons"", ""biological threat agents"", or ""bio-agents"") are living organisms or replicating entities (viruses, which are not universally considered ""alive"") that reproduce or replicate within their host victims. Entomological (insect) warfare is also considered a type of biological weapon. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and chemical warfare, which together with biological warfare make up NBC, the military acronym for nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare using weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). None of these are conventional weapons, which are primarily effective due to their explosive, kinetic, or incendiary potential.Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. Like some of the chemical weapons, biological weapons may also be useful as area denial weapons. These agents may be lethal or non-lethal, and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of people, or even an entire population. They may be developed, acquired, stockpiled or deployed by nation states or by non-national groups. In the latter case, or if a nation-state uses it clandestinely, it may also be considered bioterrorism.There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Toxins and psychochemical weapons are often referred to as midspectrum agents. Unlike bioweapons, these midspectrum agents do not reproduce in their host and are typically characterized by shorter incubation periods.