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Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement
... thought that viral reactivation in latently infected mares leads to foal infection in this circumstance.24 When horses are first infected, latency is established in both the lymphoreticular system and in the trigeminal ganglion.4 Estimates of the prevalence of EHV-1 infection based on viral detection ...
... thought that viral reactivation in latently infected mares leads to foal infection in this circumstance.24 When horses are first infected, latency is established in both the lymphoreticular system and in the trigeminal ganglion.4 Estimates of the prevalence of EHV-1 infection based on viral detection ...
Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in
... virus; and describing the epidemic. Key scientific approaches used in 1976 and their relevance to the 3-country (Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia) West African epidemic during 2013–2016 are presented. Methods. Field and laboratory investigations started soon after notification, in mid-September 1976, ...
... virus; and describing the epidemic. Key scientific approaches used in 1976 and their relevance to the 3-country (Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia) West African epidemic during 2013–2016 are presented. Methods. Field and laboratory investigations started soon after notification, in mid-September 1976, ...
Prevalence Study of Antibody to Ratborne Pathogens and Other
... with R. norvegicus. BQ is transmitted by the human body louse and is the etiologic agent of trench fever. Studies conducted in intravenous drug user and homeless populations have found that the seroprevalence to this agent is higher than that in blood donor populations (10%–20% vs. 0%–2%) [8, 9]. Al ...
... with R. norvegicus. BQ is transmitted by the human body louse and is the etiologic agent of trench fever. Studies conducted in intravenous drug user and homeless populations have found that the seroprevalence to this agent is higher than that in blood donor populations (10%–20% vs. 0%–2%) [8, 9]. Al ...
PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
... Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. However, whi ...
... Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. However, whi ...
062796 The Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Viral
... The analysis reported here is based on files from the study centers containing information on donors, results of serologic screening, and confirmatory test results. It includes all allogeneic-blood donations, of either whole blood or components obtained through apheresis, from people who made at least ...
... The analysis reported here is based on files from the study centers containing information on donors, results of serologic screening, and confirmatory test results. It includes all allogeneic-blood donations, of either whole blood or components obtained through apheresis, from people who made at least ...
Influenza A/H5 - Global Marketing Services
... Special Precautions on Specimen collection & preparation ...
... Special Precautions on Specimen collection & preparation ...
IDENTIFICATION OF INCLUSIONS IN VIRUS DISEASES* Scarcely
... for their identification does not mean that they are not manifestations of virus action. For example, in the case of nuclear inclusions occasionally found in the salivary glands of several species including man the involved cells, though never numerous, are greatly hypertrophied and are of uniform a ...
... for their identification does not mean that they are not manifestations of virus action. For example, in the case of nuclear inclusions occasionally found in the salivary glands of several species including man the involved cells, though never numerous, are greatly hypertrophied and are of uniform a ...
The Secret of Viral Reproduction - DigitalCommons@USU
... found in the chromosomes within the nuclei of the cells of most living organisms, bears the genetic code that determines all of the characteristics of a living organism. Information from the DNA of the chromosomes is carried to all parts of the cell by one type of RNA called messenger RNA. Additiona ...
... found in the chromosomes within the nuclei of the cells of most living organisms, bears the genetic code that determines all of the characteristics of a living organism. Information from the DNA of the chromosomes is carried to all parts of the cell by one type of RNA called messenger RNA. Additiona ...
SMALLPOX - the chris hobbs site
... experts have estimated today's rate of transmission to be more on the order of 10 new infections per infected person. ...
... experts have estimated today's rate of transmission to be more on the order of 10 new infections per infected person. ...
Smallpox
... and vaccination, the global population is significantly more susceptible. Some experts have estimated today's rate of transmission to be more on the order of 10 new infections per infected person. ...
... and vaccination, the global population is significantly more susceptible. Some experts have estimated today's rate of transmission to be more on the order of 10 new infections per infected person. ...
HCV HBV
... Newly infected persons now become source of infection for others, the cycle continues ...
... Newly infected persons now become source of infection for others, the cycle continues ...
Identification of host cell proteins involved in Shigella flexneri
... 3.3.10 Assay for growth of intracellular bacteria .............................................................. 76 3.3.11 LDH cytotoxicity assay .......................................................................................... 76 3.3.12 Ethics statement .................................... ...
... 3.3.10 Assay for growth of intracellular bacteria .............................................................. 76 3.3.11 LDH cytotoxicity assay .......................................................................................... 76 3.3.12 Ethics statement .................................... ...
Venereal Disease By Dr. Nazih Wayes Zaid
... ovary and tubular genital tract in 57% and the urinary system in 62% of the animals. Leptospirosis is also of considerable public health importance, as it causes a zoonotic disease in man. The risk of human leptospirosis was considered of such significance that various programmers were introduced to ...
... ovary and tubular genital tract in 57% and the urinary system in 62% of the animals. Leptospirosis is also of considerable public health importance, as it causes a zoonotic disease in man. The risk of human leptospirosis was considered of such significance that various programmers were introduced to ...
RSV
... Children and infants who are infected often have a runny nose and a decrease in appetite before any other symptoms appear. A cough usually develops 1 to 3 days later. Soon after the cough develops, sneezing, fever and wheezing can occur. In very young infants, decreased activity, poor feeding, irrit ...
... Children and infants who are infected often have a runny nose and a decrease in appetite before any other symptoms appear. A cough usually develops 1 to 3 days later. Soon after the cough develops, sneezing, fever and wheezing can occur. In very young infants, decreased activity, poor feeding, irrit ...
Zika, a Mosquito-Transmitted Virus
... came not only from the sentinel monkey, caged on a tree platform in this forest, but also from Aedes africanus mosquitoes captured while feeding on humans (Dick et al. 1952). These isolations, and the absence of evidence of this virus among small mammals captured from the forest floor, led to the hy ...
... came not only from the sentinel monkey, caged on a tree platform in this forest, but also from Aedes africanus mosquitoes captured while feeding on humans (Dick et al. 1952). These isolations, and the absence of evidence of this virus among small mammals captured from the forest floor, led to the hy ...
Biosafety Levels - Advanced BioFuels USA
... chlamydial agents which have been assessed for risk but do not belong to a higher risk group can be safely handled at BSL‐1. Be aware that many agents not ordinarily associated with disease are opportunistic pathogens and may cause infection in the young, the aged and immunocompromised individual ...
... chlamydial agents which have been assessed for risk but do not belong to a higher risk group can be safely handled at BSL‐1. Be aware that many agents not ordinarily associated with disease are opportunistic pathogens and may cause infection in the young, the aged and immunocompromised individual ...
Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 have different
... Compared with HIV-1, HIV-2 infection is associated with a longer period of latency, slower disease progression, low viral loads and reduced transmission rates (Berry et al., 2002; Kanki et al., 1994; Marlink et al., 1994). As infection of macrophages may be a determinant of pathogenesis, we compared ...
... Compared with HIV-1, HIV-2 infection is associated with a longer period of latency, slower disease progression, low viral loads and reduced transmission rates (Berry et al., 2002; Kanki et al., 1994; Marlink et al., 1994). As infection of macrophages may be a determinant of pathogenesis, we compared ...
Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus - Global Polio Eradication Initiative
... forms of all three strains of polio, including type 2. Wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999. The weakened type 2 strain in trivalent OPV is no longer needed to protect children from wild polio, but causes nearly 90% of all cVDPV. In April 2016, all countries switched to bivalent OPV, which ...
... forms of all three strains of polio, including type 2. Wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999. The weakened type 2 strain in trivalent OPV is no longer needed to protect children from wild polio, but causes nearly 90% of all cVDPV. In April 2016, all countries switched to bivalent OPV, which ...
Processing of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) pVP2
... The capsid of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with a size of 60-65 nm is formed by the processing of a large polyprotein (pVP2-VP4-VP3) and subsequent assemblage of pVP2/VP2 and VP3. When polyprotein was expressed in Sf9 insect cells, the processing of polyprotein was restrained, leading to ...
... The capsid of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with a size of 60-65 nm is formed by the processing of a large polyprotein (pVP2-VP4-VP3) and subsequent assemblage of pVP2/VP2 and VP3. When polyprotein was expressed in Sf9 insect cells, the processing of polyprotein was restrained, leading to ...
Avian infectious bronchitis
... sequencing of the gene coding for the spike (S) protein or, more specifically, nucleotide sequencing of the gene coding for the S1 subunit of the S protein (Cavanagh, 1991; Kusters et al., 1989) where most of the epitopes to which neutralising antibodies bind are found (Koch et al., 1992). An exact ...
... sequencing of the gene coding for the spike (S) protein or, more specifically, nucleotide sequencing of the gene coding for the S1 subunit of the S protein (Cavanagh, 1991; Kusters et al., 1989) where most of the epitopes to which neutralising antibodies bind are found (Koch et al., 1992). An exact ...
Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
... (Aglave et al., 2007), Rauvolfia serpentina and Jatropha curcas (Raj et al., 2007, 2008). However, only limited reports are available on biological and molecular characteristics of these isolates (Madhubala et al., 2005, Verma et al., 2004, 2006). CMV causes chlorosis, mosaic and heart rot in banana ...
... (Aglave et al., 2007), Rauvolfia serpentina and Jatropha curcas (Raj et al., 2007, 2008). However, only limited reports are available on biological and molecular characteristics of these isolates (Madhubala et al., 2005, Verma et al., 2004, 2006). CMV causes chlorosis, mosaic and heart rot in banana ...
Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by
... movements over extensive and remote regions, but considerable advances in miniaturisation of satellite-tracking devices have only recently allowed medium-size birds such as small wildfowl to be equipped. Satellite telemetry offers various advantages over conventional methods in estimating long-distan ...
... movements over extensive and remote regions, but considerable advances in miniaturisation of satellite-tracking devices have only recently allowed medium-size birds such as small wildfowl to be equipped. Satellite telemetry offers various advantages over conventional methods in estimating long-distan ...
002211 Bofposter_v2.indd
... unvaccinated and vaccinated patients in relation to the time since onset of disease. Figure 2 presents box plots of viral titers for both unvaccinated and vaccinated patients for samples collected within the first three days post onset of disease. Vaccinated patients clearly show lower viral titers. ...
... unvaccinated and vaccinated patients in relation to the time since onset of disease. Figure 2 presents box plots of viral titers for both unvaccinated and vaccinated patients for samples collected within the first three days post onset of disease. Vaccinated patients clearly show lower viral titers. ...
Infection control
... Definitions of key terms Microorganisms are the causative agents of infection. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Resident microorganisms (normal resident flora) are not harmless either beneficial, because they perform essential function of the body. Colonization means that ...
... Definitions of key terms Microorganisms are the causative agents of infection. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Resident microorganisms (normal resident flora) are not harmless either beneficial, because they perform essential function of the body. Colonization means that ...
Herpes simplex virus
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herpes_simplex_virus_TEM_B82-0474_lores.jpg?width=300)
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.