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Module One
... attracting the attention of other Immune System cells which will then kill them. Most people start producing antibodies after about six to eight weeks (sometimes it can take up to three months, very exceptionally six months or longer). The point at which the person begins producing antibodies is cal ...
... attracting the attention of other Immune System cells which will then kill them. Most people start producing antibodies after about six to eight weeks (sometimes it can take up to three months, very exceptionally six months or longer). The point at which the person begins producing antibodies is cal ...
History of Medical Microbiology 1
... 2 Essentials of Medical Microbiology In order to show that the process was akin to Jenner’s use of cowpox, he referred to this as vaccination. These attenuated organisms, on injection into animals, protected them from the effects of virulent bacteria. Soon anthrax immunization was widely practised w ...
... 2 Essentials of Medical Microbiology In order to show that the process was akin to Jenner’s use of cowpox, he referred to this as vaccination. These attenuated organisms, on injection into animals, protected them from the effects of virulent bacteria. Soon anthrax immunization was widely practised w ...
Viral gastroenteritis
... Unenveloped, with 12-fibres one at each vertix. The viral genome is ds-DNA. Replicate in the nucleus. 49 distinct types, grouped into 6-subgenera (A-F). Cause diarrhea in infants and young children . ...
... Unenveloped, with 12-fibres one at each vertix. The viral genome is ds-DNA. Replicate in the nucleus. 49 distinct types, grouped into 6-subgenera (A-F). Cause diarrhea in infants and young children . ...
BODY Diseases_405
... Because influenza is highly contagious and spreads easily, it usually appears as epidemics—that is, outbreaks involving many people. If an outbreak spreads around the world—not uncommon in this age of rapid international travel—it is called a pandemic. ...
... Because influenza is highly contagious and spreads easily, it usually appears as epidemics—that is, outbreaks involving many people. If an outbreak spreads around the world—not uncommon in this age of rapid international travel—it is called a pandemic. ...
Measles
... • Only Parvovirus pathogenic in humans • Composed of an icosahedral protein capsid without an envelope that contains singlestranded DNA • It is relatively heat- and solvent-resistant. • Replicate in mitotically-active cells – require host cell factors present in late S phase to replicate ...
... • Only Parvovirus pathogenic in humans • Composed of an icosahedral protein capsid without an envelope that contains singlestranded DNA • It is relatively heat- and solvent-resistant. • Replicate in mitotically-active cells – require host cell factors present in late S phase to replicate ...
Microbiology, Chapter 20, HIV
... HIV 6. Damage to the host: a. HIV specifically damages T helper lymphocytes, called T4 because they have an antigen CD4 on the surface of the cell. The CD4 receptors, plus a co-receptor, are the site of attachment for HIV. The viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane and releases the viral enzym ...
... HIV 6. Damage to the host: a. HIV specifically damages T helper lymphocytes, called T4 because they have an antigen CD4 on the surface of the cell. The CD4 receptors, plus a co-receptor, are the site of attachment for HIV. The viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane and releases the viral enzym ...
Molecular diagnosis and adaptation of highly
... other diseases and negative interference with effective vaccination. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus with bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae [2]. There are two distinct serotypes of the virus, but only serotype 1 viruses cause disease in poultry and ...
... other diseases and negative interference with effective vaccination. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus with bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae [2]. There are two distinct serotypes of the virus, but only serotype 1 viruses cause disease in poultry and ...
Infection Control
... Cell-Mediated Defenses T-cell system – exposure to antigen causes release into lymph system 1. Helper 2. Cytotoxic 3. Suppressor ...
... Cell-Mediated Defenses T-cell system – exposure to antigen causes release into lymph system 1. Helper 2. Cytotoxic 3. Suppressor ...
Goal 7 EOG REVIEW
... Biotechnology: the use of living organisms, or parts of organisms to produce products used by people. Some products resulting from biotechnology include medications and foods. Biotechnology is used to produce vaccines. It is also used to alter crops in agriculture to make them resistant to disease, ...
... Biotechnology: the use of living organisms, or parts of organisms to produce products used by people. Some products resulting from biotechnology include medications and foods. Biotechnology is used to produce vaccines. It is also used to alter crops in agriculture to make them resistant to disease, ...
Swine flu - Mrs. Alfred
... nose, body aches, headache , chills, and fatigue. Sometimes its start in two or three days. Ending stages of disease depends on your immune system’s strength and ...
... nose, body aches, headache , chills, and fatigue. Sometimes its start in two or three days. Ending stages of disease depends on your immune system’s strength and ...
PIDPIC SOT Working Group
... • Highest shedding shown to be day 2, with mean days of shedding of 7 • It is reasonable to assume that transplant recipient who has received flu vaccine has some immunity to the LAIV virus ...
... • Highest shedding shown to be day 2, with mean days of shedding of 7 • It is reasonable to assume that transplant recipient who has received flu vaccine has some immunity to the LAIV virus ...
疫苗與新藥開發( 2 )
... Kinetics of tumorigenesis: Tumor development usually takes a long period, a balance between tumor cells and environment factors ...
... Kinetics of tumorigenesis: Tumor development usually takes a long period, a balance between tumor cells and environment factors ...
Sexually Transmitted Infections
... Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) 90 different types of HPV, approx 30 types associated with genital infection, Approx. 90% are types 6 and 11. Acquired through sexual contact, skin-to-skin contact and thought also to be from sharing of sex toys The virus enters the skin through normal friction ...
... Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) 90 different types of HPV, approx 30 types associated with genital infection, Approx. 90% are types 6 and 11. Acquired through sexual contact, skin-to-skin contact and thought also to be from sharing of sex toys The virus enters the skin through normal friction ...
Microbiology
... • rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, change shape • reproduce within host cell • “arthropod vectors” • tetracycline • sulfonamides encourage growth ...
... • rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, change shape • reproduce within host cell • “arthropod vectors” • tetracycline • sulfonamides encourage growth ...
A New Virus... What is the Chikungunya Virus Mode of Transmission
... around their legs. (See below) ...
... around their legs. (See below) ...
Viral hemorrhagic fever
... Person-to-person airborne transmission is normally rare, but possible Incubation period is 2-21 days ...
... Person-to-person airborne transmission is normally rare, but possible Incubation period is 2-21 days ...
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... were in the spotlight after cases of cancer regression following natural infection or immunization have been observed. Oncolytic viruses preferentially attack cancer cells, penetrate them using cell receptors, use molecular pathomechanisms associated with malignant transformation, and block interfer ...
... were in the spotlight after cases of cancer regression following natural infection or immunization have been observed. Oncolytic viruses preferentially attack cancer cells, penetrate them using cell receptors, use molecular pathomechanisms associated with malignant transformation, and block interfer ...
Viral diseases - Austin Community College
... • See Fig. 20.21 for the viral replication strategy. – The most important thing to understand about HIV is that it can hide out in the host cell chromosomes for extended periods of time. When the conditions are right, the virus will begin the viral replication cycle, make and release virions. ...
... • See Fig. 20.21 for the viral replication strategy. – The most important thing to understand about HIV is that it can hide out in the host cell chromosomes for extended periods of time. When the conditions are right, the virus will begin the viral replication cycle, make and release virions. ...
A1985ACJ8900001
... were readily found in the serum and localized in sites of vascular injury. Subsequently, we studied 10 other patients with polyarteritis and found 3 more whose serum was liBsAg-positive. At first we wondered whether these findings might represent only an epiphenomenon in which viral antigen, globuli ...
... were readily found in the serum and localized in sites of vascular injury. Subsequently, we studied 10 other patients with polyarteritis and found 3 more whose serum was liBsAg-positive. At first we wondered whether these findings might represent only an epiphenomenon in which viral antigen, globuli ...
Active replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by
... response. It is noteworthy that mononuclear cells from six of nine patients tested showed some degree of blastogenic response to each of two CMV strains employed as antigen. Interestingly, the only instances in which the various CMV antigenic preparations were found to be completely devoid of stimul ...
... response. It is noteworthy that mononuclear cells from six of nine patients tested showed some degree of blastogenic response to each of two CMV strains employed as antigen. Interestingly, the only instances in which the various CMV antigenic preparations were found to be completely devoid of stimul ...
Coxsackie Virus: The Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease
... virus infection [4]. Coxsackie virus infections have worldwide distribution. The infection occurs in all age groups but young children, infant and immune compromised groups are at high risk for the complications. Most Coxsackie virus infections are mild and self-limiting. The patient may be presente ...
... virus infection [4]. Coxsackie virus infections have worldwide distribution. The infection occurs in all age groups but young children, infant and immune compromised groups are at high risk for the complications. Most Coxsackie virus infections are mild and self-limiting. The patient may be presente ...
A1977DZ91100002
... the replication of RNA tumor viruses involved a DNA intermediate. This hypothesis, known as the DNA provirus hypothesis, apparently contradicted the so-called ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology and met with a generally hostile reception. The hypothesis was not generally accepted until the publicat ...
... the replication of RNA tumor viruses involved a DNA intermediate. This hypothesis, known as the DNA provirus hypothesis, apparently contradicted the so-called ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology and met with a generally hostile reception. The hypothesis was not generally accepted until the publicat ...
Pathogen Basics - Highlighted Info
... Viruses have a few basic parts, however. The most important part is a small piece of DNA or RNA (never both). That strand of nucleic acid is considered the core of the virus. The second big part is a protein coat to protect the nucleic acid. That coat is called the capsid. The capsid protects the co ...
... Viruses have a few basic parts, however. The most important part is a small piece of DNA or RNA (never both). That strand of nucleic acid is considered the core of the virus. The second big part is a protein coat to protect the nucleic acid. That coat is called the capsid. The capsid protects the co ...
Herpes simplex virus
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herpes_simplex_virus_TEM_B82-0474_lores.jpg?width=300)
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.