Observation on the outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia
... on the existence of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. But attempts to isolate the virus had never been carried out. Hence this has hindered to reach a final diagnosis and declare the occurrence of the disease. The present study on the isolation of the virus from affected animais of 3 western and centr ...
... on the existence of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. But attempts to isolate the virus had never been carried out. Hence this has hindered to reach a final diagnosis and declare the occurrence of the disease. The present study on the isolation of the virus from affected animais of 3 western and centr ...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
... required for virus infectivity (Wieringa et al., 2003, 2004; Wissink et al., 2005). As the EAV and PRRSV minor envelope proteins are interdependent for their incorporation into virions, it has been suggested that they form heteromultimeric complexes prior to or during virion assembly (Wieringa et al ...
... required for virus infectivity (Wieringa et al., 2003, 2004; Wissink et al., 2005). As the EAV and PRRSV minor envelope proteins are interdependent for their incorporation into virions, it has been suggested that they form heteromultimeric complexes prior to or during virion assembly (Wieringa et al ...
... were infected with 10-fold serial dilutions of PV1, with the lowest dilution having a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.4. The quantification of infected cells was accomplished by FC after 8 hpi. Cells were gated based on their size and granularity to include only intact cells. Figure 2 shows rep ...
Chapter 12 - Cloudfront.net
... – Diseases that are spread through sexual contact… – STD’s is what they are referred to today… – In 1995, it was estimated that 1 in six teenagers had an STD… ...
... – Diseases that are spread through sexual contact… – STD’s is what they are referred to today… – In 1995, it was estimated that 1 in six teenagers had an STD… ...
Epstein-Barr virus-recent advances
... Detailed analysis of tonsillar B cells suggests that EBV uses physiological B cell antigen-activation pathways to establish and maintain latency.33 The hypothesis is that newly infected naive tonsillar B cells, under the influence of the oncogene EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2, express all the la ...
... Detailed analysis of tonsillar B cells suggests that EBV uses physiological B cell antigen-activation pathways to establish and maintain latency.33 The hypothesis is that newly infected naive tonsillar B cells, under the influence of the oncogene EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2, express all the la ...
Avian flu and pandem..
... What is the difference between Antigenic shift and antigenic drift? Antigenic drift is the natural mutation over time of known strains of influenza (or other things, in a more general sense) which may lead to a loss of immunity, or in vaccine mismatch. Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influen ...
... What is the difference between Antigenic shift and antigenic drift? Antigenic drift is the natural mutation over time of known strains of influenza (or other things, in a more general sense) which may lead to a loss of immunity, or in vaccine mismatch. Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influen ...
The Substantia Nigra is a Major Target for Neurovirulent Influenza A
... Figure 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-WSN antibody, counterstained with neutral red, in the HPC of mice from the R404BP group on day 3 (,4) and day 7 (B), and in the parietal cortex of mice in the WSN group on day 3 (C), and day 7 (D). (=4) Positivelystained neurons in the granular cell laye ...
... Figure 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-WSN antibody, counterstained with neutral red, in the HPC of mice from the R404BP group on day 3 (,4) and day 7 (B), and in the parietal cortex of mice in the WSN group on day 3 (C), and day 7 (D). (=4) Positivelystained neurons in the granular cell laye ...
Bloodborne Pathogens 2014
... after use and hands thoroughly washed. Soiled gowns and gloves should be disposed of in the regular trash and then double-bagged Employees are responsible for using PPE when instructed and whenever clinically indicated to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids. ...
... after use and hands thoroughly washed. Soiled gowns and gloves should be disposed of in the regular trash and then double-bagged Employees are responsible for using PPE when instructed and whenever clinically indicated to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids. ...
RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES
... the cases of the common cold are due to viruses. • The common cold is worldwide in it's distribution and is spread person-to-person. Most commonly the viruses are spread during handto-hand contact (shaking hands, etc.). The average child (less than 5 years of age) will get 5-7 colds per year and the ...
... the cases of the common cold are due to viruses. • The common cold is worldwide in it's distribution and is spread person-to-person. Most commonly the viruses are spread during handto-hand contact (shaking hands, etc.). The average child (less than 5 years of age) will get 5-7 colds per year and the ...
Nat. Commun. v1 SFE130107
... retroelements10-12. Sheehy et al. demonstrated that A3G also plays a role in immunity against Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)13. For its antiviral role A3G is packaged along with viral RNA14. Upon infection of target cells and during the reverse transcription process, A3G deaminates the ...
... retroelements10-12. Sheehy et al. demonstrated that A3G also plays a role in immunity against Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)13. For its antiviral role A3G is packaged along with viral RNA14. Upon infection of target cells and during the reverse transcription process, A3G deaminates the ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... - sexual contact, - needles or other sharp instruments, - mothers to babies at/before birth, - contact between broken/damaged skin & infected bodily fluids, & - contact between mucous membranes & infected bodily fluids. ...
... - sexual contact, - needles or other sharp instruments, - mothers to babies at/before birth, - contact between broken/damaged skin & infected bodily fluids, & - contact between mucous membranes & infected bodily fluids. ...
Chapter 2 * NORMAL FLORA
... that known as fatty acid providing an acidic condition of particular area Initiating host defense against infection in the 1st line ...
... that known as fatty acid providing an acidic condition of particular area Initiating host defense against infection in the 1st line ...
Raspberry ringspot nepovirus
... Both larvae and adults of L. elongatus transmit the virus, but the adult does not pass the virus to its progeny, nor is it retained when the nematode moults. Starved L. elongatus retain infectivity for up to about 9 weeks. L. elongatus also transmits tomato black ring nepovirus (EPPO/CABI, 1996), wh ...
... Both larvae and adults of L. elongatus transmit the virus, but the adult does not pass the virus to its progeny, nor is it retained when the nematode moults. Starved L. elongatus retain infectivity for up to about 9 weeks. L. elongatus also transmits tomato black ring nepovirus (EPPO/CABI, 1996), wh ...
complete list as PDF
... in BSL-‐3 facility using BSL-‐3 practices, containment equipment and procedures. Serum or tissue samples from potentially infected rodents should be handled at BSL-‐2 using BSL-‐3 practices, containment equipm ...
... in BSL-‐3 facility using BSL-‐3 practices, containment equipment and procedures. Serum or tissue samples from potentially infected rodents should be handled at BSL-‐2 using BSL-‐3 practices, containment equipm ...
VIRUS
... HN/H/G glycoprotein SPIKES F glycoprotein SPIKES helical nucleocapsid (RNA minus NP protein) ...
... HN/H/G glycoprotein SPIKES F glycoprotein SPIKES helical nucleocapsid (RNA minus NP protein) ...
Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: Generation
... Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis ...
... Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis ...
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease- An Overview
... If you are not yet receiving your own personal copy of Infectious Disease Update via email each month, you can click here to subscribe. Please type the word "subscribe" in the subject line and your name, address and email address in the body of the email. We would like to point out at this time, tha ...
... If you are not yet receiving your own personal copy of Infectious Disease Update via email each month, you can click here to subscribe. Please type the word "subscribe" in the subject line and your name, address and email address in the body of the email. We would like to point out at this time, tha ...
Juveniles and migrants as drivers for seasonal epizootics of avian
... highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks in poultry (Hoye et al. 2010), for which low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which naturally circulates in wild bird populations, is thought to form the precursor (Alexander 2000). Surveillance studies of wild ducks in the northern ...
... highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks in poultry (Hoye et al. 2010), for which low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which naturally circulates in wild bird populations, is thought to form the precursor (Alexander 2000). Surveillance studies of wild ducks in the northern ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • Droplet contact transmission: Occurs when droplets of fluid generated by coughing, sneezing, etc. come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth of another person. These droplets are relatively heavy, and cannot stay suspended in the air for long. • Airborne transmission: This is similar to dropl ...
... • Droplet contact transmission: Occurs when droplets of fluid generated by coughing, sneezing, etc. come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth of another person. These droplets are relatively heavy, and cannot stay suspended in the air for long. • Airborne transmission: This is similar to dropl ...
STUDIES ON BOVINE HERPESVIRUSES. PART 1. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERI-
... both sexes. The affected animals became infertile or permanently sterile and had to be destroyed. This syndrome was later referred to as "epivag". A similar clinical syndrome reported in southern Africa in 1949, caused great economic losses to the cattle farming industry (Van Rensburg, 1949) and was ...
... both sexes. The affected animals became infertile or permanently sterile and had to be destroyed. This syndrome was later referred to as "epivag". A similar clinical syndrome reported in southern Africa in 1949, caused great economic losses to the cattle farming industry (Van Rensburg, 1949) and was ...
The biology of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1)
... tegument surrounding the capsid, and an envelope containing viral glycoprotein spikes on its surface (Roizman & Pellett 2001). ...
... tegument surrounding the capsid, and an envelope containing viral glycoprotein spikes on its surface (Roizman & Pellett 2001). ...
14 Nov `09- Infectious Diseases Lesson Plan
... * Just like Swine Flu evolved/ changed from the influenza virus that affects pigs in North America, it can change to be resistant to the drugs that are used for treatment, which would be bad news. (can mention AIDs treatment) C. How is swine flu spread? Direct transmission and indirect transmis ...
... * Just like Swine Flu evolved/ changed from the influenza virus that affects pigs in North America, it can change to be resistant to the drugs that are used for treatment, which would be bad news. (can mention AIDs treatment) C. How is swine flu spread? Direct transmission and indirect transmis ...
Roseola
... If people touch these droplets and then touch their own noses or mouths they can become infected. The incubation period (time from contact to the appearance of symptoms) is 9 to 10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centr ...
... If people touch these droplets and then touch their own noses or mouths they can become infected. The incubation period (time from contact to the appearance of symptoms) is 9 to 10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centr ...
common_infectious_diseses
... Malaria is caused by the protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. African Sleeping Sickness is caused by the protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelis burgdorferi. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Strep Throat/Scarlet Fever is caused by t ...
... Malaria is caused by the protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. African Sleeping Sickness is caused by the protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelis burgdorferi. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Strep Throat/Scarlet Fever is caused by t ...
Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious
... Malaria is caused by the protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. African Sleeping Sickness is caused by the protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelis burgdorferi. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Strep Throat/Scarlet Fever is caused by t ...
... Malaria is caused by the protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. African Sleeping Sickness is caused by the protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelis burgdorferi. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Strep Throat/Scarlet Fever is caused by t ...
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.