Theories on Varicella Zoster Virus Reactivation
... the equator, i.e. tropical regions, the sun’s rays arrive almost perpendicular to them, thus higher levels of radiation. Near the poles, i.e. temperate regions, the angle of the sun’s rays spreads them out over a much greater area, providing less energy per unit of area (Raven et al. 2005).) He posi ...
... the equator, i.e. tropical regions, the sun’s rays arrive almost perpendicular to them, thus higher levels of radiation. Near the poles, i.e. temperate regions, the angle of the sun’s rays spreads them out over a much greater area, providing less energy per unit of area (Raven et al. 2005).) He posi ...
Chapter 2.2.3.
... 2.2.4. Target organs and infected tissue IHHNV infects and has been shown to replicate (using in situ hybridisation [ISH] with specific DNA probes) in tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin from the embryo. Thus, the principal target organs include: the gills, cuticular epithelium (or hypodermi ...
... 2.2.4. Target organs and infected tissue IHHNV infects and has been shown to replicate (using in situ hybridisation [ISH] with specific DNA probes) in tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin from the embryo. Thus, the principal target organs include: the gills, cuticular epithelium (or hypodermi ...
Foodborne Viruses Research Conference
... In a virus challenge study, half of all volunteers who were first challenged with Norwalk virus (now referred to as norovirus) experienced clinical illness. Upon exposure to Norwalk virus for a second time 28-42 months later these same individuals went on to experience clinical illness. Interestingl ...
... In a virus challenge study, half of all volunteers who were first challenged with Norwalk virus (now referred to as norovirus) experienced clinical illness. Upon exposure to Norwalk virus for a second time 28-42 months later these same individuals went on to experience clinical illness. Interestingl ...
Exploring reasons for non-vaccination against human
... Results: We analysed 1,738 questionnaires. Main barriers were fear of adverse events (reported by 80% of families), lack of trust in a new vaccine (76%), discordant information received by health professionals (65%) and scarce information on HPV vaccination (54%). Overall, 54% of families replied co ...
... Results: We analysed 1,738 questionnaires. Main barriers were fear of adverse events (reported by 80% of families), lack of trust in a new vaccine (76%), discordant information received by health professionals (65%) and scarce information on HPV vaccination (54%). Overall, 54% of families replied co ...
bacterial/viral/parasitic/fungal infection research project
... research through a group illustrated comic strip. You are not limited to a classic comic strip, you can choose instead to create a book, a computer animation sequence, or other model that fits within the guidelines of a sequenced, illustrated story of how the infection works. Be creative, have fun, ...
... research through a group illustrated comic strip. You are not limited to a classic comic strip, you can choose instead to create a book, a computer animation sequence, or other model that fits within the guidelines of a sequenced, illustrated story of how the infection works. Be creative, have fun, ...
Synthesis of empty african horse sickness virus particles
... virus vaccines have motivated efforts to develop alter-native safe and efficacious vaccines. Over the years, vaccines based on baculovirus-expressed AHSV capsid proteins (Mart´nezTorrecuadrada et al., 1994; Roy et al., 1996; Scanlen et al., 2002), DNA vaccines (Romito et al., 1999) and vaccines base ...
... virus vaccines have motivated efforts to develop alter-native safe and efficacious vaccines. Over the years, vaccines based on baculovirus-expressed AHSV capsid proteins (Mart´nezTorrecuadrada et al., 1994; Roy et al., 1996; Scanlen et al., 2002), DNA vaccines (Romito et al., 1999) and vaccines base ...
Update on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
... HIV-infected pregnant women (to prevent transmission to the infant); and for asymptomatic patients who have a CD4 cell count ,350/mm3. Furthermore, these guidelines suggest therapy should be considered when the CD4 cell count is ,500/mm3 [49]. HIV/AIDS ...
... HIV-infected pregnant women (to prevent transmission to the infant); and for asymptomatic patients who have a CD4 cell count ,350/mm3. Furthermore, these guidelines suggest therapy should be considered when the CD4 cell count is ,500/mm3 [49]. HIV/AIDS ...
Single mutations in the transmembrane envelope protein abrogate
... The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a complex disease characterised by a severe immunosuppression on the one hand and an activation of immune cells on the other. The mechanism by which HIV-1 induces the immunodeficiency is still unclear, but it was shown that progression to AIDS correla ...
... The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a complex disease characterised by a severe immunosuppression on the one hand and an activation of immune cells on the other. The mechanism by which HIV-1 induces the immunodeficiency is still unclear, but it was shown that progression to AIDS correla ...
Tetherin-Driven Adaptation of Vpu and Nef Function and the
... analyzed a large panel of HIV-1 and SIV vpu alleles (Table S1 available online). Our collection included Vpu constructs from 26 strains of HIV-1 group M, 11 strains of HIV-1 O, 3 strains of HIV-1 N, 6 strains of SIVcpzPtt from central chimpanzees (CPZ), 4 strains of SIVcpzPts from eastern chimpanzee ...
... analyzed a large panel of HIV-1 and SIV vpu alleles (Table S1 available online). Our collection included Vpu constructs from 26 strains of HIV-1 group M, 11 strains of HIV-1 O, 3 strains of HIV-1 N, 6 strains of SIVcpzPtt from central chimpanzees (CPZ), 4 strains of SIVcpzPts from eastern chimpanzee ...
Genomic and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of infectious bronchitis coronavirus Celia Abolnik
... which is where closely-related stains (>95% amino acid identity) also differ (Bijlenga et al., 2004; Farsang et al., 2002). Cavanagh (2007) proposed that these parts of the S1 subunit are very tolerant of amino acid changes, conferring a selective advantage. Recently, the receptorbinding domain of t ...
... which is where closely-related stains (>95% amino acid identity) also differ (Bijlenga et al., 2004; Farsang et al., 2002). Cavanagh (2007) proposed that these parts of the S1 subunit are very tolerant of amino acid changes, conferring a selective advantage. Recently, the receptorbinding domain of t ...
Modelling the impact of co-circulating low pathogenic avian
... have contributed to the growing evidence that temporary nonspecific innate immune responses may lead to interference among influenza viruses (Laurie et al., 2015). In the case of antigenically similar variants of a pathogen such as LPAI and HPAI, interference may similarly manifest at the host scale t ...
... have contributed to the growing evidence that temporary nonspecific innate immune responses may lead to interference among influenza viruses (Laurie et al., 2015). In the case of antigenically similar variants of a pathogen such as LPAI and HPAI, interference may similarly manifest at the host scale t ...
Virion-associated cholesterol is critical for the
... the infectivity of CD-treated virus in a MT2 cell line [37]. MT2 cells were maintained in RF10 [RPMI1640 (Gibco/BRL) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mmol/l L-glutamine and 24 g/ml gentamicin]. HIV-1, with a luciferase reporter gene in place of the nef gene coding sequence within ...
... the infectivity of CD-treated virus in a MT2 cell line [37]. MT2 cells were maintained in RF10 [RPMI1640 (Gibco/BRL) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mmol/l L-glutamine and 24 g/ml gentamicin]. HIV-1, with a luciferase reporter gene in place of the nef gene coding sequence within ...
Hepatitis A Vaccine Recommendations
... Since licensure in 1995 of a hepatitis A vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics have been implementing an incremental hepatitis A immunization strategy for children. In 1996, children living in populations with the highest rates of disease were ...
... Since licensure in 1995 of a hepatitis A vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics have been implementing an incremental hepatitis A immunization strategy for children. In 1996, children living in populations with the highest rates of disease were ...
1 - WHO archives
... with increasing age.3,4 Prevalence studies have shown that women are infected with HSV2 much earlier in life and that they have more episodes of disease than men. The disparity could be due to women being more biologically susceptible or younger females seeking sexual partners among older males who ...
... with increasing age.3,4 Prevalence studies have shown that women are infected with HSV2 much earlier in life and that they have more episodes of disease than men. The disparity could be due to women being more biologically susceptible or younger females seeking sexual partners among older males who ...
edward jenner - Cambridge University Press
... Although we now know this view to be erroneous, we must still explain the results of his experiments. A clue to the answer to our problem is to be found in Dixon's recent text on smallpox. In discussing the infectivity of scab virus he writes: '. . . in practise scab virus seems to lack epidemic pot ...
... Although we now know this view to be erroneous, we must still explain the results of his experiments. A clue to the answer to our problem is to be found in Dixon's recent text on smallpox. In discussing the infectivity of scab virus he writes: '. . . in practise scab virus seems to lack epidemic pot ...
edward jenner - Cambridge University Press
... Although we now know this view to be erroneous, we must still explain the results of his experiments. A clue to the answer to our problem is to be found in Dixon's recent text on smallpox. In discussing the infectivity of scab virus he writes: '. . . in practise scab virus seems to lack epidemic pot ...
... Although we now know this view to be erroneous, we must still explain the results of his experiments. A clue to the answer to our problem is to be found in Dixon's recent text on smallpox. In discussing the infectivity of scab virus he writes: '. . . in practise scab virus seems to lack epidemic pot ...
4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology 4.7.2 Clinical features 4.7.3
... 4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The influenza viruses are single-stranded RNA orthomyxoviruses. They are classified antigenically as types A, B or C, but generally only influenza A and B cause severe disease in humans.1 Influenza viruses possess two surface glycoprotein antigens: the haemagglutinin (H) ...
... 4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The influenza viruses are single-stranded RNA orthomyxoviruses. They are classified antigenically as types A, B or C, but generally only influenza A and B cause severe disease in humans.1 Influenza viruses possess two surface glycoprotein antigens: the haemagglutinin (H) ...
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS: IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
... importance associated with losses from production inefficiencies and mortality. Live and inactivated oil emulsion vaccines have been used in IB immunization programs. Although commercial live vaccines have been attenuated, respiratory reactions are commonly observed after vaccination. Replication of ...
... importance associated with losses from production inefficiencies and mortality. Live and inactivated oil emulsion vaccines have been used in IB immunization programs. Although commercial live vaccines have been attenuated, respiratory reactions are commonly observed after vaccination. Replication of ...
Fungal viruses, hypovirulence, and biological control of Sclerotinia
... Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can reproduce asexually by production of sclerotia or sexually through self-fertilization and production of apothecia and ascospores. This results in a largely clonal population structure with occasional genetic exchange and recombination (Kohli and Kohn 1998). Clonal divers ...
... Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can reproduce asexually by production of sclerotia or sexually through self-fertilization and production of apothecia and ascospores. This results in a largely clonal population structure with occasional genetic exchange and recombination (Kohli and Kohn 1998). Clonal divers ...
Bluetongue: a review
... ruminants (Zientara et al., 2010). The worldwide economic losses due to bluetongue have not been expressed in exact numbers, but the estimate is 3 billion US$ a year (Tabachnick, 1996). The losses are both direct (death, abortions, weight loss or reduced milk yield and meat efficiency) and, what is ...
... ruminants (Zientara et al., 2010). The worldwide economic losses due to bluetongue have not been expressed in exact numbers, but the estimate is 3 billion US$ a year (Tabachnick, 1996). The losses are both direct (death, abortions, weight loss or reduced milk yield and meat efficiency) and, what is ...
Quantitative Correlation between Infectivity and Gp120 Density on
... and labeling of a Fab fragment from the monoclonal antibody VRC01, which binds to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on gp120 with high affinity and potently neutralizes 91% of all major circulating HIV-1 isolates (12). This binding does not induce gp120 shedding (16) (Fig. 2), which is in contrast to sol ...
... and labeling of a Fab fragment from the monoclonal antibody VRC01, which binds to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on gp120 with high affinity and potently neutralizes 91% of all major circulating HIV-1 isolates (12). This binding does not induce gp120 shedding (16) (Fig. 2), which is in contrast to sol ...
Infectious salmon anaemia virus
... salmonicida (disease: cold water vibriosis). The dispute about the causes of "Hitra disease" goes back to the end of the seventies, and later studies have indicated that the reason for the disagreement was probably that "Hitra disease" encompassed at least three different diseases: cold water vibrio ...
... salmonicida (disease: cold water vibriosis). The dispute about the causes of "Hitra disease" goes back to the end of the seventies, and later studies have indicated that the reason for the disagreement was probably that "Hitra disease" encompassed at least three different diseases: cold water vibrio ...
European orientation towards the Better
... • There is a paucity of reliable epidemiological data on hepatitis B. European-wide surveillance of hepatitis B is urgently needed to gain a better understanding of its changing epidemiology and identify the most effective ways to contain the disease. • Treatment options exist that may improve pati ...
... • There is a paucity of reliable epidemiological data on hepatitis B. European-wide surveillance of hepatitis B is urgently needed to gain a better understanding of its changing epidemiology and identify the most effective ways to contain the disease. • Treatment options exist that may improve pati ...
2015 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC TEST KITS AND REAGENTS
... VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit is a competitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum samples. It is intended to provide results that will give guidance about the presence of Anaplasma infection in bovine species. Sens ...
... VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit is a competitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum samples. It is intended to provide results that will give guidance about the presence of Anaplasma infection in bovine species. Sens ...
human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing
... For prognosis including anti-retroviral therapy monitoring, regular, periodic measurements are appropriate. The frequency of viral load testing should be consistent with the most current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for use of anti-retroviral agents in adults and adolescents ...
... For prognosis including anti-retroviral therapy monitoring, regular, periodic measurements are appropriate. The frequency of viral load testing should be consistent with the most current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for use of anti-retroviral agents in adults and adolescents ...