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EcoCyc: Encyclopedia of Escherichia coli genes and metabolism
EcoCyc: Encyclopedia of Escherichia coli genes and metabolism

... THE EcoCyc DATA The EcoCyc data are stored within a frame knowledge representation system (FRS) called Ocelot. FRSs use an object-oriented data model. FRSs organize information within classes: collections of objects that share similar properties and attributes. Table 2 shows the current size of seve ...
The Evolution of Populations AP Biology Notes I. Overview: The Sma
The Evolution of Populations AP Biology Notes I. Overview: The Sma

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for non-ST
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for non-ST

... prescribed since it is not yet available in Malta. These patients were prescribed clopidogrel instead. Ticagrelor is recommended in favour of clopidogrel for all patients at moderate-high risk of ischaemic events.1 In the PLATO trial, ticagrelor markedly reduced death rates from vascular causes, myo ...
Outline of Topics—Mendelian Genetics
Outline of Topics—Mendelian Genetics

... Explain how the Chromosome theory of inheritance can be used to explain Mendel’s two theories Segregation and Independent assortment. (You may draw a diagram to help with your explanation). Explain how the distance between two gene loci ON THE SAME CHROMOSOME affects genetic linkage ...
Mutation
Mutation

... How can migration effect genetic diversity? The genetic impact of migration depends on the proportion of alleles contributed by immigrants and on the difference in frequency between the native population and the immigrants ...
gart nicholson
gart nicholson

... weight) is given for a period of 6 months: 100 lbs. or less, 1-2 mg/LB per day divided into two doses; weight over 100 lbs use adult dose of 200 mg/day (100 mg in morning and 100 mg at night). After 6 months, 6 week cycles are suggested (2-weeks in-between). Use in children under 8 years is not reco ...
Inadvertent Mix-Up of Morphine and Hydromorphone
Inadvertent Mix-Up of Morphine and Hydromorphone

unit 5h.1 5b.4 genetics evolution genes alleles
unit 5h.1 5b.4 genetics evolution genes alleles

... gene expression creating numerous phenotypes. ...
Clinical mathematics review - College of Health Professions
Clinical mathematics review - College of Health Professions

... vecuronium 7 mg, rocuronium 42 mg, cis-atracurium 14 mg, and pancuronium 7 mg. (Of course you would modify these doses based on body habitus and past history.) Remember "same as…" doses. For example, vecuronium and pancuronium. Or similar doses like the pair esmolol (bolus 0.5 mg/kg) and rocuronium ...
Gene-Hunting in ALS and Related Disorders
Gene-Hunting in ALS and Related Disorders

... But such studies are unable to detect genes with the weakest, but still significant, effects. Nor can they detect the combined effect of multiple weak genes. For that, researchers need to pool data from many thousands of people with ALS, to amplify the weakest genetic “signals” so they rise above t ...
Urine Drug Testing Clinical Practice in The Art
Urine Drug Testing Clinical Practice in The Art

... may be particularly useful to quickly evaluate new patients for abuse of illegal drugs. Many of these test systems are waived under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), and can be performed without routine regulatory oversight under a Certificate of Waiver* from the Centers ...
Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance

... We can study one of the characteristics Gregor Mendel used in his experiments. He studied the size of pea plants and found that ‘tall’ is dominant over ‘short’. If we start the experiment with 2 pure breeding (homozygous) plants of contrasting traits (tall and short), we will obtain an F1 (First Fil ...
Class Exercise: Relationship between organismal performance and
Class Exercise: Relationship between organismal performance and

... Selection -- the fact that certain genotypes (combinations of alleles within individuals) have a relatively higher chance of survivorship or fecundity than other genotypes, or higher fitness. It is important to remember that fitness is a combined result of the genotype’s phenotypic expression and th ...
1435grading1400 - EM
1435grading1400 - EM

... electronically according to the instructions that will be distributed via email. This homework explores the role of screening studies in promoting the accuracy of the process of identifying and quantifying risk factors for disease. The goal of the drug approval process should be 1. To have a low pro ...
Lecture 7 Bio3124 - University of Ottawa
Lecture 7 Bio3124 - University of Ottawa

... PBP locked in hemi-acyl reaction on antibiotic PBP catalyzes transpeptidation reaction ...
Continued Use of Illicit Substances: A Retention Based
Continued Use of Illicit Substances: A Retention Based

... pharmacokinetic properties of these medications. Drugs that inhibit or induce this system can cause clinically significant increases or decreases, respectively, in serum and tissue levels of opioid medications. ...
Effects of Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Inhibitors of
Effects of Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Inhibitors of

... may be restricted to conventional doses; monotherapy may be equally effective if ...
The strategies of treatment of atrial fibrillation in the elderly
The strategies of treatment of atrial fibrillation in the elderly

... heart failure so it is not recommended for use in AF patients with cardiac insufficiency (2). As distinct from rhythm control, there are several groups of drugs able to control the heart rate. β-blockers, e.g. carvedilol or metoprolol, are recommended for the treatment of cardiac insufficiency becau ...
Drug Profiles, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability
Drug Profiles, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability

... • Open-treatment series have shown that gradual rufinamide titration with increases every 5 to 7 days, along with reductions in ineffective concomitant AEDs, may reduce AEs seen during titration in clinical trials, such as somnolence and dizziness Krauss GL, et al. Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Pr ...
Antimicrobial Medications
Antimicrobial Medications

...  Gram-positive AND Gram-negative  Disadvantage of broad spectrum is disruption of normal flora ...
5.1.2 Variation Part 1
5.1.2 Variation Part 1

... e) Describe the interactions between loci (epistasis). (Production of genetic diagrams is not required) f) Predict phenotypic ratios in problems involving epistasis g) Use the chi-squared (χ2) test to test the significance of the difference between observed and expected results. (The formula for the ...
Acute Hallucinations
Acute Hallucinations

... An eHealthMe study from FDA reports noted that of the 75,743 people reporting side effects when taking Norvasc, 389 people reported hallucinations. Of those that had hallucinations, 83.53% were over 60 years of age. The report noted that the numbers were ...
GENETICS
GENETICS

... 6. To determine the genotype of an individual that shows the dominant phenotype, you would cross that individual with one that is: A. heterozygous dominant B. homozygous recessive C. homozygous dominant D. heterozygous recessive 7. An organism that is homozygous dominant for a flower color would hav ...
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

... HW Model Second Prediction  Allele ...
Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication
Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication

... steps and was phase 1 of the study. First, we identified literature published since January 1994 in English, describing or analyzing medication use in community-living (ambulatory) older adults and older adults living in nursing homes. From that, we created a table and bibliography. We used MEDLINE, ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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