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Additional File 2
Additional File 2

... population of the initial cross, with AJ) involves generating 12000 and 600 haploid individuals for the strains AS-30CQ and AS-15MF, respectively (values generated from estimated oocyst numbers in dissected mosquitoes). The simulated recombinant haplotypes are generated using genetic maps which are ...
Format of text file used for saving patients` details (only needs to be
Format of text file used for saving patients` details (only needs to be

... The program assumes that there is a gene predisposing to breast cancer in addition to the BRCA genes. The woman's family history is used to calculate the likelihood of her carrying an adverse gene, which in turn affects her likelihood of developing breast cancer. The risks of developing breast cance ...
A Mathematical Model for Solving Four Point Test Cross in Genetics
A Mathematical Model for Solving Four Point Test Cross in Genetics

... A gene is a hereditary factor [5] that had two or more alleles which determined the difference between two or more alternative phenotypes. Different genes controlled different aspects of phenotype. Different genes could be separated by recombination. So gene is the unit of recombination also. These ...
Ch21--Measuring Evolutionary Change v2015
Ch21--Measuring Evolutionary Change v2015

...  damage to organs ...
Lecture 041--Measuring Evolutionary Change
Lecture 041--Measuring Evolutionary Change

Common Gardens
Common Gardens

... • Fertility – number of offspring produced ...
Basic Sheep Genetics - UK College of Agriculture
Basic Sheep Genetics - UK College of Agriculture

... is also one quarter. A lamb with the genotype Ww may be produced in one of two ways. A lamb will be heterozygous white-wooled if the sperm carries the W gene and the egg carries the w gene (which, using the first probability rule, will occur ½ × ½ = ¼ of the time) or if the sperm carries the w gen ...
Basic Overview of Preclinical Toxicology Animal Models
Basic Overview of Preclinical Toxicology Animal Models

... • The problem with rats and mice is that tissues of the rat and mouse are not permissive for human adenovirus replication. Therefore, it is not possible to assess the possible adverse effects associated with replication of the vector in non-tumor tissue. • The only two known small animal models that ...
Slide 1 - VUNeo.Org
Slide 1 - VUNeo.Org

... Based on a prospective cohort study in children (n=319) the average dose required of Warfarin to achieve an INR 2-3 was the following: • Infants average dose warfarin 0.33mg/kg/day. • Children (age 1-13) average dose warfarin 0.14mg/kg/day. • Teenagers (age 13-18) average dose warfarin 0.09mg/kg/day ...
Chapter_034 - CESA 10 Moodle
Chapter_034 - CESA 10 Moodle

... • Phenotype—manner in which genotype is expressed; how an individual looks as a result of genotype • Carrier—person who possesses the gene for a recessive trait but does not exhibit the trait Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc. ...
CHAPTER 2 - MENDELIAN ANALYSIS I. MENDEL`S LIFE A. Born
CHAPTER 2 - MENDELIAN ANALYSIS I. MENDEL`S LIFE A. Born

... • gene = the physical unit of heredity allowing information transfer from one generation to the next (i.e. the seed color gene) • allele = one of two or more alternate forms of a gene (i.e. Y and y are alleles of the gene coding for the seed colors yellow and green, respectively) • genotype = the sp ...
Unit 10 Powerpoint
Unit 10 Powerpoint

... phenotype purple flowers  a homozygous recessive individual has genotype pp, and phenotype white flowers  a heterozygous individual has genotype Pp, and phenotype ...
Extension of Mendelian Genetics
Extension of Mendelian Genetics

... • Some lethal alleles exert their effect later in life – Huntington disease • Characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system, dementia and early death • The age of onset of the disease is usually between 30 to 50 ...
Camptosar - DavisPlus
Camptosar - DavisPlus

... may be used on subsequent days but may increase risk of akathisia if given on the same day as irinotecan. Assess IV site frequently for inflammation. Avoid extravasation. If extravasation occurs, infusion must be stopped and restarted in another vein to avoid damage to subcut tissue. Flushing site w ...
Drugs used in the management of hyperlipidemia
Drugs used in the management of hyperlipidemia

... arteries which can reduce or obstruct blood flow. The pathogenesis of atheriosclerosis is, as yet, far from completely elucidated and, indeed, within the LDL particles themselves, there is a structural heterogeneity. Approximately fifteen sub-fractions have been isolated so far, presenting differing ...
Herbals and Anesthes..
Herbals and Anesthes..

... The American Cancer Society (ACS) advises the public to be cautious of dietary supplements: Don't depend on promoters -- promises, or on people's stories of success. Learn as much as you can from reputable, expert sources about any herbal remedy you consider taking, and about its possible benefits o ...
Genes, Alleles, and Traits (recovered)
Genes, Alleles, and Traits (recovered)

... individual whereas phenotype refers to all the observable characteristics that make up the individual. For example, a trait in the offspring could be dark hair. Specific genes determine hereditary traits. A gene specifies a single inherited characteristic. There are genes for height, weight, eye col ...
Common Drugs of Abuse
Common Drugs of Abuse

... increase the risk of injury or death from drugged driving or infectious diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS, hepatitis) from unsafe sexual practices or needle sharing. Drug use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal abstinence syndrome, a condition in which a baby can suffer from dependence and withdrawal sympt ...
TRILEPTIN (oxcarbazepine) 300 mg, 600 mg Film
TRILEPTIN (oxcarbazepine) 300 mg, 600 mg Film

... twice as high as the allele frequency. Therefore, the percentage of patients who may be at risk is nearly twice the allele frequency. Testing for the presence of the HLA-B*1502 allele should be considered in patients with ancestry in genetically at-risk populations prior to initiating treatment with ...
The Title of the Article
The Title of the Article

... the RANK (a.k.a. TNFRSF11)-TNFR2 (a.k.a. TNFRSF1B) interaction in the osteoporosis study, where TNFRSF1B and TNFRSF8 are adjacent in the genome. In this case, the authors of the previous study did not find significant evidence for a genetic interaction. However, all three genes refer to keyword “mar ...
IntGen pathway Design (2)
IntGen pathway Design (2)

... A 9 ratio must include at least 1 dominant allele of both genes. A 3 ratio has at least one dominant allele for one gene and only recessive alleles for the other. A 1 ratio must be homozygous recessive for both genes A and B. A 12 ratio must include at least one dominant allele of one gene and any a ...
alleles and punnett square notesBLANK
alleles and punnett square notesBLANK

... allele from another parent, their genotype will equal=Bb. This is heterozygous because the alleles are different. The brown allele will dominate and show up as the trait on the organism, while hiding the recessive blue allele. Therefor the phenotype will be brown. ...
Accepted Manuscript
Accepted Manuscript

... damaging. These facts suggest a pathogenic role, supported by reduced MAF. However, the VCL gene encodes the vinculin protein, a structural protein that induces structural alterations in myocardium diseases, such as HCM and DCM [23]. However, no anatomical signs of structural disease were observed i ...
Human adaptation to altitude in the Andes
Human adaptation to altitude in the Andes

... a unique and extremely adapted phenotype in human highaltitude populations, this scenario seems unlikely. However, the appearance of new alleles is not a prerequisite for adaptation. There is substantial genetic variability in humans. Extensive sequencing of the human genome indicates that between t ...
CME GP`s Auckland and Northland, 17 October 2009, Omapere
CME GP`s Auckland and Northland, 17 October 2009, Omapere

... surrogate marker for developing atherosclerosis • Fundi !! ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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