High-coherence mid-infrared frequency comb
... QCL radiation to be compared with the OFCS in the near-infrared (NIR) region [20, 21]. Another possibility consists in directly transferring the OFCS spectrum to the MIR region (MIRcomb). Actually, a hybrid DFG-MIR-comb, mixing a CW NIR fiber laser with an amplified NIR fiber-based OFCS, was one of ...
... QCL radiation to be compared with the OFCS in the near-infrared (NIR) region [20, 21]. Another possibility consists in directly transferring the OFCS spectrum to the MIR region (MIRcomb). Actually, a hybrid DFG-MIR-comb, mixing a CW NIR fiber laser with an amplified NIR fiber-based OFCS, was one of ...
P5: EDFA and Measurement Techniques Chair for Communications Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werner Rosenkranz
... Fiber amplifiers make use of rare-earth elements as a gain medium by doping the fiber core during the manufacturing process. Amplifier properties such as the operating wavelength and the gain bandwidth are determined by the dopants rather than by the silica fiber, which plays the role of a host medi ...
... Fiber amplifiers make use of rare-earth elements as a gain medium by doping the fiber core during the manufacturing process. Amplifier properties such as the operating wavelength and the gain bandwidth are determined by the dopants rather than by the silica fiber, which plays the role of a host medi ...
Build Your Own Optical Heart
... that rejects ambient optical and electrical noise (mostly 60-Hz pickup) and presents a cleaned-up signal to comparator A2 so that it can extract a digital pulse-rate signal. A2’s TTL/CMOS-compatible output is suitable for direct input to a digital period-measurement circuit, and for such application ...
... that rejects ambient optical and electrical noise (mostly 60-Hz pickup) and presents a cleaned-up signal to comparator A2 so that it can extract a digital pulse-rate signal. A2’s TTL/CMOS-compatible output is suitable for direct input to a digital period-measurement circuit, and for such application ...
O A
... A fundamental analysis done by T. Komine and M. Nakagawa on visible light communication come to conclusion that visible light communication is expected to be the indoor wireless communication of the next generation due to the possibility of transmitting high data rate (Komine, 2004; Tanaka, 2001). I ...
... A fundamental analysis done by T. Komine and M. Nakagawa on visible light communication come to conclusion that visible light communication is expected to be the indoor wireless communication of the next generation due to the possibility of transmitting high data rate (Komine, 2004; Tanaka, 2001). I ...
Levels of Difficulty - IFSC-USP
... source as shown in the diagram at right. (Assign an index number to each LED for future reference. NOTE: the long lead of an LED is the positive lead. Do not exceed 40 mA because excess current will burn out the LEDs) LEDs Increase the current until all the LEDs glow noticeably, but no more. Measure ...
... source as shown in the diagram at right. (Assign an index number to each LED for future reference. NOTE: the long lead of an LED is the positive lead. Do not exceed 40 mA because excess current will burn out the LEDs) LEDs Increase the current until all the LEDs glow noticeably, but no more. Measure ...
91.9 Definition of optical parameters and measurement methods
... Bessel-Thomson receiver response with fr = 0.75 * bitRate, and where the relative response vs. relative frequency is defined in ITU-T G.957, Table B.2 (STM-16 values), along with the allowed tolerances for its physical implementation. NOTE 1 – This Bessel-Thomson filter is not intended to represent ...
... Bessel-Thomson receiver response with fr = 0.75 * bitRate, and where the relative response vs. relative frequency is defined in ITU-T G.957, Table B.2 (STM-16 values), along with the allowed tolerances for its physical implementation. NOTE 1 – This Bessel-Thomson filter is not intended to represent ...
MW-1000OT-10MT
... level equals the value listed in Table below: (the suggested monitoring frequency is 543.25MHz) Also you can set the “ALC/MGC Switch” to “ALC” side and do not need any adjustment. (The RF Test Port Level should be maintained on 75-85dBμV). Please note that in this case the laser input level Vi= P√N, ...
... level equals the value listed in Table below: (the suggested monitoring frequency is 543.25MHz) Also you can set the “ALC/MGC Switch” to “ALC” side and do not need any adjustment. (The RF Test Port Level should be maintained on 75-85dBμV). Please note that in this case the laser input level Vi= P√N, ...
"Electrical estimation of conditional probability for maximum-likelihood based PMD mitigation"
... Our numerical simulations are for a 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) transmission system using Gaussian pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50 ps and peak power of 1 mW. To include the effects of inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to all-order PMD, a 1000 km fiber is used, which is modeled ...
... Our numerical simulations are for a 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) transmission system using Gaussian pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50 ps and peak power of 1 mW. To include the effects of inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to all-order PMD, a 1000 km fiber is used, which is modeled ...
Determining Planck`s Constant from the Photoelectric Effect
... Pro press the “Zero” button and select “OK” to zero all sensors. This zeros, or aligns, Logger Pro and the Lab Pro with the sensors. 4. Set the reset/ramp switch on the ramp power supply to the ramp position. This will initiate the ramping of the voltage of the power supply and the taking of the dat ...
... Pro press the “Zero” button and select “OK” to zero all sensors. This zeros, or aligns, Logger Pro and the Lab Pro with the sensors. 4. Set the reset/ramp switch on the ramp power supply to the ramp position. This will initiate the ramping of the voltage of the power supply and the taking of the dat ...
Formula for two-carrier intermodulation distortion
... given by: cm , cm cm , mA, and signal parameters mW, given by: and MHz. For the sake of comparison, equivalent results obtained by numerical solution of (1)–(3) are also depicted, showing, as expected, excellent agreement. As it can be appreciated, both harmonic and intermodulation distortions show ...
... given by: cm , cm cm , mA, and signal parameters mW, given by: and MHz. For the sake of comparison, equivalent results obtained by numerical solution of (1)–(3) are also depicted, showing, as expected, excellent agreement. As it can be appreciated, both harmonic and intermodulation distortions show ...
IV: Determining Planck`s Constant from the Photoelectric Effect
... Pro press the “Zero” button and select “OK” to zero all sensors. This zeros, or aligns, Logger Pro and the Lab Pro with the sensors. 4. Set the reset/ramp switch on the ramp power supply to the ramp position. This will initiate the ramping of the voltage of the power supply and the taking of the dat ...
... Pro press the “Zero” button and select “OK” to zero all sensors. This zeros, or aligns, Logger Pro and the Lab Pro with the sensors. 4. Set the reset/ramp switch on the ramp power supply to the ramp position. This will initiate the ramping of the voltage of the power supply and the taking of the dat ...
CHA2293
... The CHA2293 is a high gain four-stage monolithic low noise amplifier with variable gain. It is designed for a wide range of applications, from military to commercial communication systems.The backside of the chip is both RF and DC grounded. This helps simplify the assembly process. The circuit is ma ...
... The CHA2293 is a high gain four-stage monolithic low noise amplifier with variable gain. It is designed for a wide range of applications, from military to commercial communication systems.The backside of the chip is both RF and DC grounded. This helps simplify the assembly process. The circuit is ma ...
Circuit Note
... The green spectrum of light is mainly reflected by the leaves, and the red and blue spectrum is absorbed and used in photosynthesis. Given this data, light detection circuits can be designed to measure light intensities over the wavelengths that are utilized by plants and the light sources optimized ...
... The green spectrum of light is mainly reflected by the leaves, and the red and blue spectrum is absorbed and used in photosynthesis. Given this data, light detection circuits can be designed to measure light intensities over the wavelengths that are utilized by plants and the light sources optimized ...
Abstract - Stanford EE
... optical fiber. In practical systems using non-zero-dispersion fiber, dispersion tends to convert phase/frequency modulation to intensity modulation [2][4]. Fiber dispersion must be compensated carefully to maintain constant intensity. As in [1], we implicitly assume that coherent detection is used. ...
... optical fiber. In practical systems using non-zero-dispersion fiber, dispersion tends to convert phase/frequency modulation to intensity modulation [2][4]. Fiber dispersion must be compensated carefully to maintain constant intensity. As in [1], we implicitly assume that coherent detection is used. ...
A precision current source designed to fit every budget.
... circuit, which allows current adjustment without overdriving. This allows the current limit to be safely set, even while the unit is actively driving a laser at a lower current level, which is independent of the output compliance voltage. ...
... circuit, which allows current adjustment without overdriving. This allows the current limit to be safely set, even while the unit is actively driving a laser at a lower current level, which is independent of the output compliance voltage. ...
Aluminum Nitride Ultraviolet Light-emitting Diode with the Shortest
... predicted that an AlN light-emitting device would emit ultraviolet light with the shortest possible wavelength for semiconductors. NTT Laboratories have developed technologies for fabricating high-purity AlN crystals and have succeeded in p-type and ntype doping of this material, which is essential ...
... predicted that an AlN light-emitting device would emit ultraviolet light with the shortest possible wavelength for semiconductors. NTT Laboratories have developed technologies for fabricating high-purity AlN crystals and have succeeded in p-type and ntype doping of this material, which is essential ...
FOC-Power-Penalty
... source. The speckles would vanish if the modal delay is much larger than coherence time reducing the modal noise. ...
... source. The speckles would vanish if the modal delay is much larger than coherence time reducing the modal noise. ...
Quantum electronics Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964
... obstacles for the creation of quantum devices considerably earlier, for instance, in the period of 1930-1940? In order to try to answer these questions I should like to say some words about the bases on which quantum electronics is founded. As I have already noted, the phenomenon of an induced radia ...
... obstacles for the creation of quantum devices considerably earlier, for instance, in the period of 1930-1940? In order to try to answer these questions I should like to say some words about the bases on which quantum electronics is founded. As I have already noted, the phenomenon of an induced radia ...
An Analog Bionic Ear Processor with Zero-Crossing Detection
... the 16 spectral channels, a zero-crossing detection circuit that reports zero crossings in each channel with 10µs precision (at 10kHz) and almost no power overhead, and active fourth-order programmable bandpass filters that sharpen filter bandwidths. In addition, biasing, distribution, and calibrati ...
... the 16 spectral channels, a zero-crossing detection circuit that reports zero crossings in each channel with 10µs precision (at 10kHz) and almost no power overhead, and active fourth-order programmable bandpass filters that sharpen filter bandwidths. In addition, biasing, distribution, and calibrati ...
CHA2092b
... The CHA2092 is a high gain broadband threestage monolithic low noise amplifier. It is designed for a wide range of applications, from military to commercial communication systems. The backside of the chip is both RF and DC ground. This helps simplify the assembly process. Self biasing technique is i ...
... The CHA2092 is a high gain broadband threestage monolithic low noise amplifier. It is designed for a wide range of applications, from military to commercial communication systems. The backside of the chip is both RF and DC ground. This helps simplify the assembly process. Self biasing technique is i ...
Polarimetry: Optical Rotation
... rotation in Equation 7 is accurate to within about 1% in the range of 0° to 15°. Equation 6 can be used for more accurate calculation. Finally, there is a well established sign convention for optical rotation of chiral materials. When building a polarimeter, one should use a known sample to calibrat ...
... rotation in Equation 7 is accurate to within about 1% in the range of 0° to 15°. Equation 6 can be used for more accurate calculation. Finally, there is a well established sign convention for optical rotation of chiral materials. When building a polarimeter, one should use a known sample to calibrat ...
PIN and APD Photodiode characteristics
... Quantum efficiency is defined for photodiodes as the fraction of incident photons having sufficient energy to liberate electrons. The symbol used is R and by definition it is dependent both on wave-length and photodiode material. Responsivity of a photodiode is a practical measure of output current ...
... Quantum efficiency is defined for photodiodes as the fraction of incident photons having sufficient energy to liberate electrons. The symbol used is R and by definition it is dependent both on wave-length and photodiode material. Responsivity of a photodiode is a practical measure of output current ...
Superluminescent diode
A superluminescent diode (SLED or SLD) is an edge-emitting semiconductor light source based on superluminescence. It combines the high power and brightness of laser diodes with the low coherence of conventional light-emitting diodes. Its emission band is 5–100 nm wide.