Gram Positive Infections
... All pathogenic strains form large capsules – major virulence factor. Specific soluble substance (SSS) varies among types. 84 capsular types have been identified Causes pneumonia and otitis media ...
... All pathogenic strains form large capsules – major virulence factor. Specific soluble substance (SSS) varies among types. 84 capsular types have been identified Causes pneumonia and otitis media ...
Clinical Oral Microbiology
... ◦ Exogenous processing of phagocytosed bacteria by macrophages results in presentation of peptide epitopes in the context of MHC-II to TH1 cells. These induce macrophage activation for efficient bacterial killing. ◦ Processing of bacterial antigens by B cells induces TH2 responses and high-affinity ...
... ◦ Exogenous processing of phagocytosed bacteria by macrophages results in presentation of peptide epitopes in the context of MHC-II to TH1 cells. These induce macrophage activation for efficient bacterial killing. ◦ Processing of bacterial antigens by B cells induces TH2 responses and high-affinity ...
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... newer drugs and antibiotics. It is suggested that the exploration of specimens from new area and habitats have a vital role to play in the possibility of isolating newer strains which are resistance to environmental contaminants. At same time produce newer active compounds that may help in fighting ...
... newer drugs and antibiotics. It is suggested that the exploration of specimens from new area and habitats have a vital role to play in the possibility of isolating newer strains which are resistance to environmental contaminants. At same time produce newer active compounds that may help in fighting ...
Defence system - Physics Teacher
... At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Explain why organisms need to sense and respond to environmental changes 2. Name our two main lines of Defence 3. List the parts of the body involved in the the general defence system 4. Say what a mucous membrane is 5. Say why the skin i ...
... At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Explain why organisms need to sense and respond to environmental changes 2. Name our two main lines of Defence 3. List the parts of the body involved in the the general defence system 4. Say what a mucous membrane is 5. Say why the skin i ...
Vie Milieu
... they have independently co-evolved similar mechanisms. Deciphering similar infection mechanisms is also relevant to understanding how organisms can adapt to a specific host environment rapidly, and whether mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer has some influence on the chimeric nature of such ...
... they have independently co-evolved similar mechanisms. Deciphering similar infection mechanisms is also relevant to understanding how organisms can adapt to a specific host environment rapidly, and whether mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer has some influence on the chimeric nature of such ...
lecture 2
... acid, or hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of both are commercially available. The energy used is either microwave frequency or radio-frequency. ...
... acid, or hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of both are commercially available. The energy used is either microwave frequency or radio-frequency. ...
Bacterial_Pathogensis_Impetigo
... • 2. There is a 2 step cooperative action between fibronectin and M protein: • The S. pyogenes cell wall protein, Fibronectin receptor (F1)1 forms a strong, irreversible interaction with host epithelial cell adhesion receptor, fibronectin-binding integrin (binds amino portion of integrin) • M61 bind ...
... • 2. There is a 2 step cooperative action between fibronectin and M protein: • The S. pyogenes cell wall protein, Fibronectin receptor (F1)1 forms a strong, irreversible interaction with host epithelial cell adhesion receptor, fibronectin-binding integrin (binds amino portion of integrin) • M61 bind ...
Ulcers – A Microbial Infection - University of Missouri
... Peptic ulcers have long been associated with stress, spicy foods and alcohol consumption. It was thought that these agents caused excess acid production in the stomach leading to irritation of the lining of the stomach and small intestines with the formation of an ulcer. Over the last 15 years it ha ...
... Peptic ulcers have long been associated with stress, spicy foods and alcohol consumption. It was thought that these agents caused excess acid production in the stomach leading to irritation of the lining of the stomach and small intestines with the formation of an ulcer. Over the last 15 years it ha ...
4-Basic Bacteriology-Part-IV
... Skin produces many inhibitory substances that limit bacterial growth such as sweat and certain fatty acids Lysosome that kills bacteria by (by destroying peptidoglycan) is secreted in saliva and tears The mucosa of digestive tract secrete antibodies (IgA) and antibiotic peptides that limits bacteria ...
... Skin produces many inhibitory substances that limit bacterial growth such as sweat and certain fatty acids Lysosome that kills bacteria by (by destroying peptidoglycan) is secreted in saliva and tears The mucosa of digestive tract secrete antibodies (IgA) and antibiotic peptides that limits bacteria ...
Section A revision booklet
... and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria. ...
... and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria. ...
Phase1Prac-Microbio
... Firstly, the human ingests the cyst through a foecal-oral route. This can occur through drinking contaminated water, food or directly handling it. Then it enters the stomach which lowers the pH of its environment. It then changes into an excyst in the duodenum. There is an interaction with the pancr ...
... Firstly, the human ingests the cyst through a foecal-oral route. This can occur through drinking contaminated water, food or directly handling it. Then it enters the stomach which lowers the pH of its environment. It then changes into an excyst in the duodenum. There is an interaction with the pancr ...
F-MICRO SAMENVATTING
... consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protein, and lipoprotein (Figure 4.35a). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and an O‑specific polysaccharide (Figure 4.34). Lipid A of LPS has endotoxin properties, which may cause violent symptoms in humans. Proteins calle ...
... consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protein, and lipoprotein (Figure 4.35a). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and an O‑specific polysaccharide (Figure 4.34). Lipid A of LPS has endotoxin properties, which may cause violent symptoms in humans. Proteins calle ...
Antibiotic Discovery: Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Cells and
... amyloid fibers and extracellular DNA (eDNA) [8,24,25]. These aggregates are characterized by the presence of strong nutrient and oxygen gradients that may lead to heterogeneity and bacterial cell differentiation. Cells in the deeper layers of biofilms may have a slower metabolism, being locally adap ...
... amyloid fibers and extracellular DNA (eDNA) [8,24,25]. These aggregates are characterized by the presence of strong nutrient and oxygen gradients that may lead to heterogeneity and bacterial cell differentiation. Cells in the deeper layers of biofilms may have a slower metabolism, being locally adap ...
Medical Microbiology short answer questions
... 69. Describe the principle of acid fast staining procedures! Mycobacteria contain a high amount of special lipids called mycolic acids. They can be stained by hot carbol-fuchsin, but they resist decolourisation with acid-alcohol, so they remain red. All other cells are stained blue by the counter st ...
... 69. Describe the principle of acid fast staining procedures! Mycobacteria contain a high amount of special lipids called mycolic acids. They can be stained by hot carbol-fuchsin, but they resist decolourisation with acid-alcohol, so they remain red. All other cells are stained blue by the counter st ...
Insect-microorganism interactions
... individuals. Uninfected males and females were gained by antibiotic-treatment. As expected for CI in haplodiploids, the number of progeny in the cross of uninfected females and infected males was reduced and showed a strong male bias. S. linguis is a subsocial phlaeothripid species. Individuals with ...
... individuals. Uninfected males and females were gained by antibiotic-treatment. As expected for CI in haplodiploids, the number of progeny in the cross of uninfected females and infected males was reduced and showed a strong male bias. S. linguis is a subsocial phlaeothripid species. Individuals with ...
Gram positive endospore forming rods
... (taking in nutrients, converting nutrients into energy and biomass, expelling wastes, growing and dividing) Endospores are dormant—metabolically inactive (but contains the genetic material of the vegetative cell) ...
... (taking in nutrients, converting nutrients into energy and biomass, expelling wastes, growing and dividing) Endospores are dormant—metabolically inactive (but contains the genetic material of the vegetative cell) ...
Prevalence of Etiological Agents and Antimicrobial Resistance
... Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of etiological agents of bacterial meningitis and their susceptibility patterns against commonly used antibiotics. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed within a two-year period 2011-2013 on all patients with sus ...
... Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of etiological agents of bacterial meningitis and their susceptibility patterns against commonly used antibiotics. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed within a two-year period 2011-2013 on all patients with sus ...
Prokaryotic Cell Lecture PowerPoint
... • The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science ...
... • The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science ...
Prokaryotic Cell Lecture PowerPoint
... • The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science ...
... • The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science ...
What Are You Drinking, TEA?
... types of bacteria grows in tea “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which investigated the reports about iced tea, explained that theoretically tea could transmit disease if other bacteria survived the brewing -- a possibility with some organisms--and if they were allowed to grow ...
... types of bacteria grows in tea “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which investigated the reports about iced tea, explained that theoretically tea could transmit disease if other bacteria survived the brewing -- a possibility with some organisms--and if they were allowed to grow ...
Salmonellosis Associated with Reptiles
... should not be allowed to roam freely throughout a home or living area. Pet reptiles should be kept out of kitchens or any other areas in which food is prepared. Kitchen sinks should not be used to bathe reptiles or amphibians or to wash their dishes, cages, or aquariums. If bathtubs are used for the ...
... should not be allowed to roam freely throughout a home or living area. Pet reptiles should be kept out of kitchens or any other areas in which food is prepared. Kitchen sinks should not be used to bathe reptiles or amphibians or to wash their dishes, cages, or aquariums. If bathtubs are used for the ...
Bacterial
... that posses them the ability to thrive in environments containing antibiotics secreted by other microorganisms. Usually these genes encode enzymes that inactivate specific antibiotics or prevent them from working in some way. The widespread and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatmen ...
... that posses them the ability to thrive in environments containing antibiotics secreted by other microorganisms. Usually these genes encode enzymes that inactivate specific antibiotics or prevent them from working in some way. The widespread and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatmen ...
Bacterial translocation: Overview of mechanisms and clinical impact
... role in controlling BT. Thus, immune dysfunction is another major factor involved in BT.15 Other factors may affect the mucosal barrier and increase permeability, such as nitric oxide (NO) overproduction,18,19 interleukin-6 (IL-6),20 certain commensal bacteria such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoni ...
... role in controlling BT. Thus, immune dysfunction is another major factor involved in BT.15 Other factors may affect the mucosal barrier and increase permeability, such as nitric oxide (NO) overproduction,18,19 interleukin-6 (IL-6),20 certain commensal bacteria such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoni ...
Principles and Definitions
... • Spectrum of Activity -Many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria; Not useful for anaerobic (oxygen required for uptake of antibiotic) or intracellular bacteria. • Resistance - Common • Synergy - The aminoglycosides synergize with -lactam antibiotics. The -lactams inhibit cell wall synthe ...
... • Spectrum of Activity -Many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria; Not useful for anaerobic (oxygen required for uptake of antibiotic) or intracellular bacteria. • Resistance - Common • Synergy - The aminoglycosides synergize with -lactam antibiotics. The -lactams inhibit cell wall synthe ...
Archaeal and bacterial hyperthermophiles
... pairs of sequences within a family, these data are not even sufficient for a cluster analysis, but the authors have drawn conclusions about the histories of genes (phylogenetic analyses). For statements about the histories of these genes, it would be more appropriate to use explicit phylogenetic ana ...
... pairs of sequences within a family, these data are not even sufficient for a cluster analysis, but the authors have drawn conclusions about the histories of genes (phylogenetic analyses). For statements about the histories of these genes, it would be more appropriate to use explicit phylogenetic ana ...