Ecological Modelling Mathematical model of livestock and
... of guanacos would displace a flock of sheep. As the fields deteriorate from overgrazing and desertification the guanaco increases its competitive superiority over the sheep, since it is superbly adapted to situations of environmental harshness, especially water scarcity (e.g., it may drink seawater ...
... of guanacos would displace a flock of sheep. As the fields deteriorate from overgrazing and desertification the guanaco increases its competitive superiority over the sheep, since it is superbly adapted to situations of environmental harshness, especially water scarcity (e.g., it may drink seawater ...
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
... species. California has lost 91% of its original wetlands, and this loss of wetlands has been the primary reason for the decline of this species (USDI, 1994; USFWS, 2006). The distribution of Giant Gartersnakes has been restricted to areas within the Central Valley where rice, a wetland crop, is gro ...
... species. California has lost 91% of its original wetlands, and this loss of wetlands has been the primary reason for the decline of this species (USDI, 1994; USFWS, 2006). The distribution of Giant Gartersnakes has been restricted to areas within the Central Valley where rice, a wetland crop, is gro ...
saving the flagship species
... Subregional and regional efforts are a useful way to attain global goals such as the 2010 Global Biodiversity Target. The habitats of the flagship species show that one country’s effort is not sufficient to secure safe places for the species. Securing their survival requires that all the lands conne ...
... Subregional and regional efforts are a useful way to attain global goals such as the 2010 Global Biodiversity Target. The habitats of the flagship species show that one country’s effort is not sufficient to secure safe places for the species. Securing their survival requires that all the lands conne ...
Ecology and conservation of avian insectivores
... by flipping leaves in search of small arthropods. The logrunners (genus Orthonyx) of Australia and New Guinea possess highly specialized morphological adaptations for foraging in leaf litter, allowing a 90° lateral sweep of the femur (Boles, 1993). Some species pounce on terrestrial arthropods from a ...
... by flipping leaves in search of small arthropods. The logrunners (genus Orthonyx) of Australia and New Guinea possess highly specialized morphological adaptations for foraging in leaf litter, allowing a 90° lateral sweep of the femur (Boles, 1993). Some species pounce on terrestrial arthropods from a ...
Time course of plant diversity effects on
... Germany, on the flood plain of the river Saale (for details see Roscher et al. 2004). Briefly, 82 large plots of 20 3 20 m each were established in 2002 at plant species richness levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species. Species were drawn randomly out of 60 belonging to the species pool of the Arrhe ...
... Germany, on the flood plain of the river Saale (for details see Roscher et al. 2004). Briefly, 82 large plots of 20 3 20 m each were established in 2002 at plant species richness levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species. Species were drawn randomly out of 60 belonging to the species pool of the Arrhe ...
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and
... been widely used in theoretical ecology, giving very interesting insights on the properties of real communities. However, we believe that other interesting insights can be gained by considering structural stability, i.e., the stability with respect to modifications in the parameters of the dynamical ...
... been widely used in theoretical ecology, giving very interesting insights on the properties of real communities. However, we believe that other interesting insights can be gained by considering structural stability, i.e., the stability with respect to modifications in the parameters of the dynamical ...
Community Patterns in Source
... At the local scale, Pik is the proportion of sites occupied by species i in community k (note that i always refers to species and k to communities). Each community consists of S species that compete for a limited proportion of vacant sites, Vk. The metacommunity is constituted by N communities that ...
... At the local scale, Pik is the proportion of sites occupied by species i in community k (note that i always refers to species and k to communities). Each community consists of S species that compete for a limited proportion of vacant sites, Vk. The metacommunity is constituted by N communities that ...
plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the pacific
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
Butterflies and their contribution in ecosystem: A review
... trophic level due to this, they response quickly to environmental stress. Many butterflies specialize on a specific plant species for oviposition or feeding [26, 33]. Butterflies tend to be easy to find and measure. In a particular habitat if butterfly is endangered then the plants, insects and vert ...
... trophic level due to this, they response quickly to environmental stress. Many butterflies specialize on a specific plant species for oviposition or feeding [26, 33]. Butterflies tend to be easy to find and measure. In a particular habitat if butterfly is endangered then the plants, insects and vert ...
PROCEEDINGS STREAKED HORNED LARK WORKSHOP 2007
... under the ESA. It is listed as Endangered in Canada under SARA, Red Listed in British Columbia, State-Endangered in Washington, and an Oregon Species of Concern. Representatives from State and Federal agencies gave brief overviews of their listing processes and protection offered from those policies ...
... under the ESA. It is listed as Endangered in Canada under SARA, Red Listed in British Columbia, State-Endangered in Washington, and an Oregon Species of Concern. Representatives from State and Federal agencies gave brief overviews of their listing processes and protection offered from those policies ...
24. Hunter Estuary Wetlands
... Information in the draft Ecological Character Descriptions (ECDs) and the latest version of the Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for the Hunter Estuary Wetlands Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from these key Ramsar documents was aligne ...
... Information in the draft Ecological Character Descriptions (ECDs) and the latest version of the Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for the Hunter Estuary Wetlands Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from these key Ramsar documents was aligne ...
a critique of the
... dynamics cannot act to maintain species in a system, but rather only slow the loss of species from local communities (Chesson and Huntly 1997, Bell 2001, Hubbell 2001, McPeek and Gomulkiewicz 2005). Many ecologists are now engaged in debates about the relative importance of these two viewpoints (nic ...
... dynamics cannot act to maintain species in a system, but rather only slow the loss of species from local communities (Chesson and Huntly 1997, Bell 2001, Hubbell 2001, McPeek and Gomulkiewicz 2005). Many ecologists are now engaged in debates about the relative importance of these two viewpoints (nic ...
(2008) The utility of crop genetic diversity in maintaining ecosystem
... 2002; Steffan-Dewenter and Tscharntke, 1999). With native, unmanaged bee communities in California, pollination services are positively related to proportion of upland natural habitat, rather than farmer type, insecticide usage, field size or honey bee abundance (Kremen et al., 2002). Increasing iso ...
... 2002; Steffan-Dewenter and Tscharntke, 1999). With native, unmanaged bee communities in California, pollination services are positively related to proportion of upland natural habitat, rather than farmer type, insecticide usage, field size or honey bee abundance (Kremen et al., 2002). Increasing iso ...
Facilitative or competitive effects of woody plants on understorey
... To identify studies reporting effects of woody species on understorey productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also con ...
... To identify studies reporting effects of woody species on understorey productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also con ...
6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
... conservation objectives are met; e.g. preventing grazing in high alpine communities until vulnerable species have completed their reproduction. New ski resorts are one of the main threats to alpine calcareous grasslands. The construction and maintenance of ski trails lead to the deterioration of alp ...
... conservation objectives are met; e.g. preventing grazing in high alpine communities until vulnerable species have completed their reproduction. New ski resorts are one of the main threats to alpine calcareous grasslands. The construction and maintenance of ski trails lead to the deterioration of alp ...
concepts-of-biology
... 19.3). Different distributions reflect important aspects of the biology of the species; they also affect the mathematical methods required to estimate population sizes. An example of random distribution occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wherever the ...
... 19.3). Different distributions reflect important aspects of the biology of the species; they also affect the mathematical methods required to estimate population sizes. An example of random distribution occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wherever the ...
3 inland biodiversity
... frogs including; the endangered (assumed extinct locally) northern gastric brooder (Rheobatrachus vitellinus); Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis; and the rare tinker frog (Taudactylus liemi). It also provides important habitat for the vulnerable tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) and the rare w ...
... frogs including; the endangered (assumed extinct locally) northern gastric brooder (Rheobatrachus vitellinus); Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis; and the rare tinker frog (Taudactylus liemi). It also provides important habitat for the vulnerable tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) and the rare w ...
Positive Plant Diversity-Soil Stability Relationships are
... Living plant diversity (excluding the litter issue) may affect below-ground properties and processes, which is critical to obtaining an integrated biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory. However, related patterns and underlying mechanisms have rarely been examined, especially lacking long-term ev ...
... Living plant diversity (excluding the litter issue) may affect below-ground properties and processes, which is critical to obtaining an integrated biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory. However, related patterns and underlying mechanisms have rarely been examined, especially lacking long-term ev ...
REVIEW ARTICLE A research strategy for
... available to those indigenous species sensitive to introduced mammals from around 2000 ha to at least 35 000 ha. These eradications have potential benefits to more than 70 species of native vertebrates and numerous species of invertebrates and plants (Bellingham et al. 2010a). Most eradications have ...
... available to those indigenous species sensitive to introduced mammals from around 2000 ha to at least 35 000 ha. These eradications have potential benefits to more than 70 species of native vertebrates and numerous species of invertebrates and plants (Bellingham et al. 2010a). Most eradications have ...
2006plantecol
... germination occasionally left too few seeds for further testing. The Tukey–Kramer HSD test was used for all a posteriori comparisons (P < 0.05). Means are reported –one standard error. Germination tests likely underestimate viability, even when combined with tetrazolium testing. However, this should ...
... germination occasionally left too few seeds for further testing. The Tukey–Kramer HSD test was used for all a posteriori comparisons (P < 0.05). Means are reported –one standard error. Germination tests likely underestimate viability, even when combined with tetrazolium testing. However, this should ...
19-Population ecology
... (Figure 19.3). Different distributions reflect important aspects of the biology of the species; they also affect the mathematical methods required to estimate population sizes. An example of random distribution occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wher ...
... (Figure 19.3). Different distributions reflect important aspects of the biology of the species; they also affect the mathematical methods required to estimate population sizes. An example of random distribution occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wher ...
Local Ecological Communities
... of Robert May (1973). His models showed that more diverse communities were less stable, not more stable. However, the last decade has seen a revival of the diversity-stability hypothesis and its close relative, the idea that more diverse communities are more productive. The crucial move has been to ...
... of Robert May (1973). His models showed that more diverse communities were less stable, not more stable. However, the last decade has seen a revival of the diversity-stability hypothesis and its close relative, the idea that more diverse communities are more productive. The crucial move has been to ...
Ecological Significance of Within- Species Leaf Trait Variability: A
... niche space, and functional divergence indicates the degree of resource differentiation and thus competition between coexisting species (Mason et al. 2005). Consequently, the components of functional diversity (i.e, richness, evenness, divergence) of a community reflects the way it uses resources, ...
... niche space, and functional divergence indicates the degree of resource differentiation and thus competition between coexisting species (Mason et al. 2005). Consequently, the components of functional diversity (i.e, richness, evenness, divergence) of a community reflects the way it uses resources, ...
Native fauna - Landcare Research
... inanga (five separate galaxiid species), and giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus ) are some of the native fish that live in wetlands for some or all of their lives. These fish are diadromous, in other words they travel between fresh and salt water. To complete their lifecycles, they journey to and from ...
... inanga (five separate galaxiid species), and giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus ) are some of the native fish that live in wetlands for some or all of their lives. These fish are diadromous, in other words they travel between fresh and salt water. To complete their lifecycles, they journey to and from ...
Reconciliation ecology
Reconciliation ecology is the branch of ecology which studies ways to encourage biodiversity in human-dominated ecosystems. Michael Rosenzweig first articulated the concept in his book Win-Win Ecology, based on the theory that there is not enough area for all of earth’s biodiversity to be saved within designated nature preserves. Therefore, humans should increase biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes. By managing for biodiversity in ways that do not decrease human utility of the system, it is a ""win-win"" situation for both human use and native biodiversity. The science is based in the ecological foundation of human land-use trends and species-area relationships. It has many benefits beyond protection of biodiversity, and there are numerous examples of it around the globe. Aspects of reconciliation ecology can already be found in management legislation, but there are challenges in both public acceptance and ecological success of reconciliation attempts.