This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... On the export side, export volumes are sensitive to differences between Turkey’s own export prices and the world prices of other country’s exports, measured in dollars. The dollar prices of Turkey’s exports are endogenously determined on the basis of domestic production costs, trade margins, the exc ...
... On the export side, export volumes are sensitive to differences between Turkey’s own export prices and the world prices of other country’s exports, measured in dollars. The dollar prices of Turkey’s exports are endogenously determined on the basis of domestic production costs, trade margins, the exc ...
Bade_Parkin_Macro_Lecture_CH20
... The larger the expected profit from holding a foreign currency, the greater is the quantity of that currency demanded and so the greater is the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign exchange market. The expected profit depends on the exchange rate. Other things remaining the same, the higher t ...
... The larger the expected profit from holding a foreign currency, the greater is the quantity of that currency demanded and so the greater is the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign exchange market. The expected profit depends on the exchange rate. Other things remaining the same, the higher t ...
CHAPTER 23: The Art of Central Banking: Targets, Instruments and
... monetary policy. These include goals such as low inflation or price stability, a lower unemployment rate, higher economic growth rate, and stability of interest rates. Economic variables representing these goals (such as price level, unemployment rate, and real GDP) are not directly under the contro ...
... monetary policy. These include goals such as low inflation or price stability, a lower unemployment rate, higher economic growth rate, and stability of interest rates. Economic variables representing these goals (such as price level, unemployment rate, and real GDP) are not directly under the contro ...
Economic Impact of Selected Conflicts in the Middle East
... sources, including the World Economic Outlook, the Regional Economic Outlook, the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and International Monetary Fund (IMF) documents, including staff reports and IMF Occasional Papers. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample si ...
... sources, including the World Economic Outlook, the Regional Economic Outlook, the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and International Monetary Fund (IMF) documents, including staff reports and IMF Occasional Papers. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample si ...
Monetary policy rules in economies with traded and non
... aggregate level, so that the monetary policymaker faces a nontrivial stabilization problem. Second, the traded goods sector in our model is much more sensitive to interest rate and exchange rate ‡uctuations than the nontraded sector. This re‡ects both the key in‡uence of the exchange rate on the dem ...
... aggregate level, so that the monetary policymaker faces a nontrivial stabilization problem. Second, the traded goods sector in our model is much more sensitive to interest rate and exchange rate ‡uctuations than the nontraded sector. This re‡ects both the key in‡uence of the exchange rate on the dem ...
PPT chapter 14
... • Examples of goods not traded internationally are: – those with large transportation costs, like hairdressing services and heavy construction materials – those that cannot be traded, like agricultural land and ...
... • Examples of goods not traded internationally are: – those with large transportation costs, like hairdressing services and heavy construction materials – those that cannot be traded, like agricultural land and ...
the economics of the government budget constraint
... Macroeconomic Effects of the Deficit: Standard Analysis The Keynesian revolution brought the budget deficit out of the closet as a macroeconomic variable. Although governrncnts had run budget deficits without the aid of Keynesian theories before, thc pre-Keynesian presumption was that in peacetime t ...
... Macroeconomic Effects of the Deficit: Standard Analysis The Keynesian revolution brought the budget deficit out of the closet as a macroeconomic variable. Although governrncnts had run budget deficits without the aid of Keynesian theories before, thc pre-Keynesian presumption was that in peacetime t ...
- World Bank eLibrary
... factors may lead to overestimate the credit contraction following a crisis: restructuring operations following the crisis may result in an apparent reduction of aggregate bank credit to ...
... factors may lead to overestimate the credit contraction following a crisis: restructuring operations following the crisis may result in an apparent reduction of aggregate bank credit to ...
Modeling and Forecasting the Malawi Kwacha
... These findings lead us to make the following conclusions. Developments in the current account balance have implications on the exchange rate market. Measures aimed at improving the current account position, for example through exports, are also instrumental in stabilizing the exchange rate – throug ...
... These findings lead us to make the following conclusions. Developments in the current account balance have implications on the exchange rate market. Measures aimed at improving the current account position, for example through exports, are also instrumental in stabilizing the exchange rate – throug ...
Impactul socurilor structurale asupra ratei reale de
... The largest part of the forecast error variance is due to the productivity shock, followed by the preference and the fiscal shock; The monetary shock has an extremely small influence; The majority of studies of structural shocks affecting the real exchange rate find over 50% of the forecast er ...
... The largest part of the forecast error variance is due to the productivity shock, followed by the preference and the fiscal shock; The monetary shock has an extremely small influence; The majority of studies of structural shocks affecting the real exchange rate find over 50% of the forecast er ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CHINA CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCES
... requires a decline in the value of the dollar relative to the currencies of our trading partners. The natural market forces that would cause the dollar to decline relative to our major trading partners is prevented by the Chinese policy of managing the exchange rate between the Chinese renminbi and ...
... requires a decline in the value of the dollar relative to the currencies of our trading partners. The natural market forces that would cause the dollar to decline relative to our major trading partners is prevented by the Chinese policy of managing the exchange rate between the Chinese renminbi and ...
Substitution between domestic and foreign currency loans in Central
... formulate a hypothesis that their results may also point to a presence of the substitution effect. On the whole, the question of substitutability between domestic and foreign currency denominated loans and its consequences for monetary policy has been signalled in the reviewed studies, however, it wa ...
... formulate a hypothesis that their results may also point to a presence of the substitution effect. On the whole, the question of substitutability between domestic and foreign currency denominated loans and its consequences for monetary policy has been signalled in the reviewed studies, however, it wa ...
David
... y is the logarithm of domestic real income, e is the logarithm of the exchange rate (domestic currency price of foreign exchange), i is the domestic nominal interest rate, ...
... y is the logarithm of domestic real income, e is the logarithm of the exchange rate (domestic currency price of foreign exchange), i is the domestic nominal interest rate, ...
AND THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE José Dc Gregorio Holger C. Wolf
... A second strand of literature identifies relative price movements within the tradables sector, specifically, movements in the relative price of exports to imports, as another major determinant of real exchange rate movements (Dornbusch, 1980; Green- ...
... A second strand of literature identifies relative price movements within the tradables sector, specifically, movements in the relative price of exports to imports, as another major determinant of real exchange rate movements (Dornbusch, 1980; Green- ...
5. Exchange rate stability
... transposing the legislation adopted under the Financial Services Action Plan. The size of the financial system remains somewhat smaller than would be implied by the relatively high level of development of the economy. While competition via crossborder services provided by other EU financial institut ...
... transposing the legislation adopted under the Financial Services Action Plan. The size of the financial system remains somewhat smaller than would be implied by the relatively high level of development of the economy. While competition via crossborder services provided by other EU financial institut ...
ge14 Fidrmuc
... then result in higher and correlated errors from the regression. Funke & Gronwald (2008) show that the ARCH test rejects the null of no autoregressive conditional heteroskedastivity of the error term in the OLS regression of equation (1). In addition, the estimation of equation (1) is based on differ ...
... then result in higher and correlated errors from the regression. Funke & Gronwald (2008) show that the ARCH test rejects the null of no autoregressive conditional heteroskedastivity of the error term in the OLS regression of equation (1). In addition, the estimation of equation (1) is based on differ ...
How the Gold Standard Worked
... of gold and capital between countries. Therefore, a shock in one country affected the domestic money supply, expenditure, price level, and real income in another country. An example of a monetary shock was the California gold discovery in 1848. The newly produced gold increased the U.S. money supply ...
... of gold and capital between countries. Therefore, a shock in one country affected the domestic money supply, expenditure, price level, and real income in another country. An example of a monetary shock was the California gold discovery in 1848. The newly produced gold increased the U.S. money supply ...
Purchasing Power Parity
... The trick is to realize that exports and imports may be exports and imports of intermediate goods. E.g., a country imports intermediate good for $1 billion and transfers them into final goods using only labor, which costs $200 million. Assume that there is no profit. The value of final goods is thus ...
... The trick is to realize that exports and imports may be exports and imports of intermediate goods. E.g., a country imports intermediate good for $1 billion and transfers them into final goods using only labor, which costs $200 million. Assume that there is no profit. The value of final goods is thus ...
EMU and FDI flows within EU selected countries.
... According to OECD (1992), the prospect of a large unified market attracts investors due to stable exchange rate, monetary discipline and lower costs. Molle and Morsink (1991b) examined the effect of Monetary Union on FDI and concluded that exchange rate risk may discourage FDI. Aizenman J. (1992) r ...
... According to OECD (1992), the prospect of a large unified market attracts investors due to stable exchange rate, monetary discipline and lower costs. Molle and Morsink (1991b) examined the effect of Monetary Union on FDI and concluded that exchange rate risk may discourage FDI. Aizenman J. (1992) r ...
form of final terms - World Bank Treasury
... Rate is to be so determined. Rate Fixing Date: The Scheduled Rate Fixing Date or the Postponed Rate Fixing Date. Schedule Rate Fixing Date: Date which is five London, Mumbai, Singapore & New York Business Days prior to the Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date or such other date on which an amo ...
... Rate is to be so determined. Rate Fixing Date: The Scheduled Rate Fixing Date or the Postponed Rate Fixing Date. Schedule Rate Fixing Date: Date which is five London, Mumbai, Singapore & New York Business Days prior to the Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date or such other date on which an amo ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SPECIAL EXCHANGE RATES FOR CAPITAL ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS Rudiger Dornbusch
... There are various ways in which assets markets can be delinked. The first is to decide on the scope for capital controls. One possibility is to maintain the international integration of capital markets given by equation (i) above, but to delink domestic assets markets, at least partially, from ...
... There are various ways in which assets markets can be delinked. The first is to decide on the scope for capital controls. One possibility is to maintain the international integration of capital markets given by equation (i) above, but to delink domestic assets markets, at least partially, from ...
The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Policy in the Caribbean
... English-speaking Caribbean ranged from under US$100 for the countries that now constitute the OECS to about US$650 for Trinidad and Tobago. The 1960s saw the rapid growth of tourism, with the introduction of jet transport and the US blockade of Cuba, previously the main Caribbean magnet for North Am ...
... English-speaking Caribbean ranged from under US$100 for the countries that now constitute the OECS to about US$650 for Trinidad and Tobago. The 1960s saw the rapid growth of tourism, with the introduction of jet transport and the US blockade of Cuba, previously the main Caribbean magnet for North Am ...
EMU strategies: Lessons from Greece in view of the EU Enlargement
... commitment and support of governments, the business community and European citizens. Also, the large cost of non-participation in this major project from the start, as perceived notably by founding members of the European Community, helped mobilize domestic constituencies in support of EMU. The impo ...
... commitment and support of governments, the business community and European citizens. Also, the large cost of non-participation in this major project from the start, as perceived notably by founding members of the European Community, helped mobilize domestic constituencies in support of EMU. The impo ...
J. Richardson
... of—payments motive for tariffs and should therefore facilitate further rounds of negotiations to lower trade barriers ((Dudley 1981, p. 264), ascribing the view to Richard Blackhurst). ...
... of—payments motive for tariffs and should therefore facilitate further rounds of negotiations to lower trade barriers ((Dudley 1981, p. 264), ascribing the view to Richard Blackhurst). ...
Foreign-exchange reserves
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Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) are assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority, usually in various reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar, and to a lesser extent the euro, the pound sterling, and the Japanese yen, and used to back its liabilities—e.g., the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or by financial institutions.