Independent Review of the Operation of Monetary Policy in New Zealand:
... review, I have read the wide range of submissions provided to me and have met with a number of submitters and other interested parties. I visited New Zealand for two weeks in November 2000 in order to observe the operations of the Reserve Bank …rst hand and collect material for the review. I have al ...
... review, I have read the wide range of submissions provided to me and have met with a number of submitters and other interested parties. I visited New Zealand for two weeks in November 2000 in order to observe the operations of the Reserve Bank …rst hand and collect material for the review. I have al ...
SHORT-RUN FLUCTUATIONS David Romer University of California
... our final example, we consider the effects of a decline in consumer confidence. That is, we suppose that for some reason consumers become more worried about the future, and that they therefore consume less and save more at a given level of disposable income than before. This fall in consumer confide ...
... our final example, we consider the effects of a decline in consumer confidence. That is, we suppose that for some reason consumers become more worried about the future, and that they therefore consume less and save more at a given level of disposable income than before. This fall in consumer confide ...
Do loans harm?
... both personal income inequality and on industrial pay inequality.2 It thereby extends on Vreeland (2002) and Garuda (2000), which restricted their analysis either to industrial pay inequality or did not do a regression analysis. In the literature so far, the different channels through which the IMF ...
... both personal income inequality and on industrial pay inequality.2 It thereby extends on Vreeland (2002) and Garuda (2000), which restricted their analysis either to industrial pay inequality or did not do a regression analysis. In the literature so far, the different channels through which the IMF ...
The International Monetary Fund: 70 Years of Reinvention
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
macroeconomics
... papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural chan ...
... papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural chan ...
Macroeconomics
... papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural chan ...
... papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural chan ...
PDF Download
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
The Yen and Its East Asian Neighbors 1980
... must have moved with the yen and appreciated against the U.S. dollar to a greater extent, and its relationship with the yen may be regarded as “cooperative,” in that such behavior has tended to contribute to monetary cooperation in Asia by promoting greater exchange rate stability in the environment ...
... must have moved with the yen and appreciated against the U.S. dollar to a greater extent, and its relationship with the yen may be regarded as “cooperative,” in that such behavior has tended to contribute to monetary cooperation in Asia by promoting greater exchange rate stability in the environment ...
Monetary Policy without Central Bank Money: A Swiss Perspective
... expansionary monetary policy conducted by the U.S. Federal Reserve in support of the U.S. government's task of financing the war in Vietnam. In principle, Switzerland still adhered to a gold bullion standard that implied fixed exchange rates against the U.S. dollar and other currencies. The regime ...
... expansionary monetary policy conducted by the U.S. Federal Reserve in support of the U.S. government's task of financing the war in Vietnam. In principle, Switzerland still adhered to a gold bullion standard that implied fixed exchange rates against the U.S. dollar and other currencies. The regime ...
The Unemployment Rate The Other Factors - U
... Take, for example, unemployment insurance—the payment of unemployment benefits to workers who lose their jobs. There are very good reasons why society should provide some insurance to workers who lose their job and have a hard time finding another. But there is little question that, by making the pr ...
... Take, for example, unemployment insurance—the payment of unemployment benefits to workers who lose their jobs. There are very good reasons why society should provide some insurance to workers who lose their job and have a hard time finding another. But there is little question that, by making the pr ...
CD1. European Economy. Basic editions. 44/1990. One market, one
... of inflation, growth, public finance trends and even the management of the world economy. Because of these different types of impact (e.g. both growth and stability) an aggregate, quantified estimate of the potential impact of EMU is not feasible. However many individual effects can be assessed empi ...
... of inflation, growth, public finance trends and even the management of the world economy. Because of these different types of impact (e.g. both growth and stability) an aggregate, quantified estimate of the potential impact of EMU is not feasible. However many individual effects can be assessed empi ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: American Economic Policy in the 1980s
... fore, can conveniently be divided into major episodes corresponding to the main thrust of the Federal Reserve’s policy. However, within each major episode, decisions are continually made to adjust (or not to adjust) the degree of tightness or ease of monetary policy. The analysis of monetary policy ...
... fore, can conveniently be divided into major episodes corresponding to the main thrust of the Federal Reserve’s policy. However, within each major episode, decisions are continually made to adjust (or not to adjust) the degree of tightness or ease of monetary policy. The analysis of monetary policy ...
Balance of Payments Textbook, 1996
... an economy’s claims on the rest of the world and the value of that economy’s financial liabilities to the rest of the world. The difference between an economy’s stock of international financial assets and financial liabilities is that part of an economy’s net worth attributable to, or derived from, ...
... an economy’s claims on the rest of the world and the value of that economy’s financial liabilities to the rest of the world. The difference between an economy’s stock of international financial assets and financial liabilities is that part of an economy’s net worth attributable to, or derived from, ...
Los derechos de reproducción de este documento son propiedad
... portfolio and that adjustments to the portfolio follow changes in relative returns on assets. If the boom in the home country is accompanied by a recession in the host country, the investor will shift to home assets, but if the business cycles of the home and host countries are synchronized, a boom ...
... portfolio and that adjustments to the portfolio follow changes in relative returns on assets. If the boom in the home country is accompanied by a recession in the host country, the investor will shift to home assets, but if the business cycles of the home and host countries are synchronized, a boom ...
Monetary policy background to the gold transactions of the Swiss
... Generally speaking, currency control systems called for the proceeds from the export of goods and services to be centralised under a government-run clearing office. In order to ensure that the funds did in fact reach this institution, an export authorisation system had to be introduced. The centrali ...
... Generally speaking, currency control systems called for the proceeds from the export of goods and services to be centralised under a government-run clearing office. In order to ensure that the funds did in fact reach this institution, an export authorisation system had to be introduced. The centrali ...
physical savings - Editorial Express
... a situation in which people borrow less than what they are willing to borrow to fulfill their purchasing decisions. In a typical developing country with repressed financial system, it may not be possible for people with low level of income to borrow against future income, as they may be believed to ...
... a situation in which people borrow less than what they are willing to borrow to fulfill their purchasing decisions. In a typical developing country with repressed financial system, it may not be possible for people with low level of income to borrow against future income, as they may be believed to ...
PHD thesis - Neven Vidakovic
... Choices of the exchange rate regimes in small open economy ............................................................ 91 Advantages and disadvantages of stable exchange rate regime ......................................................... 97 Advantages and disadvantages of variable exchange rate r ...
... Choices of the exchange rate regimes in small open economy ............................................................ 91 Advantages and disadvantages of stable exchange rate regime ......................................................... 97 Advantages and disadvantages of variable exchange rate r ...
Identifying Monetary Policy in Open Economies
... identification might make sense for the US, since it is a large and relatively closed economy and the movement of US monetary policy due to foreign shocks is relatively small. In addition, in closed economy models, such as those used by Christiano and Eichenbaum (1992) and Kim (1999), the monetary p ...
... identification might make sense for the US, since it is a large and relatively closed economy and the movement of US monetary policy due to foreign shocks is relatively small. In addition, in closed economy models, such as those used by Christiano and Eichenbaum (1992) and Kim (1999), the monetary p ...
Mundell`s International Economics: Adaptations and Debates
... Mundell asserts that the theoretical framework in his paper demonstrated the correct policy mix, and that President Kennedy reversed his policy mix in order to conform with the Mundell recommendation. Nonetheless he later admitted (Mundell [2002, 9]) that his view all along was that this paper is “t ...
... Mundell asserts that the theoretical framework in his paper demonstrated the correct policy mix, and that President Kennedy reversed his policy mix in order to conform with the Mundell recommendation. Nonetheless he later admitted (Mundell [2002, 9]) that his view all along was that this paper is “t ...
Global Horse Trading: IMF Loans for Votes in the United Nations Security Council
... Finally, there are cost benefits. To put it bluntly, when they provide foreign aid through the IMF, the major shareholders pay a fraction of the cost (Eldar 2008). Arguably, there is a trade-off between employing one’s own funds and using the IMF’s money. On the one hand, US policymakers may be able ...
... Finally, there are cost benefits. To put it bluntly, when they provide foreign aid through the IMF, the major shareholders pay a fraction of the cost (Eldar 2008). Arguably, there is a trade-off between employing one’s own funds and using the IMF’s money. On the one hand, US policymakers may be able ...
CEEC – Transition and Enlargement
... Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Integration Europäischer Arbeitsmärkte Universität Bamberg | [email protected] | www.uni-bamberg.de/sowi/bruecker ...
... Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Integration Europäischer Arbeitsmärkte Universität Bamberg | [email protected] | www.uni-bamberg.de/sowi/bruecker ...
FX Options and Structured Products
... solve and can serve as incentives to further research and testing. Solutions to the exercises are not part of this book, however they will be published on the web page of the book, www.mathfinance.com/FXOptions/. ...
... solve and can serve as incentives to further research and testing. Solutions to the exercises are not part of this book, however they will be published on the web page of the book, www.mathfinance.com/FXOptions/. ...
1 M.A.PART - I ECONOMIC PAPER
... The concept of Investment has much significance in macro economic analysis. Investment is linked to the concept of savings. This concept of Investment has different meanings. Generally, it is considered as that part of money which is used for purchasing assets. It can also be termed as money spent o ...
... The concept of Investment has much significance in macro economic analysis. Investment is linked to the concept of savings. This concept of Investment has different meanings. Generally, it is considered as that part of money which is used for purchasing assets. It can also be termed as money spent o ...
Foreign-exchange reserves
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) are assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority, usually in various reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar, and to a lesser extent the euro, the pound sterling, and the Japanese yen, and used to back its liabilities—e.g., the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or by financial institutions.