The Positive and Negative Impact of Remittances on Economic
... probability that foreign investors suddenly flee out of emerging markets or developing economies; they consider that there is a threshold effect of remittances: if remittances are over three percent of GDP, they can be considered as cheap inflows of foreign currencies which gives guarantees to the f ...
... probability that foreign investors suddenly flee out of emerging markets or developing economies; they consider that there is a threshold effect of remittances: if remittances are over three percent of GDP, they can be considered as cheap inflows of foreign currencies which gives guarantees to the f ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... and a major increase in tariffs. Indeed, the 1922 Fordney-McCumber tariff increased tariff rates (calculated as the ratio of duties to either total imports or dutiable imports) as much as the Smoot-Hawley tariff. 10 In light of the increases in tariffs shown in table 8.5, it is difficult to accept H ...
... and a major increase in tariffs. Indeed, the 1922 Fordney-McCumber tariff increased tariff rates (calculated as the ratio of duties to either total imports or dutiable imports) as much as the Smoot-Hawley tariff. 10 In light of the increases in tariffs shown in table 8.5, it is difficult to accept H ...
Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Summer 2006
... not deliver formal teaching; rather, participating central banks presented their own work and discussed it with each other. In 1997, a high-level workshop was held in conjunction with the Annual Symposium for Central Bank Governors, and in 1998 Academic Workshops were introduced. At these workshops ...
... not deliver formal teaching; rather, participating central banks presented their own work and discussed it with each other. In 1997, a high-level workshop was held in conjunction with the Annual Symposium for Central Bank Governors, and in 1998 Academic Workshops were introduced. At these workshops ...
The Open Economy: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy
... and a major increase in tariffs. Indeed, the 1922 Fordney-McCumber tariff increased tariff rates (calculated as the ratio of duties to either total imports or dutiable imports) as much as the Smoot-Hawley tariff. 10 In light of the increases in tariffs shown in table 8.5, it is difficult to accept H ...
... and a major increase in tariffs. Indeed, the 1922 Fordney-McCumber tariff increased tariff rates (calculated as the ratio of duties to either total imports or dutiable imports) as much as the Smoot-Hawley tariff. 10 In light of the increases in tariffs shown in table 8.5, it is difficult to accept H ...
A Tale of Two Cycles: Co-Fluctuations Between UK
... modern financial markets, where speculative transactions are a multiple of those that are linked to the real economy. Buiter (2000) has argued that foreign exchange markets tend to be a source of extraneous shocks rather than a mechanism for adjusting to fundamental asymmetries. He therefore advocat ...
... modern financial markets, where speculative transactions are a multiple of those that are linked to the real economy. Buiter (2000) has argued that foreign exchange markets tend to be a source of extraneous shocks rather than a mechanism for adjusting to fundamental asymmetries. He therefore advocat ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL POLICY AND SPECULATIVE ARGENTINA 1979-1981
... currency value of the bank's foreign assets. Therefore it should be included when calculating domestic credit changes and excluded when calculating reserve ...
... currency value of the bank's foreign assets. Therefore it should be included when calculating domestic credit changes and excluded when calculating reserve ...
NBER WORKING. PAPER SERIES EQUILIBRIUM AND EXCHANGE RATES Rudiger Dornbusch
... The paper reviews theoretical develorents in the field of exchange rate theory and assesses the empirical evidence. Since the empirical evidence does not lend support to the nrdels that have been formulated, a number of reasons for that failure are suggested. These include the argument that the curr ...
... The paper reviews theoretical develorents in the field of exchange rate theory and assesses the empirical evidence. Since the empirical evidence does not lend support to the nrdels that have been formulated, a number of reasons for that failure are suggested. These include the argument that the curr ...
News Release Template (color)
... the region’s leading financial center, DIFC serves as the regional headquarters for many global companies and financial institutions. “We are pleased to welcome Wells Fargo to DIFC and look forward to supporting the company’s mission to expand its offering in the Middle East and North Africa,” comme ...
... the region’s leading financial center, DIFC serves as the regional headquarters for many global companies and financial institutions. “We are pleased to welcome Wells Fargo to DIFC and look forward to supporting the company’s mission to expand its offering in the Middle East and North Africa,” comme ...
Currency blocs in the 21st century
... because, otherwise, it may be hard to identify, in particular, currency baskets that are used as anchors. Since the primary objective of the study is an investigation into currency bloc composition, the classification of exchange rate regimes has been confined just to the two coarse categories “peg” ...
... because, otherwise, it may be hard to identify, in particular, currency baskets that are used as anchors. Since the primary objective of the study is an investigation into currency bloc composition, the classification of exchange rate regimes has been confined just to the two coarse categories “peg” ...
Causality between Capital Flow, Human Capital
... rebasing revealed that Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa and has a track of becoming the 20th largest economies in the world by 2020. Upon this impressive result, Nigeria faces an ongoing challenge achieving long sustained growth. Poverty and unemployment remain prominent among the major chal ...
... rebasing revealed that Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa and has a track of becoming the 20th largest economies in the world by 2020. Upon this impressive result, Nigeria faces an ongoing challenge achieving long sustained growth. Poverty and unemployment remain prominent among the major chal ...
Technical Trading-Rule Profitability, Data Snooping, and Reality
... Levich and Thomas (1993) demonstrate based on bootstrap re-sampling that some filter and moving average rules may be significantly profitable even after adjusting for risk.2 The significant profitability documented in these studies is often interpreted as evidence against market efficiency.3 However ...
... Levich and Thomas (1993) demonstrate based on bootstrap re-sampling that some filter and moving average rules may be significantly profitable even after adjusting for risk.2 The significant profitability documented in these studies is often interpreted as evidence against market efficiency.3 However ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY UNDER PERFECT FORESIGHT:
... to differ in terms of their aggregate behavior in any systematic way. Further, this assumption is being adopted extensively in the current literature applying game theory to problems of international policy ...
... to differ in terms of their aggregate behavior in any systematic way. Further, this assumption is being adopted extensively in the current literature applying game theory to problems of international policy ...
Helicopter Money - Global Interdependence Center
... The ultimate message of our paper is that while central banks may fear fiscal dominance, they will not be able to avoid it. Fiscal dominance and central bank independence come in secular cycles and mirror secular private leveraging and deleveraging cycles, respectively. That is, as long as there wil ...
... The ultimate message of our paper is that while central banks may fear fiscal dominance, they will not be able to avoid it. Fiscal dominance and central bank independence come in secular cycles and mirror secular private leveraging and deleveraging cycles, respectively. That is, as long as there wil ...
A Path-Dependent Deadlock: Institutional
... potential causes of its creation.3 Although deregulation and financialization were also problems in Europe, they affected only the deficit countries, namely Spain, Ireland, Greece, Italy, and, to a lesser extent, Portugal; they did not pose problems in surplus countries such as France, Germany, Belg ...
... potential causes of its creation.3 Although deregulation and financialization were also problems in Europe, they affected only the deficit countries, namely Spain, Ireland, Greece, Italy, and, to a lesser extent, Portugal; they did not pose problems in surplus countries such as France, Germany, Belg ...
Essays on currency intervention, with particular reference to
... advantages in the global market.” (Cheung, 2011) Most major currencies are free floating vis-à-vis other currencies, except renminbi. 3 There might possibly be some gains or losses from currency intervention in the foreign exchange market. For example, Gylfason and Schmid (1983) show that devaluatio ...
... advantages in the global market.” (Cheung, 2011) Most major currencies are free floating vis-à-vis other currencies, except renminbi. 3 There might possibly be some gains or losses from currency intervention in the foreign exchange market. For example, Gylfason and Schmid (1983) show that devaluatio ...
Contemporary Logistics China’s Financial Services Trade
... life stock company gets 1% of the equity on investing in Visa Company $300 million. In 2008, when Visa was listing at the New York stock exchange, China became the largest Chinese strategic investors. Therefore, promoting financial services trade development has speeded up the international steps of ...
... life stock company gets 1% of the equity on investing in Visa Company $300 million. In 2008, when Visa was listing at the New York stock exchange, China became the largest Chinese strategic investors. Therefore, promoting financial services trade development has speeded up the international steps of ...
Working Paper No. 385 Macroeconomic Policies of the Economic
... inflation the situation is no better. The euro area unemployment is already high at 8.8 percent (April, 2003) and is forecasted to remain at 8.8 percent for 2003 and for 2004, and though the rate is much lower in the U.S. and Britain, it is now increasing in all three countries (and quite rapidly in ...
... inflation the situation is no better. The euro area unemployment is already high at 8.8 percent (April, 2003) and is forecasted to remain at 8.8 percent for 2003 and for 2004, and though the rate is much lower in the U.S. and Britain, it is now increasing in all three countries (and quite rapidly in ...
INDEX METHODOLOGY
... BLOOMBERG, the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index, the Bloomberg British Pound Index and the Bloomberg Euro Index (the “Indices”) are trademarks or service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates (“collectively, “Bloomberg”). Bloomberg or Bloomberg’s licensors own all proprietary right in the In ...
... BLOOMBERG, the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index, the Bloomberg British Pound Index and the Bloomberg Euro Index (the “Indices”) are trademarks or service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates (“collectively, “Bloomberg”). Bloomberg or Bloomberg’s licensors own all proprietary right in the In ...
Palani 2 - Welcome to Bharathidasan University Central Library
... values. In other words, each item of asset is converted into percentage to Total Assets and each item of capital and liabilities is expressed into percentage to Total Liabilities and Capital Fund. Thus, the whole Balance sheet is converted into percentage form. Such converted Balance sheet is known ...
... values. In other words, each item of asset is converted into percentage to Total Assets and each item of capital and liabilities is expressed into percentage to Total Liabilities and Capital Fund. Thus, the whole Balance sheet is converted into percentage form. Such converted Balance sheet is known ...
Financial Development, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: New
... The attempt to provide logical explanations on the above issues constituted major challenges of the current study. Data on annual growth variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product, and financial data on an annual basis such as Broad Money to GDP, liquidity liabilities, Credit to the Private Secto ...
... The attempt to provide logical explanations on the above issues constituted major challenges of the current study. Data on annual growth variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product, and financial data on an annual basis such as Broad Money to GDP, liquidity liabilities, Credit to the Private Secto ...
Exchange-Rate Determination: A Survey of
... portation and other transactions costs in reality leave room for substantial purchasing-power disparities to occur before residents in any one country would find it economical to exchange an "overvalued" local currency for currencies to use in purchasing goods and services abroad. Similarly, advoca ...
... portation and other transactions costs in reality leave room for substantial purchasing-power disparities to occur before residents in any one country would find it economical to exchange an "overvalued" local currency for currencies to use in purchasing goods and services abroad. Similarly, advoca ...
fiscal multipliers
... deviation of output from full employment is eventually eroded. Hence, in the long run, the Classical model holds, so that any fiscal policy has zero effect. This framework is sometimes called the Neoclassical synthesis. The more responsive the price level to the output gap, the smaller the change in i ...
... deviation of output from full employment is eventually eroded. Hence, in the long run, the Classical model holds, so that any fiscal policy has zero effect. This framework is sometimes called the Neoclassical synthesis. The more responsive the price level to the output gap, the smaller the change in i ...
The Dissociation Between Monetary Assessment and Predicted Utility
... purchase would be made or forgone, and insufficiently reflect the predicted utility associated with that purchase alternative. This disparity can be traced to focalism, i.e., the notion that different assessment tasks tend to be naturally informed by different features of the evaluated stimuli. For ex ...
... purchase would be made or forgone, and insufficiently reflect the predicted utility associated with that purchase alternative. This disparity can be traced to focalism, i.e., the notion that different assessment tasks tend to be naturally informed by different features of the evaluated stimuli. For ex ...
The Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates
... • A country enjoys an absolute advantage over another country in the production of a product when it uses fewer resources to produce that product than the other country does. • A country enjoys a comparative advantage in the production of a good when that good can be produced at a lower cost in term ...
... • A country enjoys an absolute advantage over another country in the production of a product when it uses fewer resources to produce that product than the other country does. • A country enjoys a comparative advantage in the production of a good when that good can be produced at a lower cost in term ...
Swedish Quantitative Easing
... central banks, such as the Fed, Bank of England, Bank of Japan and ECB, while around a dozen central banks have lowered interest rates below zero (Anderson et al. 2010) QE seems to have helped equity indices increase in many countries, as will be presented later in this thesis. Economists also are i ...
... central banks, such as the Fed, Bank of England, Bank of Japan and ECB, while around a dozen central banks have lowered interest rates below zero (Anderson et al. 2010) QE seems to have helped equity indices increase in many countries, as will be presented later in this thesis. Economists also are i ...
International monetary systems
International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.