Mexico - Banco de México
... impact on the current account as Mexico has a broadly balanced trade in hydrocarbons. However, it increased the fiscal consolidation burden and might affect prospects for private investment in the oil sector in the medium term. In addition, emerging market asset prices were hit by a rise in global f ...
... impact on the current account as Mexico has a broadly balanced trade in hydrocarbons. However, it increased the fiscal consolidation burden and might affect prospects for private investment in the oil sector in the medium term. In addition, emerging market asset prices were hit by a rise in global f ...
the currencies of carbon and the fungibility of credits in the global
... While some authors argue that there is a need to have strong national currencies before developping a truly global market (House and Victor, 2004), a greater fungibility of the credits allow for more efficiency. So far, very few carbon currencies can be used in other systems. The CDM credits (CERs) ...
... While some authors argue that there is a need to have strong national currencies before developping a truly global market (House and Victor, 2004), a greater fungibility of the credits allow for more efficiency. So far, very few carbon currencies can be used in other systems. The CDM credits (CERs) ...
Report - Heinrich-Böll
... But today, he said, this cycle of self-renewal has been short-circuited by information and communications technologies (ICT). Economic growth is no longer boosting consumer spending or creating new jobs; thanks in part to ICT, the economic system is slashing jobs, reducing prices and worsening inequ ...
... But today, he said, this cycle of self-renewal has been short-circuited by information and communications technologies (ICT). Economic growth is no longer boosting consumer spending or creating new jobs; thanks in part to ICT, the economic system is slashing jobs, reducing prices and worsening inequ ...
Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere
... remain sluggish, and employment conditions will likely get worse before they start to improve. A permanent loss in potential output, weak private consumption, and much higher debt levels in the United States will be negative legacies of the crisis that could adversely affect the Latin America and Ca ...
... remain sluggish, and employment conditions will likely get worse before they start to improve. A permanent loss in potential output, weak private consumption, and much higher debt levels in the United States will be negative legacies of the crisis that could adversely affect the Latin America and Ca ...
Transcript - Brookings Institution
... those people who are saying that state enterprises are what they call the founding -- the power base of the Communist Party on the one hand, therefore the rational is that we should keep the state enterprises. On the other hand, people are saying look at these state enterprises, they are so ineffici ...
... those people who are saying that state enterprises are what they call the founding -- the power base of the Communist Party on the one hand, therefore the rational is that we should keep the state enterprises. On the other hand, people are saying look at these state enterprises, they are so ineffici ...
EXCHANGE RATE AND INFLATION TARGETING IN MOROCCO
... followed by an equally sharp depreciation in 1985-1987; last but not least, many developing countries suffered a major external debt in the mid-1980s. The 1990s saw a rapid growth of world trade and capital markets to which developing countries began to borrow easily and rapidly. However, a number o ...
... followed by an equally sharp depreciation in 1985-1987; last but not least, many developing countries suffered a major external debt in the mid-1980s. The 1990s saw a rapid growth of world trade and capital markets to which developing countries began to borrow easily and rapidly. However, a number o ...
On the value of virtual currencies
... Bitcoin’s design, and point to the difficulty as to whether decentralized virtual currencies can be designed with monetary policies that include feedback or discretion. The rapid appreciation of the exchange rate and its high volatility have been posed as major concerns for the viability of Bitcoin’s ...
... Bitcoin’s design, and point to the difficulty as to whether decentralized virtual currencies can be designed with monetary policies that include feedback or discretion. The rapid appreciation of the exchange rate and its high volatility have been posed as major concerns for the viability of Bitcoin’s ...
Deutsche Bundesbank - Annual Report
... this time, to a greater extent than in previous years, any look back is almost inevitably associated with a look forward, too. That applies particularly to the European economic and monetary union (EMU), whose outlines are meanwhile coming into sharper focus, now that the participating countries hav ...
... this time, to a greater extent than in previous years, any look back is almost inevitably associated with a look forward, too. That applies particularly to the European economic and monetary union (EMU), whose outlines are meanwhile coming into sharper focus, now that the participating countries hav ...
In Whose Best Interest?
... interest that are common among financial advisors providing advice on retirement assets. Almost half (46 percent) of American adults mistakenly believe that financial advisors are currently required to act as fiduciaries. Moreover, even among Americans who already work with a financial advisor, two ...
... interest that are common among financial advisors providing advice on retirement assets. Almost half (46 percent) of American adults mistakenly believe that financial advisors are currently required to act as fiduciaries. Moreover, even among Americans who already work with a financial advisor, two ...
International Investment Position: A Guide to Data Sources, IMF
... engage and intend to engage4 in economic activities on a significant scale from some location (dwelling, place of production, or other premises) within the economic territory of the country. This means within the geographic territory administered by a government.5 ...
... engage and intend to engage4 in economic activities on a significant scale from some location (dwelling, place of production, or other premises) within the economic territory of the country. This means within the geographic territory administered by a government.5 ...
Caribbean Small States
... (size-related macroeconomic vulnerabilities, lack of economies of scale, and capacity constraints) have specific characteristics which merit attention. ...
... (size-related macroeconomic vulnerabilities, lack of economies of scale, and capacity constraints) have specific characteristics which merit attention. ...
Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe Regional
... the 2008–09 global financial crisis, private debt stocks across CESEE increased much faster than GDP, opening up credit gaps, whereby the debt-to-GDP ratios are lifted well above their long-term trends. In the aftermath of the crisis, many countries came under pressure to realign their debt levels w ...
... the 2008–09 global financial crisis, private debt stocks across CESEE increased much faster than GDP, opening up credit gaps, whereby the debt-to-GDP ratios are lifted well above their long-term trends. In the aftermath of the crisis, many countries came under pressure to realign their debt levels w ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... Multiple exchange rate practices have a long history. In the 1930s, if not earlier, multiple rates and restricted convertibility appeared on a broad front throughout the world economy. In Europe exchange control was widely practiced, and Raul Prebisch introduced multiple rates in Argentina. Througho ...
... Multiple exchange rate practices have a long history. In the 1930s, if not earlier, multiple rates and restricted convertibility appeared on a broad front throughout the world economy. In Europe exchange control was widely practiced, and Raul Prebisch introduced multiple rates in Argentina. Througho ...
Chapter 02 The Dynamic Environment of International Trade
... A. Third World countries were excluded from this economic growth, thus leading to stark imbalances in wealth. B. The European Union became the center of world trade, taking the position away from the U.S. C. Japan became the dominant player in the world market, beating American and European multinat ...
... A. Third World countries were excluded from this economic growth, thus leading to stark imbalances in wealth. B. The European Union became the center of world trade, taking the position away from the U.S. C. Japan became the dominant player in the world market, beating American and European multinat ...
S0110922_en.pdf
... dollar (not modified since then). This was done at a moment where an urgent concern was to lend credibility to the stabilization program, and any form of monetary management was regarded with deep distrust. This strict regime became over time a focal point for economic decisions (especially in finan ...
... dollar (not modified since then). This was done at a moment where an urgent concern was to lend credibility to the stabilization program, and any form of monetary management was regarded with deep distrust. This strict regime became over time a focal point for economic decisions (especially in finan ...
Standing in the way of development?
... becoming irrelevant and obsolete. By 2007, it had only one major borrower, Turkey, and thus its revenues had plunged. In October 2007, the Fund attempted to align its payroll with its reduced budget by shrinking its workforce through generous retirement packages. At the same time, the Fund was unabl ...
... becoming irrelevant and obsolete. By 2007, it had only one major borrower, Turkey, and thus its revenues had plunged. In October 2007, the Fund attempted to align its payroll with its reduced budget by shrinking its workforce through generous retirement packages. At the same time, the Fund was unabl ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Monetary Policy Rules
... where c,,, is the quantity consumed in period t of a good whose price was set in period t - j . The constant elasticity demands for each of the goods take the form ...
... where c,,, is the quantity consumed in period t of a good whose price was set in period t - j . The constant elasticity demands for each of the goods take the form ...
Real Output and Prices Adjustments under Different
... due to prudential credit policy of commercial banks reflecting increased uncertainty on the markets. As a result, policy of low interest rates seems to be inefficient. Exchange rate policy evolution represents one of the key parts of crucial economic policy decisions at the beginning of the transiti ...
... due to prudential credit policy of commercial banks reflecting increased uncertainty on the markets. As a result, policy of low interest rates seems to be inefficient. Exchange rate policy evolution represents one of the key parts of crucial economic policy decisions at the beginning of the transiti ...
Rethinking Financial Deepening: Stability and Growth
... First and foremost, using a new, broad, measure of financial development, this study underscores that many benefits in terms of growth and stability can still be reaped from further financial development in most EMs. Financial development is defined as a combination of depth (size and liquidity of m ...
... First and foremost, using a new, broad, measure of financial development, this study underscores that many benefits in terms of growth and stability can still be reaped from further financial development in most EMs. Financial development is defined as a combination of depth (size and liquidity of m ...
Global Economic Prospects
... objectives. Scope for further cuts to policy interest rates is limited. Large-scale unconventional monetary policy accommodation by major central banks has succeeded to some extent in bolstering demand, through its positive impact on financial markets and lending conditions. However, these tools may ...
... objectives. Scope for further cuts to policy interest rates is limited. Large-scale unconventional monetary policy accommodation by major central banks has succeeded to some extent in bolstering demand, through its positive impact on financial markets and lending conditions. However, these tools may ...
Document
... (1) no separate legal tender: The currency of another country circulates as the sole legal tender (formal dollarization), or the member belongs to a currency union in which the same legal tender is shared by the members of the union. (2) currency board: A monetary regime based on an explicit legis ...
... (1) no separate legal tender: The currency of another country circulates as the sole legal tender (formal dollarization), or the member belongs to a currency union in which the same legal tender is shared by the members of the union. (2) currency board: A monetary regime based on an explicit legis ...
Cost-Push Shocks and Monetary Policy in Open Economies Alan Sutherland
... of consumer prices will maximise aggregate utility.1 Such a policy minimises relative price distortions when some prices are sticky and unable to respond to shocks in the short run. A similar result has been shown to hold in open economies, where welfare maximising monetary policy should focus on st ...
... of consumer prices will maximise aggregate utility.1 Such a policy minimises relative price distortions when some prices are sticky and unable to respond to shocks in the short run. A similar result has been shown to hold in open economies, where welfare maximising monetary policy should focus on st ...
International monetary systems
International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.