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Strategia Europa 2020 i Europejska Odbudowa Europe 2020
Strategia Europa 2020 i Europejska Odbudowa Europe 2020

... not integrate technological progress and developed his “monetary theory of production” to counteract cyclical fluctuations, which need in cases of slumps deficit spending to be balanced out after recovery. Monetary and fiscal policies can react much quicker than innovation, so that it is evident, th ...
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Chapter 31 - Impacts - Government Borrowing

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International monetary systems



International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.
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