Editorial overview: Neurobiology of cognitive behavior: Complexity
... neural basis of cognitive function particularly vexing. However, it has been posited that some circuit dynamics have a negligible effect on a given computation. Indeed, when population activity is described as trajectories in activity state space, relatively low-dimensional dynamics are often found ...
... neural basis of cognitive function particularly vexing. However, it has been posited that some circuit dynamics have a negligible effect on a given computation. Indeed, when population activity is described as trajectories in activity state space, relatively low-dimensional dynamics are often found ...
Morphomechanics: transforming tubes into organs
... The anterior part of the neural tube expands to create the brain tube (BT), while the posterior portion of the neural tube becomes the spinal cord. Local circumferential constrictions next divide the neuroepithelium of the BT into three primary vesicles called the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. ...
... The anterior part of the neural tube expands to create the brain tube (BT), while the posterior portion of the neural tube becomes the spinal cord. Local circumferential constrictions next divide the neuroepithelium of the BT into three primary vesicles called the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
... Despite all the important progress achieved in understanding aspects of cognition and in relating these aspects to specific parts of the brain, there is one important caveat immanent to most cognitive neuroscience research: The relationships between cognitive modules and brain areas are observationa ...
... Despite all the important progress achieved in understanding aspects of cognition and in relating these aspects to specific parts of the brain, there is one important caveat immanent to most cognitive neuroscience research: The relationships between cognitive modules and brain areas are observationa ...
Exam 2 2008 - student.ahc.umn.edu
... increase glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose). increase lens thickness to promote far vision. ...
... increase glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose). increase lens thickness to promote far vision. ...
Mental Disorders
... • Alzheimer’s disease results when neurons in the brain are destroyed. • If neurons become clogged with protein deposits, they are unable to transmit impulses. • The result is confusion, loss of memory, and gradual mental deterioration. • Currently, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. ...
... • Alzheimer’s disease results when neurons in the brain are destroyed. • If neurons become clogged with protein deposits, they are unable to transmit impulses. • The result is confusion, loss of memory, and gradual mental deterioration. • Currently, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. ...
Document
... indirect projections from cortex to brainstem and brainstem itself can sustain motor behaviour involving proximal muscles. Direct projections for the motor cortex to the spinal cord provide the speed and agility of movements, these enable precision of finger movement. Eg. After motor cortex da ...
... indirect projections from cortex to brainstem and brainstem itself can sustain motor behaviour involving proximal muscles. Direct projections for the motor cortex to the spinal cord provide the speed and agility of movements, these enable precision of finger movement. Eg. After motor cortex da ...
Lecture Cranial Nerves 1
... • axons entering the CNS • cell bodies in sensory ganglia • CN versus spinal nerves ...
... • axons entering the CNS • cell bodies in sensory ganglia • CN versus spinal nerves ...
Decoupling Neural Networks From Reality: Dissociative Experiences
... structured separation of such processes as memory, identity, emotions, and thoughts, which are usually experienced by an individual as an integrated whole. Torture or trauma victims often describe dissociative experiences and intrusions of horror in which they experience themselves as detached from ...
... structured separation of such processes as memory, identity, emotions, and thoughts, which are usually experienced by an individual as an integrated whole. Torture or trauma victims often describe dissociative experiences and intrusions of horror in which they experience themselves as detached from ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... CNS before reaching cerebral cortex stop in the thalamus. Thalamus is an integration center- it receives reciprocal connections from the cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia. It contains several groups of nuclei that are designated for various functions (see Table at the end of the syllabus). Nuclei ...
... CNS before reaching cerebral cortex stop in the thalamus. Thalamus is an integration center- it receives reciprocal connections from the cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia. It contains several groups of nuclei that are designated for various functions (see Table at the end of the syllabus). Nuclei ...
Introducing a New Product - V
... and chronic fatigue. DHEA enhances memory, alleviates depression, and causes a remarkable improvement in a person’s sense of psychological and physical well-being. Chronic disease may cause the adrenal glands to produce more of the immune suppressant cortisol and less DHEA. It also provides strong s ...
... and chronic fatigue. DHEA enhances memory, alleviates depression, and causes a remarkable improvement in a person’s sense of psychological and physical well-being. Chronic disease may cause the adrenal glands to produce more of the immune suppressant cortisol and less DHEA. It also provides strong s ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • Axon endings are called synaptic terminals. • They contain neurotransmitters which conduct a signal across a synapse. • A synapse is the junction between a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Ions carry information in electrical synapses. In chemical synap ...
... • Axon endings are called synaptic terminals. • They contain neurotransmitters which conduct a signal across a synapse. • A synapse is the junction between a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Ions carry information in electrical synapses. In chemical synap ...
Are Bigger Brains Better?
... circuits, not just the size of brain regions, which underlie these feats. Neural network analyses show that cognitive features found in insects, such as numerosity, attention and categorisation-like processes, may require only very limited neuron numbers. Thus, brain size may have less of a relation ...
... circuits, not just the size of brain regions, which underlie these feats. Neural network analyses show that cognitive features found in insects, such as numerosity, attention and categorisation-like processes, may require only very limited neuron numbers. Thus, brain size may have less of a relation ...
Why are brain pathways
... • Adequate Stimulus (the form of energy to which a particular sensory cell is most sensitive - light, touch, sound, etc.) • Law of specific nerve energies (depolarization of neurons in a pathway is interpreted as a particular form of stimulation - pressure to the eyes or direct electrical activation ...
... • Adequate Stimulus (the form of energy to which a particular sensory cell is most sensitive - light, touch, sound, etc.) • Law of specific nerve energies (depolarization of neurons in a pathway is interpreted as a particular form of stimulation - pressure to the eyes or direct electrical activation ...
The Body Systems Song Tune: Ants Go Marching The Respiratory
... I need my muscles, I need my muscles, I need my muscles to make me strong, And my muscles are part of my Muscular System. ...
... I need my muscles, I need my muscles, I need my muscles to make me strong, And my muscles are part of my Muscular System. ...
Cell Density in the Border Zone Around Old Small Human Brain
... coronal and the horizontal planes at various distances from the margin of the infarct. Corresponding counting points in the contralateral hemisphere served as control. On light microscopy, the infarcted cortex was irregularly shaped, but on serial sections the bulging parts appeared to be cut off fr ...
... coronal and the horizontal planes at various distances from the margin of the infarct. Corresponding counting points in the contralateral hemisphere served as control. On light microscopy, the infarcted cortex was irregularly shaped, but on serial sections the bulging parts appeared to be cut off fr ...
`What` and `where` in the human brain
... [24]. Within MST, many cells are selective for rotation or for the expansion/contraction of the image of any object moving in depth 125,261, and whereas such motion selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, ...
... [24]. Within MST, many cells are selective for rotation or for the expansion/contraction of the image of any object moving in depth 125,261, and whereas such motion selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, ...
Sense of Touch and Feeling
... “Touch is the first of the five senses to develop in the womb and thereon plays an essential role in our everyday life and even to our own very existence. Through the sense of touch we can detect different textures and temperatures of different levels. Our skin allows us to detect if something is sq ...
... “Touch is the first of the five senses to develop in the womb and thereon plays an essential role in our everyday life and even to our own very existence. Through the sense of touch we can detect different textures and temperatures of different levels. Our skin allows us to detect if something is sq ...
Visual System Part 1 – Visual Perception
... The T-current is inactivated when the neuron is depolarized ( > -55 mV), then the neuron fires tonically. The inactivation of the T-current is reversed at ~ -60 mV, inducing the neuron to fire in bursts. ...
... The T-current is inactivated when the neuron is depolarized ( > -55 mV), then the neuron fires tonically. The inactivation of the T-current is reversed at ~ -60 mV, inducing the neuron to fire in bursts. ...
Nociceptive-antinociceptive system
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
Nociceptive sensation. Anti
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
A quantitative theory of neural computation Cambridge, MA 02138
... scope of the item that an actual neuron represents is much more problematic but can be attempted by presenting enough stimuli. Some remarkable recordings from human medial temporal lobe by Quian Quiroga et al. (2005) provide convincing evidence for the existence of cells that recognize items of some ...
... scope of the item that an actual neuron represents is much more problematic but can be attempted by presenting enough stimuli. Some remarkable recordings from human medial temporal lobe by Quian Quiroga et al. (2005) provide convincing evidence for the existence of cells that recognize items of some ...
Brain Gas
... been found to be critical for the regulation of systems controlling blood pressure, the heart, infections, shock, the lungs, the brain and cancer. Viagra, one of the most commercially important drugs in recent memory, targets a nitric oxide system. Clearly, this gas is an important player in physiol ...
... been found to be critical for the regulation of systems controlling blood pressure, the heart, infections, shock, the lungs, the brain and cancer. Viagra, one of the most commercially important drugs in recent memory, targets a nitric oxide system. Clearly, this gas is an important player in physiol ...
sms7new
... Hypermetria = overshoot when pointing to a target Intention tremor = oscillating limb when pointing Unilateral cerebellar damage: subjects alternates palm up – palm down ...
... Hypermetria = overshoot when pointing to a target Intention tremor = oscillating limb when pointing Unilateral cerebellar damage: subjects alternates palm up – palm down ...
Nociceptive sensation
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
... electrochemical nerve impulses delivered to it from sensory receptors. These receptors transfuse (or change) different influences of both internal processes in organism and surrounding environment into the electric impulses. ► Pain receptors are specific. Pain does not appear in hyperstimulation of ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... Corpus Callosum is cut; done to control severe epilepsy (seizure disorder). Result: The person now has two brains in one body. ...
... Corpus Callosum is cut; done to control severe epilepsy (seizure disorder). Result: The person now has two brains in one body. ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.