Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... PET imaging and inactivation studies (Table 1). Before the lesion, the monkeys underwent prelesion training that involved a small-object retrieval task, and topographic motor maps of M1 and the ventral premotor area (PMv) were constructed by using ICMS. Ibotenic acid was then injected to destroy the ...
... PET imaging and inactivation studies (Table 1). Before the lesion, the monkeys underwent prelesion training that involved a small-object retrieval task, and topographic motor maps of M1 and the ventral premotor area (PMv) were constructed by using ICMS. Ibotenic acid was then injected to destroy the ...
May 21, 04copy.doc
... within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. Measures from the readily visible barrels in layer IV were taken first. Readings from upper layers were then obtained. Patterns in the positions of radially oriented blood vessels w ...
... within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. Measures from the readily visible barrels in layer IV were taken first. Readings from upper layers were then obtained. Patterns in the positions of radially oriented blood vessels w ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence University of Southern California, Fall 2001 ...
... Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence University of Southern California, Fall 2001 ...
nervous system
... cell body and extend into the dendrites and axon. They serve to support the neuron (as neurofibrils) and to transport materials and organells down from the cell body to the axon (axon transport), for regeneration of damaged axons. Axon transport of certain materials also occurs in the opposite direc ...
... cell body and extend into the dendrites and axon. They serve to support the neuron (as neurofibrils) and to transport materials and organells down from the cell body to the axon (axon transport), for regeneration of damaged axons. Axon transport of certain materials also occurs in the opposite direc ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... about the anatomical connectivity and physiology of the cortical maps than decades ago, such as layout of visual areas [1], [2] and long-range horizontal connectivity [3], [4], we still lack the understanding of how these maps work as an integrated system to give rise to a coherent behavior. One key ...
... about the anatomical connectivity and physiology of the cortical maps than decades ago, such as layout of visual areas [1], [2] and long-range horizontal connectivity [3], [4], we still lack the understanding of how these maps work as an integrated system to give rise to a coherent behavior. One key ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. Measures from the readily visible barrels in layer IV were taken first. Readings from upper layers were then obtained. Patterns in the positions of radially oriented blood vessels w ...
... within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. Measures from the readily visible barrels in layer IV were taken first. Readings from upper layers were then obtained. Patterns in the positions of radially oriented blood vessels w ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... Animal and Use Committee at Harvard Medical School. Weanling SD rats were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. For the purpose of establishing the postmortem effect, the bodies of euthanized pups were kept at RT for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h, before the heads were separated and the cerebellum, br ...
... Animal and Use Committee at Harvard Medical School. Weanling SD rats were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. For the purpose of establishing the postmortem effect, the bodies of euthanized pups were kept at RT for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h, before the heads were separated and the cerebellum, br ...
NIPS/Dec99/notebook3
... implies the existence of at least two inhibitory interneurons synaptically linked. Consistent with that, it is now known that there are glycinergic and GABAergic interneurons similarly distributed throughout the DCN and expressing different subtypes of glutamatergic receptors. The consequences of in ...
... implies the existence of at least two inhibitory interneurons synaptically linked. Consistent with that, it is now known that there are glycinergic and GABAergic interneurons similarly distributed throughout the DCN and expressing different subtypes of glutamatergic receptors. The consequences of in ...
Glossary of Neuroanatomical Terms and Eponyms
... Brachium. L. from Gr. brachion, arm. As used in the central nervous system, denotes a large bundle of fibers that connects one part with another (eg, brachia associated with the colliculi of the midbrain). Bradykinesia. Gr. brady, slow + kinesis, movement. Abnormal slowness of movements. Brain stem. ...
... Brachium. L. from Gr. brachion, arm. As used in the central nervous system, denotes a large bundle of fibers that connects one part with another (eg, brachia associated with the colliculi of the midbrain). Bradykinesia. Gr. brady, slow + kinesis, movement. Abnormal slowness of movements. Brain stem. ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
Nervous System
... from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor (Efferent) Neurons carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons. ...
... from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor (Efferent) Neurons carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons. ...
The Nervous System - Gordon State College
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. After a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. After a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
Evolutionary Convergence in Nervous Systems: Insights from
... brain evolution is due to two factors: high rates of evolution in general [Nishikawa, 1997; Katz and Harris-Warrick, 1999]; and the existence of common selective pressures imposed by fundamental biophysical constraints which, over time, have produced similar neural networks for performing similar co ...
... brain evolution is due to two factors: high rates of evolution in general [Nishikawa, 1997; Katz and Harris-Warrick, 1999]; and the existence of common selective pressures imposed by fundamental biophysical constraints which, over time, have produced similar neural networks for performing similar co ...
Gamma Band Oscillation
... [and] are bound into a complex representation in a matter of 200 milliseconds…” (Buzsáki, p260) This type of mental reconstruction has been largely documented by Gestaltian psychologists; showing that human regularly, and systematically impose top-down rules on visual stimuli. ...
... [and] are bound into a complex representation in a matter of 200 milliseconds…” (Buzsáki, p260) This type of mental reconstruction has been largely documented by Gestaltian psychologists; showing that human regularly, and systematically impose top-down rules on visual stimuli. ...
14.FARS 3.Synthetic PET(2001) - University of Southern California
... As a computational plus (going beyond the imaging technology), we can also collect the contributions of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses separately, based on evaluating the integral in (1) over one set of synapses or the other. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, US ...
... As a computational plus (going beyond the imaging technology), we can also collect the contributions of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses separately, based on evaluating the integral in (1) over one set of synapses or the other. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, US ...
Blood exerts a powerful influence on the brain - Gu Lab
... effect may happen in people. Several studies have linked statins taken in early old age to lower rates of Alzheimer’s later on. Because it’s so easy to get drugs into the bloodstream, the promise of changing the brain by changing the blood is great. And these early hints of how blood vessels and neu ...
... effect may happen in people. Several studies have linked statins taken in early old age to lower rates of Alzheimer’s later on. Because it’s so easy to get drugs into the bloodstream, the promise of changing the brain by changing the blood is great. And these early hints of how blood vessels and neu ...
Emotion and decision-making explained: A prEcis
... cortex can be used for purposes that are not rewarddependent. One example might be learning where a particular taste can be found in the environment, even when the primate is not hungry and therefore the taste is not currently rewarding. For this, the primary taste cortex provides a representation o ...
... cortex can be used for purposes that are not rewarddependent. One example might be learning where a particular taste can be found in the environment, even when the primate is not hungry and therefore the taste is not currently rewarding. For this, the primary taste cortex provides a representation o ...
Editorial overview: Development and regeneration: Nervous system
... growth and re-wiring of the injured spinal cord. The progress in this area has been substantial, and it appears that the formation of appropriate synapses by regenerating axons will be a topic for the years to come. In fact, the issue is rounded up by two reviews on our new insights into how synapse ...
... growth and re-wiring of the injured spinal cord. The progress in this area has been substantial, and it appears that the formation of appropriate synapses by regenerating axons will be a topic for the years to come. In fact, the issue is rounded up by two reviews on our new insights into how synapse ...
Hypothesized neural dynamics of working memory
... scales (e.g., [36]). For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) activity may play causal roles, in some of its manifestations, even if it is epiphenomenal in others. Graded potentials and currents are more ubiquitous aspects of neural physiology than are the action potentials that they sometimes genera ...
... scales (e.g., [36]). For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) activity may play causal roles, in some of its manifestations, even if it is epiphenomenal in others. Graded potentials and currents are more ubiquitous aspects of neural physiology than are the action potentials that they sometimes genera ...
Document
... I am interested in the molecular mechanisms of axon guidance and synaptic target recognition – the proper wiring of all nervous systems depends on these mechanisms. A mammal’s brain is very complex, so we studied this problem using identified neurons in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The cerc ...
... I am interested in the molecular mechanisms of axon guidance and synaptic target recognition – the proper wiring of all nervous systems depends on these mechanisms. A mammal’s brain is very complex, so we studied this problem using identified neurons in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The cerc ...
Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... made it clear that whatever was sent over the channel would need to be decoded by a receiver. Thus, in Shannon’s formulation, the quantification of information over a channel was contingent on the existence of a ‘receiver’. The importance of a receiver in Shannon’s formulation seems to be neglected ...
... made it clear that whatever was sent over the channel would need to be decoded by a receiver. Thus, in Shannon’s formulation, the quantification of information over a channel was contingent on the existence of a ‘receiver’. The importance of a receiver in Shannon’s formulation seems to be neglected ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... perception. Processing channels, each serving simultaneously specialized functions, are also present in the central auditory and somatosensory systems. The message is then conveyed from unimodal to associative areas termed “heteromodal”, since they are influenced by more than one sensory modality (v ...
... perception. Processing channels, each serving simultaneously specialized functions, are also present in the central auditory and somatosensory systems. The message is then conveyed from unimodal to associative areas termed “heteromodal”, since they are influenced by more than one sensory modality (v ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... reported for motion-sensitive neurons in macaque. (2) The division-like inhibition between macaque neurons tuned to opposite directions also applies to motion-sensitive neurons in the human brain. It is only a matter of time before brain imaging technology reaches the point where spiking activity of ...
... reported for motion-sensitive neurons in macaque. (2) The division-like inhibition between macaque neurons tuned to opposite directions also applies to motion-sensitive neurons in the human brain. It is only a matter of time before brain imaging technology reaches the point where spiking activity of ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human specie ...
... if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human specie ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.