Genetics Terminology Illustrated III Epistasis
... or experience poor water quality. • The same with black angelfish – they always look black. Poor water quality or overcrowding may result in ragged, stunted fins – but the color of the fish will still be black. ...
... or experience poor water quality. • The same with black angelfish – they always look black. Poor water quality or overcrowding may result in ragged, stunted fins – but the color of the fish will still be black. ...
Adaptive basis of codon usage in the haploid moss
... as triplets, which relative to their synonyms occur significantly more often in highly than in lowly expressed sequences. Multivariate correspondence analysis was performed to identify putative optimal codons, that is, codons occurring more often in highly than in lowly biased genes in P. patens. A ...
... as triplets, which relative to their synonyms occur significantly more often in highly than in lowly expressed sequences. Multivariate correspondence analysis was performed to identify putative optimal codons, that is, codons occurring more often in highly than in lowly biased genes in P. patens. A ...
A general model of the relation between phenotypic selection and
... of breeding values and environmental deviations is Gaussian, and that the regression of offspring phenotypes on the mid-parental breeding values is linear (for conditions implicit to these assumptions see Turelli, 1988; Nagylaki, 1992). When we compare the final equation of Table 1 with R = h2S we s ...
... of breeding values and environmental deviations is Gaussian, and that the regression of offspring phenotypes on the mid-parental breeding values is linear (for conditions implicit to these assumptions see Turelli, 1988; Nagylaki, 1992). When we compare the final equation of Table 1 with R = h2S we s ...
Can sexual selection theory inform genetic management of captive
... was emphasized that the zoo community carefully considers mate choice implications for captive breeding (Asa et al. 2011). The zoo community is becoming increasingly interested in this discussion, especially when faced with reproductive failure of breeding pairs due to mate incompatibility or aggres ...
... was emphasized that the zoo community carefully considers mate choice implications for captive breeding (Asa et al. 2011). The zoo community is becoming increasingly interested in this discussion, especially when faced with reproductive failure of breeding pairs due to mate incompatibility or aggres ...
Document
... The existence of such trade-offs in multiple phenotypes results in a paradigm where no single mutation can be advantageous for all phenotypes in all environments (Fisher 1930; Levins 1968) and has major implications on rates and limits of adaptation (Orr 2000, 2005). This has been one of the centra ...
... The existence of such trade-offs in multiple phenotypes results in a paradigm where no single mutation can be advantageous for all phenotypes in all environments (Fisher 1930; Levins 1968) and has major implications on rates and limits of adaptation (Orr 2000, 2005). This has been one of the centra ...
Gene regulation and speciation in house mice
... alleles from both parents that meet in the same trans-acting environment, differFigure 1. (A) Categories of regulatory divergence between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus inences in expression between parents ferred from gene expression levels in pure subspecies and hybrids, where P and H are the ...
... alleles from both parents that meet in the same trans-acting environment, differFigure 1. (A) Categories of regulatory divergence between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus inences in expression between parents ferred from gene expression levels in pure subspecies and hybrids, where P and H are the ...
Running with the Red Queen: the role of biotic conflicts in evolution
... RQ metaphor has been applied to different fields. For many evolutionary biologists, the RQH is most strongly associated with debates surrounding the evolution of sex. The RQH provides a mechanism by which sexual species are protected from elimination by asexuals despite the latter’s higher per capit ...
... RQ metaphor has been applied to different fields. For many evolutionary biologists, the RQH is most strongly associated with debates surrounding the evolution of sex. The RQH provides a mechanism by which sexual species are protected from elimination by asexuals despite the latter’s higher per capit ...
Running with the Red Queen: the role of
... RQ metaphor has been applied to different fields. For many evolutionary biologists, the RQH is most strongly associated with debates surrounding the evolution of sex. The RQH provides a mechanism by which sexual species are protected from elimination by asexuals despite the latter’s higher per capit ...
... RQ metaphor has been applied to different fields. For many evolutionary biologists, the RQH is most strongly associated with debates surrounding the evolution of sex. The RQH provides a mechanism by which sexual species are protected from elimination by asexuals despite the latter’s higher per capit ...
Inference of Positive and Negative Selection on the 59 Regulatory
... such weak negative selection (Fay, Wykoff, and Wu 2001, 2002; Smith and Eyre-Walker 2002). Most surprising, however, positive selection appears to be the driving force behind 30% to 40% of amino acid substitutions in these two species (Fay, Wykoff, and Wu 2001, 2002; Smith and Eyre-Walker 2002). Acc ...
... such weak negative selection (Fay, Wykoff, and Wu 2001, 2002; Smith and Eyre-Walker 2002). Most surprising, however, positive selection appears to be the driving force behind 30% to 40% of amino acid substitutions in these two species (Fay, Wykoff, and Wu 2001, 2002; Smith and Eyre-Walker 2002). Acc ...
PBS 505 GENETIC METHODS IN PLANT BREEDING 2 Units Three
... common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Factors which affect reproductive success ...
... common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Factors which affect reproductive success ...
Natural Selection
... essential component for natural selection, it's important to realize that phenotypic differences alone (regardless if they are the result of the environment or genetically determined) affect reproductive success. If traits are not heritable, there will be what is called PHENOTYPIC SELECTION. Because ...
... essential component for natural selection, it's important to realize that phenotypic differences alone (regardless if they are the result of the environment or genetically determined) affect reproductive success. If traits are not heritable, there will be what is called PHENOTYPIC SELECTION. Because ...
Is the Y chromosome disappearing?—Both sides
... I was delighted to chair as it had all the elements of what makes science so fascinating: The highest quality research, healthy debate, informed opinion, controversy and public interest. ...
... I was delighted to chair as it had all the elements of what makes science so fascinating: The highest quality research, healthy debate, informed opinion, controversy and public interest. ...
Plant sex chromosome evolution
... a trade-off that makes it a female suppressor (while the X carries its recessive allele). It is intuitively easy to understand that, under this model, both mutations can establish polymorphisms in the population, and that natural selection then favours reduced recombination between the two loci (Bul ...
... a trade-off that makes it a female suppressor (while the X carries its recessive allele). It is intuitively easy to understand that, under this model, both mutations can establish polymorphisms in the population, and that natural selection then favours reduced recombination between the two loci (Bul ...
A multispecies approach for comparing sequence evolution of X
... functions have similar selection coefficients, then focusing on gene groups with similar expected sexspecific effects could reveal faster-X evolution, as in the case of mammalian sperm proteins (Torgerson & Singh, 2003) and Drosophila melanogaster sex-specific genes (Pröschel et al., 2006 ; Baines ...
... functions have similar selection coefficients, then focusing on gene groups with similar expected sexspecific effects could reveal faster-X evolution, as in the case of mammalian sperm proteins (Torgerson & Singh, 2003) and Drosophila melanogaster sex-specific genes (Pröschel et al., 2006 ; Baines ...
Natural Selection and Populations - Advanced
... Natural selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (appearance), which is a product of genotype and any environmental influences on gene expression. By selecting for alleles which improve survival and/or reproduction and selecting against harmful alleles, natural selection changes the proportion of a ...
... Natural selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (appearance), which is a product of genotype and any environmental influences on gene expression. By selecting for alleles which improve survival and/or reproduction and selecting against harmful alleles, natural selection changes the proportion of a ...
Homeosis of the angiosperm flower: Studies on
... According to GOLDSCHMIDT, macroevolution does not proceed by an accumulation of small changes within populations, but only by the rare success of hopeful monsters. GOLDSCHMIDT (1940) presented two mechanisms for how saltational evolution might work. One mechanism, involving “systemic mutations”, rej ...
... According to GOLDSCHMIDT, macroevolution does not proceed by an accumulation of small changes within populations, but only by the rare success of hopeful monsters. GOLDSCHMIDT (1940) presented two mechanisms for how saltational evolution might work. One mechanism, involving “systemic mutations”, rej ...
Perspective Evolution Is an Experiment
... alleles is helpful for two reasons. The first is that these genes are likely to be agronomically important; the simple fact that they have been under selection in the past suggests that they have contributed to valuable traits. This approach—that is, the use of population genetics to find agronomica ...
... alleles is helpful for two reasons. The first is that these genes are likely to be agronomically important; the simple fact that they have been under selection in the past suggests that they have contributed to valuable traits. This approach—that is, the use of population genetics to find agronomica ...
Pax1/Pax9-Related Genes in an Agnathan Vertebrate, Lampetra
... of each orthologue are rather well conserved within vertebrates (Krauss et al., 1991; Püschel et al., 1992; Glardon et al., 1997, 1998). In larger scale evolution including changes in the body plan, however, regulatory genes usually have acquired additional expression domains in crown groups that e ...
... of each orthologue are rather well conserved within vertebrates (Krauss et al., 1991; Püschel et al., 1992; Glardon et al., 1997, 1998). In larger scale evolution including changes in the body plan, however, regulatory genes usually have acquired additional expression domains in crown groups that e ...
Elucidating the Role of Gonadal Hormones in Sexually
... systems; for example, quantitative trait loci (QTL) have often been observed in one sex but not the other (13–17). These sexgene interactions imply an underlying genetic network invoked by sex-specific regulation influencing gene expression (13). Indeed, sex differences in the expression of thousand ...
... systems; for example, quantitative trait loci (QTL) have often been observed in one sex but not the other (13–17). These sexgene interactions imply an underlying genetic network invoked by sex-specific regulation influencing gene expression (13). Indeed, sex differences in the expression of thousand ...
Natural selection
... - marine bivalves are osmoconformers - the osmolarity of their tissues is identical to that of surrounding sea water. This osmoconformation is achieved by modifying intracellular levels of free amino acids - notably proline, glycine and alanine. - as salinity goes up, small peptides are cleaved and ...
... - marine bivalves are osmoconformers - the osmolarity of their tissues is identical to that of surrounding sea water. This osmoconformation is achieved by modifying intracellular levels of free amino acids - notably proline, glycine and alanine. - as salinity goes up, small peptides are cleaved and ...
Natural selection
... - marine bivalves are osmoconformers - the osmolarity of their tissues is identical to that of surrounding sea water. This osmoconformation is achieved by modifying intracellular levels of free amino acids - notably proline, glycine and alanine. - as salinity goes up, small peptides are cleaved and ...
... - marine bivalves are osmoconformers - the osmolarity of their tissues is identical to that of surrounding sea water. This osmoconformation is achieved by modifying intracellular levels of free amino acids - notably proline, glycine and alanine. - as salinity goes up, small peptides are cleaved and ...
Natural Selection and Developmental Constraints in the Evolution of
... In animals, scaling relationships between appendages and body size exhibit high interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. This pattern could result from natural selection for specific allometries or from developmental constraints on patterns of differential growth. We performed artifi ...
... In animals, scaling relationships between appendages and body size exhibit high interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. This pattern could result from natural selection for specific allometries or from developmental constraints on patterns of differential growth. We performed artifi ...
Gene expression divergence and the origin of hybrid
... D. simulans, and they documented that half of the 4776 genes surveyed increased, decreased, or lost sex-biased expression. They also found that male-biased genes showed significantly greater divergence in expression than either female-biased or non-sex-biased genes. Complementary to this research, M ...
... D. simulans, and they documented that half of the 4776 genes surveyed increased, decreased, or lost sex-biased expression. They also found that male-biased genes showed significantly greater divergence in expression than either female-biased or non-sex-biased genes. Complementary to this research, M ...
Evolution of Phenotypes
... Up to this point we have been talking about the evolutionary dynamics of individual genes. Many traits of ecological importance are determined by many genes. Those might include body size and shape, behavior, longevity, etc. Indeed for those kinds of traits we usually have no idea what the underlyin ...
... Up to this point we have been talking about the evolutionary dynamics of individual genes. Many traits of ecological importance are determined by many genes. Those might include body size and shape, behavior, longevity, etc. Indeed for those kinds of traits we usually have no idea what the underlyin ...
Paper - Ran Blekhman
... the observed variation in gene expression into its genetic and nongenetic (e.g., environmental and genetic by environment interaction) components in order to study the genetic basis for variation in gene expression without the confounding effects of environmental variation. In model organisms, minim ...
... the observed variation in gene expression into its genetic and nongenetic (e.g., environmental and genetic by environment interaction) components in order to study the genetic basis for variation in gene expression without the confounding effects of environmental variation. In model organisms, minim ...