Lecture 3 - Population genetics.key
... 3) Assume 3 penetrance functions: f_0, f_1, f_2 4) Simple to compute K=P(disease in population) 5) Assume random mating and HWE to get all possible genotypes for common ancestors 6) Use Mendel’s Laws to get offspring genotypes phenotypes and to compute P(both relatives affected) 7) E ...
... 3) Assume 3 penetrance functions: f_0, f_1, f_2 4) Simple to compute K=P(disease in population) 5) Assume random mating and HWE to get all possible genotypes for common ancestors 6) Use Mendel’s Laws to get offspring genotypes phenotypes and to compute P(both relatives affected) 7) E ...
1 Epistasis Underlying a Fitness Trait within a Natural
... Hybridization experiments have revealed genetic differences attributable to epistasis between species (Doebley et al. 1995) and between populations within species (Hard et al. 1993; Lair et al. 1997; Fenster and Gallowy 2000; Galloway and Fenster 2000; Carroll et al. 2001, 2003). In theory, one migh ...
... Hybridization experiments have revealed genetic differences attributable to epistasis between species (Doebley et al. 1995) and between populations within species (Hard et al. 1993; Lair et al. 1997; Fenster and Gallowy 2000; Galloway and Fenster 2000; Carroll et al. 2001, 2003). In theory, one migh ...
Li, H. Ghosh, S. K., Amerson, H. and Li, B. (2004Major Gene Detection for Fusiform Rust Resistance using Bayesian Complex Segregation Analysis in Loblolly Pine,"
... breeding. Another application was based on an investigation for major genes affecting carcass traits in Japanese black cattle populations (Miyake et al. 1999). In forest tree breeding, a major gene affecting height of loblolly pine was detected in some half-diallel progeny populations using Bayesian ...
... breeding. Another application was based on an investigation for major genes affecting carcass traits in Japanese black cattle populations (Miyake et al. 1999). In forest tree breeding, a major gene affecting height of loblolly pine was detected in some half-diallel progeny populations using Bayesian ...
IAP workshop, Ghent, Sept.
... nearby polymorphism (SNP) that controls expression in LD; We indeed found 96.5% selected cis-regulated genes have associated polymorphisms (haplotype blocks ) nearby. ...
... nearby polymorphism (SNP) that controls expression in LD; We indeed found 96.5% selected cis-regulated genes have associated polymorphisms (haplotype blocks ) nearby. ...
25.1 Polygenic Inheritance Explains DDT Resistance
... As we have just learned, the phenotypic overlap for a quantitative trait may be so great that it may not be possible to establish discrete phenotypic classes. This is particularly true if many genes contribute to the trait. One way to identify the genes affecting polygenic inheritance is to look for ...
... As we have just learned, the phenotypic overlap for a quantitative trait may be so great that it may not be possible to establish discrete phenotypic classes. This is particularly true if many genes contribute to the trait. One way to identify the genes affecting polygenic inheritance is to look for ...
1.Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
... have darker tipped ears, nose, paws, etc. due to the enzyme encoded by an allele which is only active at the extremities at low temperatures. ...
... have darker tipped ears, nose, paws, etc. due to the enzyme encoded by an allele which is only active at the extremities at low temperatures. ...
LECTURE 4: PEDIGREE ANALYSIS Reading
... Characteristics of rare autosomal recessive traits: -Most affected individuals have unaffected parents. -Requires the chance union of unrelated carriers (heterozygotes). Rare recessive traits are more likely to show up in a pedigree when spouses are related to one another (because relative share all ...
... Characteristics of rare autosomal recessive traits: -Most affected individuals have unaffected parents. -Requires the chance union of unrelated carriers (heterozygotes). Rare recessive traits are more likely to show up in a pedigree when spouses are related to one another (because relative share all ...
It Skips a Generation: Traits, Genes, and Crosses
... students re-enact a class-action lawsuit from the 1970s in which farmers sued corn seed companies because of an epidemic caused by lack of genetic diversity. The series of chapters on corn continues with an exploration of the DNA basis for genetically engineered Bt corn, as well as a discussion of u ...
... students re-enact a class-action lawsuit from the 1970s in which farmers sued corn seed companies because of an epidemic caused by lack of genetic diversity. The series of chapters on corn continues with an exploration of the DNA basis for genetically engineered Bt corn, as well as a discussion of u ...
Secondary Science assessments
... include the number of times your group of four got each gene combo (TT, Tt, tT, or tt), and the number of times you got each tail color trait (blue or orange). b. In your science notebook, write a heading (Coin Toss Lab and the date). Then draw this data table (Table 2), and use it to summarize t ...
... include the number of times your group of four got each gene combo (TT, Tt, tT, or tt), and the number of times you got each tail color trait (blue or orange). b. In your science notebook, write a heading (Coin Toss Lab and the date). Then draw this data table (Table 2), and use it to summarize t ...
Van de Mark, Daniel: The Numerous Caveats of Designing, Implementing, and Interpreting Genome-Wide Association Studies
... Genome-wide association studies match genetic variation in the form of SNPs in an individual’s DNA to a specific disease phenotype or other phenotypic trait (note: from here on, I will discuss only linking to disease phenotypes, but it is implied that the same methods could always be used to link v ...
... Genome-wide association studies match genetic variation in the form of SNPs in an individual’s DNA to a specific disease phenotype or other phenotypic trait (note: from here on, I will discuss only linking to disease phenotypes, but it is implied that the same methods could always be used to link v ...
Notes From the Field: How a Molecular Geneticist Got Wet
... wanted to be many things, including a doctor, a lawyer, a veterinarian, and the first woman president. But the thing I loved the most was the ocean, and I spent as much time as possible at the beach, swimming in the waves, combing for shells, and exploring the tide pools. So I have always had this lu ...
... wanted to be many things, including a doctor, a lawyer, a veterinarian, and the first woman president. But the thing I loved the most was the ocean, and I spent as much time as possible at the beach, swimming in the waves, combing for shells, and exploring the tide pools. So I have always had this lu ...
Lecture 13 - Mendel and the Gene Idea, Punnet Squares
... • The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States, striking one out of every 2,500 people of European descent • The cystic fibrosis allele results in defective or absent chloride transport channels in plasma membranes leading to a buildup of chloride ions outside the cell • Symptoms incl ...
... • The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States, striking one out of every 2,500 people of European descent • The cystic fibrosis allele results in defective or absent chloride transport channels in plasma membranes leading to a buildup of chloride ions outside the cell • Symptoms incl ...
in trans
... expect 100 positive tests to have occurred by chance In genomics it is common to do a Multiple-Test Correction on the p-value cutoff * Simplest is the Bonferroni correction but it is way too stringent Divide p-value cutoff by number of tests. eg. 0.01 / 10,000 tests = 10-6 is new cutoff ...
... expect 100 positive tests to have occurred by chance In genomics it is common to do a Multiple-Test Correction on the p-value cutoff * Simplest is the Bonferroni correction but it is way too stringent Divide p-value cutoff by number of tests. eg. 0.01 / 10,000 tests = 10-6 is new cutoff ...
Inferring causal relationships among intermediate phenotypes and
... RF, SE and RF is absent in the control group, their presence in the case group is an indication of ‘interaction’ among them (Clayton and McKeigue, 2001). ...
... RF, SE and RF is absent in the control group, their presence in the case group is an indication of ‘interaction’ among them (Clayton and McKeigue, 2001). ...
Ch10planttransformation
... cross (for example, F1 or BC progeny) Phenotype the progeny and identify individuals with extreme trait-phenotypes Construct DNA bulks of the individuals displaying the most extreme trait-phenotypes Genotype the parents and the bulks using hundreds to thousands of DNA-markers Identify those markers ...
... cross (for example, F1 or BC progeny) Phenotype the progeny and identify individuals with extreme trait-phenotypes Construct DNA bulks of the individuals displaying the most extreme trait-phenotypes Genotype the parents and the bulks using hundreds to thousands of DNA-markers Identify those markers ...
Naturally occurring genetic variation affects Drosophila
... development. Though often regarded as a nuisance, since it hampers the molecular genetic dissection of particular processes, genetic variation is interesting to study from a number of perspectives. First, it provides the material basis for biological evolution. It is thus important to know the distr ...
... development. Though often regarded as a nuisance, since it hampers the molecular genetic dissection of particular processes, genetic variation is interesting to study from a number of perspectives. First, it provides the material basis for biological evolution. It is thus important to know the distr ...
Professor Anthony Monaco - AWARES, the All Wales Autism Resource
... Twin Studies • Identical twins share 100% of their genes. • Non-identical twins share on average 50% of their genes. ...
... Twin Studies • Identical twins share 100% of their genes. • Non-identical twins share on average 50% of their genes. ...
Genetics of Indo-European populations: the past, the future*
... We do not expect that the history of Indo-Europeans followed the same clear model as that of the North Caucasians. It is therefore even more interesting to apply the same methodology to the IE case. So far, we have performed only one, but the most important kind of analysis — the correlation analysi ...
... We do not expect that the history of Indo-Europeans followed the same clear model as that of the North Caucasians. It is therefore even more interesting to apply the same methodology to the IE case. So far, we have performed only one, but the most important kind of analysis — the correlation analysi ...
Punnett PP
... Heterozygous individuals have two different alleles for a gene – like the rat in the do now. (Hetero = different) ◦ Example: Bb = one brown eye allele, one blue eye allele ...
... Heterozygous individuals have two different alleles for a gene – like the rat in the do now. (Hetero = different) ◦ Example: Bb = one brown eye allele, one blue eye allele ...
ap pedigrees - apbiologypathways
... Autosomal Dominant vs. Recessive • Things to look for – Autosomal Recessive traits • Occur less often • Skip generations • Two parents with the trait MUST give the trait to their kids ...
... Autosomal Dominant vs. Recessive • Things to look for – Autosomal Recessive traits • Occur less often • Skip generations • Two parents with the trait MUST give the trait to their kids ...
Statistical methods for detecting signals of natural selection
... distinguished in experimental data? These questions turn out to be more complex than they seem, and remain still largely open. Proximal answers exist (e.g. Martin et al. 2008; Merilä& Crnokrak 2001; Whitlock 1999 and this thesis), but they are based on simplifying assumptions. Before discussing the ...
... distinguished in experimental data? These questions turn out to be more complex than they seem, and remain still largely open. Proximal answers exist (e.g. Martin et al. 2008; Merilä& Crnokrak 2001; Whitlock 1999 and this thesis), but they are based on simplifying assumptions. Before discussing the ...
Twin study
Twin studies reveal the absolute and relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individuals in a sample. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics and in content fields, from biology to psychology. Twin studies are part of the methods used in behavior genetics, which includes all data that are genetically informative – siblings, adoptees, pedigree data etc.Twins are a valuable source for observation because they allow the study of varying family environments (across pairs) and widely differing genetic makeup: ""identical"" or monozygotic (MZ) twins share nearly 100% of their genes, which means that most differences between the twins (such as height, susceptibility to boredom, intelligence, depression, etc.) is due to experiences that one twin has but not the other twin. ""Fraternal"" or dizygotic (DZ) twins share only about 50% of their genes. Thus powerful tests of the effects of genes can be made. Twins share many aspects of their environment (e.g., uterine environment, parenting style, education, wealth, culture, community) by virtue of being born in the same time and place. The presence of a given genetic trait in only one member of a pair of identical twins (called discordance) provides a powerful window into environmental effects.The classical twin design compares the similarity of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. If identical twins are considerably more similar than fraternal twins (which is found for most traits), this implicates that genes play an important role in these traits. By comparing many hundreds of families of twins, researchers can then understand more about the roles of genetic effects, shared environment, and unique environment in shaping behavior.Modern twin studies have shown that almost all traits are in part influenced by genetic differences, with some characteristics showing a strong influence (e.g. height), others an intermediate level (e.g. personality traits) and some more complex heritabilities, with evidence for different genes affecting different aspects of the trait — as in the case of autism.