LESSON 17.1
... scientists could study how and why variation occurs. Today, techniques of molecular genetics are used to form and test many hypotheses about heritable variation and natural selection. Modern genetics enables us to understand, better than Darwin ever could, how evolution works. ...
... scientists could study how and why variation occurs. Today, techniques of molecular genetics are used to form and test many hypotheses about heritable variation and natural selection. Modern genetics enables us to understand, better than Darwin ever could, how evolution works. ...
notes
... • “Fitness” means the relative ability of organisms to survive and pass on genes • Alleles can affect fitness: – In most cases not at all (neutral) – Sometimes to decrease it (deleterious) – Very rarely to increase it (advantageous) ...
... • “Fitness” means the relative ability of organisms to survive and pass on genes • Alleles can affect fitness: – In most cases not at all (neutral) – Sometimes to decrease it (deleterious) – Very rarely to increase it (advantageous) ...
Whose got Genes?
... fruits that would result from crossbreeding two plants in his father’s garden Picture taken from biography.com Baker 2003/2004 ...
... fruits that would result from crossbreeding two plants in his father’s garden Picture taken from biography.com Baker 2003/2004 ...
Complex Patterns of Inheritance
... Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question 1. What term refers to the actual genetic make-up of a trait? Example: Yy or RR 2. What term refers to the gene that is NOT expressed when two different genes for a trait are present in a gene pair? 4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen ...
... Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question 1. What term refers to the actual genetic make-up of a trait? Example: Yy or RR 2. What term refers to the gene that is NOT expressed when two different genes for a trait are present in a gene pair? 4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen ...
Chapter 9 - Heritability
... Apparently there are genetic differences that control how each responds to the environment This is a demonstration of phenotypic plasticity ...
... Apparently there are genetic differences that control how each responds to the environment This is a demonstration of phenotypic plasticity ...
INHERITANCE
... effects of many genes and environmental factors. In complex inheritance, one genotype can have many possible phenotypes, depending on the environment, or one phenotype can include many possible genotypes. A complex trait shows a continuous gradation of small differences between extremes among indivi ...
... effects of many genes and environmental factors. In complex inheritance, one genotype can have many possible phenotypes, depending on the environment, or one phenotype can include many possible genotypes. A complex trait shows a continuous gradation of small differences between extremes among indivi ...
Heredity Notes/Punnett squares
... 7) purebred: an organism that inherits the same alleles for a particular trait. 8) hybrid: an organism that inherits two different alleles for a trait. 9) Punnett square: a tool used to visualize all of the possible combinations of alleles from parents. ...
... 7) purebred: an organism that inherits the same alleles for a particular trait. 8) hybrid: an organism that inherits two different alleles for a trait. 9) Punnett square: a tool used to visualize all of the possible combinations of alleles from parents. ...
GRADE-8 SCIENCE
... some traits are the result of several ___________________ acting together. An example of the latter is in the case of many different ________________________ shades in people. These traits are referred to as being “polygenetic”. 3. In addition to the genotype of an organism, many physical traits (ph ...
... some traits are the result of several ___________________ acting together. An example of the latter is in the case of many different ________________________ shades in people. These traits are referred to as being “polygenetic”. 3. In addition to the genotype of an organism, many physical traits (ph ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... word for heterozygous 2. _____ something that has more than one gene controlling it 3. _____ different form of a gene 4. _____ genetic cross where two traits are examined at once 5. _____ one allele does not completely suppress the other, the phenotypes mix 6. _____ chromosomes line up randomly duri ...
... word for heterozygous 2. _____ something that has more than one gene controlling it 3. _____ different form of a gene 4. _____ genetic cross where two traits are examined at once 5. _____ one allele does not completely suppress the other, the phenotypes mix 6. _____ chromosomes line up randomly duri ...
supplementary material
... multiple eQTLs on the same chromosome had significant effects on the same etrait, they had to be separated by at least two insignificant markers to be regarded as different eQTLs. To identify chromosomal regions affecting multiple etraits, the eQTL regions of two different etraits were combined into ...
... multiple eQTLs on the same chromosome had significant effects on the same etrait, they had to be separated by at least two insignificant markers to be regarded as different eQTLs. To identify chromosomal regions affecting multiple etraits, the eQTL regions of two different etraits were combined into ...
Slide 1
... Aim of QTL mapping… LOCALIZE and then IDENTIFY a locus that regulates a trait (QTL) • Locus: Nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides with variation in the population, with different variants associated with ...
... Aim of QTL mapping… LOCALIZE and then IDENTIFY a locus that regulates a trait (QTL) • Locus: Nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides with variation in the population, with different variants associated with ...
Pedigrees
... 3. Assign genotypes to affected (shaded) individuals first. – If Autosomal then use two alleles to show inheritance. (AA, Aa or aa for example) – In Sex-linked the shaded males will carry the gene (XcY) and be ...
... 3. Assign genotypes to affected (shaded) individuals first. – If Autosomal then use two alleles to show inheritance. (AA, Aa or aa for example) – In Sex-linked the shaded males will carry the gene (XcY) and be ...
What are gene polymorphisms and how can we use them in
... effective dose of these drugs in children with leukaemia ...
... effective dose of these drugs in children with leukaemia ...
what causes dominance
... describes no properties to hidden alleles, which cannot be directly inspected. Traits are not always reliable benchmarks. But many conditions can be d or r, depending on different mutations (even at the same locus). MIM said that they would stop classifying autosomal traits as dom. or rec. was that ...
... describes no properties to hidden alleles, which cannot be directly inspected. Traits are not always reliable benchmarks. But many conditions can be d or r, depending on different mutations (even at the same locus). MIM said that they would stop classifying autosomal traits as dom. or rec. was that ...
Punnett Squares
... A number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur If you toss a coin, what is the probability that it will land on heads? 1 in 2 = ½ = 50% ...
... A number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur If you toss a coin, what is the probability that it will land on heads? 1 in 2 = ½ = 50% ...
Defining Genetic Diversity (within a population)
... •Increases genetic variation within populations because it brings in new alleles. •Reduces genetic differences among populations, because alleles are being exchanged •E.g., Five populations with different initial frequencies (p) of allele a connected by a migration rate (m) of 0.05. ...
... •Increases genetic variation within populations because it brings in new alleles. •Reduces genetic differences among populations, because alleles are being exchanged •E.g., Five populations with different initial frequencies (p) of allele a connected by a migration rate (m) of 0.05. ...
1 Study questions: Part 1 (popgen and QG). First Exam. Evolution
... What are the consequences of assuming an infinite population size in the model with respect to the spread of a recessive beneficial allele? How might this be different in small populations? (note: ...
... What are the consequences of assuming an infinite population size in the model with respect to the spread of a recessive beneficial allele? How might this be different in small populations? (note: ...
Punnett Squares PPT
... exist (IA, IB, and i), which results in four different possible blood types 3. Hair Color – Too many alleles exist to count ...
... exist (IA, IB, and i), which results in four different possible blood types 3. Hair Color – Too many alleles exist to count ...
Introduction to Genetics
... Mendel’s Conclusions 1. Biological inheritance is determined by factors (genes) that are passed from one generation to the next Each trait is controlled by one gene occurring in two contrasting forms – the different forms of each gene are called alleles for example, the gene for plant height has al ...
... Mendel’s Conclusions 1. Biological inheritance is determined by factors (genes) that are passed from one generation to the next Each trait is controlled by one gene occurring in two contrasting forms – the different forms of each gene are called alleles for example, the gene for plant height has al ...
Twin study
Twin studies reveal the absolute and relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individuals in a sample. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics and in content fields, from biology to psychology. Twin studies are part of the methods used in behavior genetics, which includes all data that are genetically informative – siblings, adoptees, pedigree data etc.Twins are a valuable source for observation because they allow the study of varying family environments (across pairs) and widely differing genetic makeup: ""identical"" or monozygotic (MZ) twins share nearly 100% of their genes, which means that most differences between the twins (such as height, susceptibility to boredom, intelligence, depression, etc.) is due to experiences that one twin has but not the other twin. ""Fraternal"" or dizygotic (DZ) twins share only about 50% of their genes. Thus powerful tests of the effects of genes can be made. Twins share many aspects of their environment (e.g., uterine environment, parenting style, education, wealth, culture, community) by virtue of being born in the same time and place. The presence of a given genetic trait in only one member of a pair of identical twins (called discordance) provides a powerful window into environmental effects.The classical twin design compares the similarity of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. If identical twins are considerably more similar than fraternal twins (which is found for most traits), this implicates that genes play an important role in these traits. By comparing many hundreds of families of twins, researchers can then understand more about the roles of genetic effects, shared environment, and unique environment in shaping behavior.Modern twin studies have shown that almost all traits are in part influenced by genetic differences, with some characteristics showing a strong influence (e.g. height), others an intermediate level (e.g. personality traits) and some more complex heritabilities, with evidence for different genes affecting different aspects of the trait — as in the case of autism.