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Plants as food, selective breeding and microorganisms causing food
... sister process of natural selection – see 5.5 Natural Selection – except using artificial selection pressures to ‘select’ the most adapt variations of a species). Selective breeding involves choosing a pair of animals or plants that display the most desirable characteristics. There are three main st ...
... sister process of natural selection – see 5.5 Natural Selection – except using artificial selection pressures to ‘select’ the most adapt variations of a species). Selective breeding involves choosing a pair of animals or plants that display the most desirable characteristics. There are three main st ...
Plant and Animal Domestication
... • Eventually have desirable plants growing close-by • Protection from foragers • Seed collection ...
... • Eventually have desirable plants growing close-by • Protection from foragers • Seed collection ...
Lecture 20 Notes
... Gene interactions, including dominance (subscript D) and epistasis (subscript I), are created anew depending upon the specific combination of alleles that offspring acquire from their parents ...
... Gene interactions, including dominance (subscript D) and epistasis (subscript I), are created anew depending upon the specific combination of alleles that offspring acquire from their parents ...
Genetic parameters for lean meat yield, meat quality, reproduction
... component of the industry's efforts to improve productivity and product quality. Reliable estimates of all genetic parameters associated with the traits of economic importance are essential for maximising genetic gains in production and product quality from modern breeding programs. Past studies in ...
... component of the industry's efforts to improve productivity and product quality. Reliable estimates of all genetic parameters associated with the traits of economic importance are essential for maximising genetic gains in production and product quality from modern breeding programs. Past studies in ...
Inheritance notes - Shawlands Academy
... He grew both kinds of pea plants and when they flowered he transferred pollen from a small plant to a tall plant and vice versa. When he has fertilised the flowers, he waited for the seeds, planted them and observed what height they grew to. This generation of plants (F1) were all tall. This can be ...
... He grew both kinds of pea plants and when they flowered he transferred pollen from a small plant to a tall plant and vice versa. When he has fertilised the flowers, he waited for the seeds, planted them and observed what height they grew to. This generation of plants (F1) were all tall. This can be ...
Homology– Evidence of a Common Ancestor
... •We humans have been selecting characteristics of pets and domesticated plants and animals for thousands of years. In many cases, we have dramatically changed how species look and behave. •In some ways, animals do this too both through sexual selection and natural selection itself. ...
... •We humans have been selecting characteristics of pets and domesticated plants and animals for thousands of years. In many cases, we have dramatically changed how species look and behave. •In some ways, animals do this too both through sexual selection and natural selection itself. ...
Optimisation of long term breeding including grandparental balance
... Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single full sib family, thus variance components are within family. That is explained and correct, but may still be misleading. In coming papers we will give it for ...
... Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single full sib family, thus variance components are within family. That is explained and correct, but may still be misleading. In coming papers we will give it for ...
Genetic Transfer PPT
... For EPD values to be used effectively, one needs to know the breed averages, the accuracy of the EPDs, and who estimated the EPDs. A high EPD is not necessarily good; it depends on the trait being considered and breeding objectives. ...
... For EPD values to be used effectively, one needs to know the breed averages, the accuracy of the EPDs, and who estimated the EPDs. A high EPD is not necessarily good; it depends on the trait being considered and breeding objectives. ...
LK0653 Executive Summary
... address optimal breeding goals for growth, conformation, calving and composition traits and to exploit any net benefits from heterozygotes. In reaching the decisions on breeding targets it will be necessary to weigh the different traits affected taking into account whether the effects of the gene ar ...
... address optimal breeding goals for growth, conformation, calving and composition traits and to exploit any net benefits from heterozygotes. In reaching the decisions on breeding targets it will be necessary to weigh the different traits affected taking into account whether the effects of the gene ar ...
Heritability: The evolution of quantitative traits by artificial selection
... the diversity of life on earth. Some have called natural selection a deceptively simple concept, or instilled it with purposeful intent. However, natural selection is in essence a mathematical process. It is simply differential survival and reproduction. Natural selection does not lead to differenti ...
... the diversity of life on earth. Some have called natural selection a deceptively simple concept, or instilled it with purposeful intent. However, natural selection is in essence a mathematical process. It is simply differential survival and reproduction. Natural selection does not lead to differenti ...
variation and selection
... Distinguish between phenotypic variation and genetic variation Continuous variation e.g. height in humans Discontinuous variation e.g. tongue rolling Record and present the results of investigations into continuous and discontinuous variation ...
... Distinguish between phenotypic variation and genetic variation Continuous variation e.g. height in humans Discontinuous variation e.g. tongue rolling Record and present the results of investigations into continuous and discontinuous variation ...
Chapter 1 Basic Building Blocks and Structure of Animal Breeding
... interest in a population through genetic selection such that some overall goal is achieved or enhanced. The overall goal can usually be described in economic terms (e.g. maximize profit per animal per year) and will be discussed further in chapter 7. There are many factors that determine the success ...
... interest in a population through genetic selection such that some overall goal is achieved or enhanced. The overall goal can usually be described in economic terms (e.g. maximize profit per animal per year) and will be discussed further in chapter 7. There are many factors that determine the success ...
Vegetables: DNA-based Marker Assisted Selection
... Faster, Cheaper, More Reliable; These are some of the goals that vegetable breeders at seed companies and public institutions desire for improving their ability to develop new varieties with beneficial traits. The quality, efficiency and economy of a breeder’s methods for variety selection and advan ...
... Faster, Cheaper, More Reliable; These are some of the goals that vegetable breeders at seed companies and public institutions desire for improving their ability to develop new varieties with beneficial traits. The quality, efficiency and economy of a breeder’s methods for variety selection and advan ...
Animal breeding from infinitesimal model to MAS: The case of a backcross design in dairy sheep (Sarda x Lacaune) and its possible impact on selection
... At first glance, the economic importance of dairy sheep seems to be low. Milk sheep production is 1.3 % of the total milk production in Italy. The Mediterranean basin, with 60% of total world production, is the most important area. The dairy sheep industry is usually based on local breeds which are ...
... At first glance, the economic importance of dairy sheep seems to be low. Milk sheep production is 1.3 % of the total milk production in Italy. The Mediterranean basin, with 60% of total world production, is the most important area. The dairy sheep industry is usually based on local breeds which are ...
Molecular markers and their applications in cereals breeding
... humid areas of the word. In Central Europe, severe natural epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) occur once or twice in a decade and can sharply reduce yield and quality of susceptible genotypes. Deoxynivalenol (DON) are harmful to humans, because they are highly heat stable and cannot be eliminat ...
... humid areas of the word. In Central Europe, severe natural epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) occur once or twice in a decade and can sharply reduce yield and quality of susceptible genotypes. Deoxynivalenol (DON) are harmful to humans, because they are highly heat stable and cannot be eliminat ...
The Clegg Collection - UC Agriculture and Natural Resources
... An unusual population of avocado trees may soon suffer the same fate as many commercial orchards elsewhere in California: its water supply will be cut off and the trees fed to a wood chipper. And yet these trees (Fig. 1) potentially hold a key to the avocado’s future: they are the cornerstone of sci ...
... An unusual population of avocado trees may soon suffer the same fate as many commercial orchards elsewhere in California: its water supply will be cut off and the trees fed to a wood chipper. And yet these trees (Fig. 1) potentially hold a key to the avocado’s future: they are the cornerstone of sci ...
Founder`s Effect - Weimaraner Club of America
... In the world of purebred registered dogs, it can easily be demonstrated that the most popular dogs are those who are more likely to have influence over future generations. At the same time these same animals can also be shown to have contributed a disproportionately higher number of defective genes ...
... In the world of purebred registered dogs, it can easily be demonstrated that the most popular dogs are those who are more likely to have influence over future generations. At the same time these same animals can also be shown to have contributed a disproportionately higher number of defective genes ...
Henry7SCI4 (H7SCIALL)
... from this tall, white-flowered parent tree. The cuttings grow up into new cherry trees. What is true about the offspring cherry trees produced from cuttings? A. The offspring trees will be inferior to the parent tree. B. The offspring trees are clones of the parent tree and should look very similar. ...
... from this tall, white-flowered parent tree. The cuttings grow up into new cherry trees. What is true about the offspring cherry trees produced from cuttings? A. The offspring trees will be inferior to the parent tree. B. The offspring trees are clones of the parent tree and should look very similar. ...
beef cattle genetics - Michigan State University
... • Generation Interval (GI) is the average age of the parents when their progeny are born. • In beef cattle herds the average generation interval is 5 to 6 years. • Theoretically, it could be as short as 2 years, but one would have to mate yearling bulls to yearling heifers and replace the parents ea ...
... • Generation Interval (GI) is the average age of the parents when their progeny are born. • In beef cattle herds the average generation interval is 5 to 6 years. • Theoretically, it could be as short as 2 years, but one would have to mate yearling bulls to yearling heifers and replace the parents ea ...
Eye - CMA`s English Mastiffs
... How do we identify an inherited eye disease? Although there are noteworthy exceptions, most of the ocular diseases of dogs which are presumed to be hereditary have not been adequately documented. Genetic studies require examination of large numbers of related animals in order to characterize the dis ...
... How do we identify an inherited eye disease? Although there are noteworthy exceptions, most of the ocular diseases of dogs which are presumed to be hereditary have not been adequately documented. Genetic studies require examination of large numbers of related animals in order to characterize the dis ...
IUFRO DIVISION 2 JOINT CONFERENCE
... 3. Low-input breeding of secondary forest species is thus far unusual, often relying on phenotypic selection of above-average trees to be parents of ongoing generations while maintaining adaptive genetic variation. 4. Ex-situ genetic conservation can be justified for species in danger of extinction ...
... 3. Low-input breeding of secondary forest species is thus far unusual, often relying on phenotypic selection of above-average trees to be parents of ongoing generations while maintaining adaptive genetic variation. 4. Ex-situ genetic conservation can be justified for species in danger of extinction ...
He made extensive explorations in Eretz (Israel) and neighboring
... Swaminathan's early researches (1947-60) included the elucidation of the origin and differentiation of cultivated potato (Solarium tuberosum Linn.), cytogenetic interrelationships among Triticum spp, induction of mutations for qualitative and poly genie traits in wheat, methodologies for detecting a ...
... Swaminathan's early researches (1947-60) included the elucidation of the origin and differentiation of cultivated potato (Solarium tuberosum Linn.), cytogenetic interrelationships among Triticum spp, induction of mutations for qualitative and poly genie traits in wheat, methodologies for detecting a ...
Genotype, Phenotype, Purebred Breeding, and Crossbreeding
... Crossbreeding: The breeding of two different pure breeds. ...
... Crossbreeding: The breeding of two different pure breeds. ...
Breeding strategies - Tree Improvement Program
... • All of these models may hold true for different traits, however we chose to model the expression of major deleterious recessive genes as this type of effect has been observed in previous loblolly pine studies • While inbreeding depression can occur among full sibs or other related individuals, sel ...
... • All of these models may hold true for different traits, however we chose to model the expression of major deleterious recessive genes as this type of effect has been observed in previous loblolly pine studies • While inbreeding depression can occur among full sibs or other related individuals, sel ...
Ne - reproseed
... • Exclusion (PROBMAX, VITASSIGN, FAP): – Checks compatibility of offspring and parental genotypes with Mendelian inheritance – Highly sensitive to genotyping errors, but this can be corrected with high power (>99%) of locus set and allowing for mismatches – No match ? genotyping error or “foreign” i ...
... • Exclusion (PROBMAX, VITASSIGN, FAP): – Checks compatibility of offspring and parental genotypes with Mendelian inheritance – Highly sensitive to genotyping errors, but this can be corrected with high power (>99%) of locus set and allowing for mismatches – No match ? genotyping error or “foreign” i ...
Selective breeding
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sectio_caesarea.jpg?width=300)
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars in plants. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional ""breeder’s approach"" in which the breeder or experimenter applies ""a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait"" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or ""extreme values"" of that trait. The second is called ""controlled natural selection,"" which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested ""survive or reproduce,"" as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also ""selection experiments,"" which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the ""strength of natural selection in the wild."" However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been an interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.