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Web link - Biobits
Web link - Biobits

... plant organs, mostly roots, are in fact the preferred niche for soil fungi, which live in the rhizosphere as saprotrophs or are directly associated with photosynthetic plants as mycorrhizal symbionts. The latter represent a vital component in plant ecosystems: They are widely distributed in natural ...
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... Milkweed is a flowering plant that grows groups of tiny flowers. Milkweed has developed a system for being pollinated by butterflies, moths and bees. These flowers collect their pollen in little sacs that are attached to the base of each flower. They also produce sweet nectar that attracts animals t ...
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Land plants, weathering, and Paleozoic climatic evolution
Land plants, weathering, and Paleozoic climatic evolution

... been inferred from studies of the weathering rate of rocks in young environments, such as recent lava flows colonized by the vegetation (e.g. Moulton et al., 2001). Nevertheless, present-day continental areas displaying a dense vegetal cover (equatorial forests) are characterized by low weathering r ...
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Plant tolerance to herbivory

Tolerance is the ability of plants to mitigate the negative fitness effects caused by herbivory. It is one of the general plant defense strategies against herbivores, the other being resistance, which is the ability of plants to prevent damage (Strauss and Agrawal 1999). Plant defense strategies play important roles in the survival of plants as they are fed upon by many different types of herbivores, especially insects, which may impose negative fitness effects (Strauss and Zangerl 2002). Damage can occur in almost any part of the plants, including the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds (Strauss and Zergerl 2002). In response to herbivory, plants have evolved a wide variety of defense mechanisms and although relatively less studied than resistance strategies, tolerance traits play a major role in plant defense (Strauss and Zergerl 2002, Rosenthal and Kotanen 1995).Traits that confer tolerance are controlled genetically and therefore are heritable traits under selection (Strauss and Agrawal 1999). Many factors intrinsic to the plants, such as growth rate, storage capacity, photosynthetic rates and nutrient allocation and uptake, can affect the extent to which plants can tolerate damage (Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994). Extrinsic factors such as soil nutrition, carbon dioxide levels, light levels, water availability and competition also have an effect on tolerance (Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994).
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