The Arabidopsis stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase
... RNA quality and concentration were determined by gel electrophoresis and determination of A260. Reverse transcription (RT) and first strand cDNA synthesis was carried out using Superscript II (Invitrogen). Two to three independent RNA preparations were used for RTPCR and each of these were analyzed ...
... RNA quality and concentration were determined by gel electrophoresis and determination of A260. Reverse transcription (RT) and first strand cDNA synthesis was carried out using Superscript II (Invitrogen). Two to three independent RNA preparations were used for RTPCR and each of these were analyzed ...
Excess carbon in aquatic organisms and ecosystems: Physiological
... implications for food-web function and the fate and sequestration of C in ecosystems (Hessen et al. 2004). For example, Cebrian (1999) made the intriguing discovery that autotroph stoichiometry governs the accumulation and burial of refractory detritus in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In ...
... implications for food-web function and the fate and sequestration of C in ecosystems (Hessen et al. 2004). For example, Cebrian (1999) made the intriguing discovery that autotroph stoichiometry governs the accumulation and burial of refractory detritus in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In ...
practice questions
... P) Both male and female flowers usually in catkins Q) Unisexual flowers; wind pollinated; female flowers subtended by many bracts ...
... P) Both male and female flowers usually in catkins Q) Unisexual flowers; wind pollinated; female flowers subtended by many bracts ...
Characterisation of three shoot apical meristem
... phyllotaxy did not change on transition to floral growth. All the mutant lines studied show deviations from this phyllotaxy. A precise analysis of leaf divergence angles is not practical for large numbers of plants but major alterations in the relative positions of leaves can be seen in intact plant ...
... phyllotaxy did not change on transition to floral growth. All the mutant lines studied show deviations from this phyllotaxy. A precise analysis of leaf divergence angles is not practical for large numbers of plants but major alterations in the relative positions of leaves can be seen in intact plant ...
Biomes Part 3 - Fulton County Schools
... different ways to prevent water loss. • Reptiles have thick, scaly skin that prevents water loss. • Amphibians survive by estivating, or burying themselves in the ground and sleeping through the dry season. • Insects are covered with body armor that helps them retain water. • In addition, most deser ...
... different ways to prevent water loss. • Reptiles have thick, scaly skin that prevents water loss. • Amphibians survive by estivating, or burying themselves in the ground and sleeping through the dry season. • Insects are covered with body armor that helps them retain water. • In addition, most deser ...
MICROPROPAGATION OF MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana)1)
... afterward, seedlings from the in vitro culture have had more than five leaf pairs (Figure 1G). The shoot growth was under a compatible condition with the root growth. When the plant was taken of from the growth medium without rootlets, it showed better growth as indicated by the growth of secondary ...
... afterward, seedlings from the in vitro culture have had more than five leaf pairs (Figure 1G). The shoot growth was under a compatible condition with the root growth. When the plant was taken of from the growth medium without rootlets, it showed better growth as indicated by the growth of secondary ...
Shade perennial gardening
... Plant of the Year by Perennial Plant Association Part to full shade Moist, fertile soil Colorful foliage 18” tall by 2 feet wide Athyrium niponicum var. pictum ...
... Plant of the Year by Perennial Plant Association Part to full shade Moist, fertile soil Colorful foliage 18” tall by 2 feet wide Athyrium niponicum var. pictum ...
See pdf regarding this weed - WSU Extension
... weed is often associated with other invasive weeds, particularly spotted knapweed, which it has been known to dominate or to accompany in co-dominating other vegetative species. Because of its high tannin content, most livestock and wildlife won’t feed on sulfur cinquefoil. Therefore, its presence r ...
... weed is often associated with other invasive weeds, particularly spotted knapweed, which it has been known to dominate or to accompany in co-dominating other vegetative species. Because of its high tannin content, most livestock and wildlife won’t feed on sulfur cinquefoil. Therefore, its presence r ...
03 Chapter - simonbaruchcurriculum
... • Nonvascular plants also can reproduce asexually. For example, if a piece of a moss gametophyte plant breaks off, it can grow into a new plant. • Liverworts can form small balls of cells on the surface of the gametophyte plant. These are carried away by water and grow into new gametophyte plants if ...
... • Nonvascular plants also can reproduce asexually. For example, if a piece of a moss gametophyte plant breaks off, it can grow into a new plant. • Liverworts can form small balls of cells on the surface of the gametophyte plant. These are carried away by water and grow into new gametophyte plants if ...
Phytochemistry 1
... The part used is the leaf of the plant thick leaves contains juice (Latex) we get glycosides by pressing the leaves either by using glass material or stainless-steal , we should avoid using any metal like iron cupper or zinc because they interact with the chemical components in the plant. Also we ...
... The part used is the leaf of the plant thick leaves contains juice (Latex) we get glycosides by pressing the leaves either by using glass material or stainless-steal , we should avoid using any metal like iron cupper or zinc because they interact with the chemical components in the plant. Also we ...
25 | seedless plants
... few inches off the ground, competing for light on these low mats. By developing a shoot and growing taller, individual plants captured more light. Because air offers substantially less support than water, land plants incorporated more rigid molecules in their stems (and later, tree trunks). In small ...
... few inches off the ground, competing for light on these low mats. By developing a shoot and growing taller, individual plants captured more light. Because air offers substantially less support than water, land plants incorporated more rigid molecules in their stems (and later, tree trunks). In small ...
The intertwined metabolism of Medicago truncatula and its nitrogen
... useful to help understanding the structure and regulation of metabolic networks (Poolman et al., 2009; Nikerel ...
... useful to help understanding the structure and regulation of metabolic networks (Poolman et al., 2009; Nikerel ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
... Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
Lab Packet II
... The vascular plants possess true conducting tissue consisting of xylem and phloem. They are said to possess true leaves, roots and stems. The also possess supporting tissue for more upright growth, stomata (small pores) for the exchange of gases, and a protective layer of cutin which forms a cuticle ...
... The vascular plants possess true conducting tissue consisting of xylem and phloem. They are said to possess true leaves, roots and stems. The also possess supporting tissue for more upright growth, stomata (small pores) for the exchange of gases, and a protective layer of cutin which forms a cuticle ...
Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants and their common
... tubers and turions in the spring, the leafy stems growing rapidly (about 2 cm per day) toward the surface. Flowers, turions and tubers are produced during the growing season. The turions drop to the sediments when the leafy vegetation begins to break up in the fall. The plants die back completely to ...
... tubers and turions in the spring, the leafy stems growing rapidly (about 2 cm per day) toward the surface. Flowers, turions and tubers are produced during the growing season. The turions drop to the sediments when the leafy vegetation begins to break up in the fall. The plants die back completely to ...
Comparison between diploid and tetraploid citrus
... morphological characteristics that are different among plants with different levels of ploidy, while polyploid plants have a more compact form and reduced size when compared to diploid plants.The results of this study are also consistent with data obtained by Allario et al. (2011) who compared the h ...
... morphological characteristics that are different among plants with different levels of ploidy, while polyploid plants have a more compact form and reduced size when compared to diploid plants.The results of this study are also consistent with data obtained by Allario et al. (2011) who compared the h ...
SORGHUM PRODUCTION
... conditions of approximately 400 mm in the drier western parts to about 800 mm in the wetter eastern parts. Drought tolerance Sorghum is able to tolerate drought better than most other grain crops and can be attributed to: An exceptionally well developed and finely branched root system, which is very ...
... conditions of approximately 400 mm in the drier western parts to about 800 mm in the wetter eastern parts. Drought tolerance Sorghum is able to tolerate drought better than most other grain crops and can be attributed to: An exceptionally well developed and finely branched root system, which is very ...
Plants - Troy City Schools
... and can branch, or divide. However, only stems grow leaves. Leaves grow from buds produced by growth tissue in a plant’s stems. The bud of an oak tree is shown on page 381. Plant stems are structures with more than one function. You have read that a plant’s stem includes its vascular system, which a ...
... and can branch, or divide. However, only stems grow leaves. Leaves grow from buds produced by growth tissue in a plant’s stems. The bud of an oak tree is shown on page 381. Plant stems are structures with more than one function. You have read that a plant’s stem includes its vascular system, which a ...
Microbiology 146:
... To isolate the R. etli glt genes by growth complementation of strain TAD12, we used a R. etli genomic library cloned in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pLAFR1 (Dura! n et al., 1996). Cosmids from the genomic library maintained in E. coli HB101 were conjugated into strain TAD12 and those transconj ...
... To isolate the R. etli glt genes by growth complementation of strain TAD12, we used a R. etli genomic library cloned in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pLAFR1 (Dura! n et al., 1996). Cosmids from the genomic library maintained in E. coli HB101 were conjugated into strain TAD12 and those transconj ...
Ad 12: Plant: growth type
... The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. The size of the plots should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement and counting with ...
... The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. The size of the plots should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement and counting with ...
The Coconut Palm in Florida - Collier County Extension Office
... leaflet and leaf width, growth rates, presence or absence of a swollen trunk base or bole, adaptibility to Florida's soil conditions, and resistance to lethal yellowing disease. The 'Jamaican Tall' (='Atlantic Tall') is a rapid-growing variety with a swollen trunk base and crooked trunk. It is well- ...
... leaflet and leaf width, growth rates, presence or absence of a swollen trunk base or bole, adaptibility to Florida's soil conditions, and resistance to lethal yellowing disease. The 'Jamaican Tall' (='Atlantic Tall') is a rapid-growing variety with a swollen trunk base and crooked trunk. It is well- ...
Macmillan Learning
... To a certain extent, our bodies can compensate for a deficiency in one or another nutrient by synthesizing it from other chemical components. For example, if a particular amino acid is in short supply, cells may be able to make it from another amino acid that is in excess. But there are some nutrien ...
... To a certain extent, our bodies can compensate for a deficiency in one or another nutrient by synthesizing it from other chemical components. For example, if a particular amino acid is in short supply, cells may be able to make it from another amino acid that is in excess. But there are some nutrien ...
Chapter 5 web
... 5.2 Soil Characteristics of Soil Soil Texture • Texture refers to the proportions of different particle sizes. - Sand (large size) - Silt - Clay (small size) • Loam (a mixture of all three sizes) is best suited for plant life. ...
... 5.2 Soil Characteristics of Soil Soil Texture • Texture refers to the proportions of different particle sizes. - Sand (large size) - Silt - Clay (small size) • Loam (a mixture of all three sizes) is best suited for plant life. ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.