soil morphology as an indicator of seasonal high water tables
... compounds like oxidized iron (Fe3+, called ferric iron) to reduced iron(Fe2+, called ferrous iron). The energy thus generated is used to create life-sustaining chemical compounds for the bacteria from soil organic-matter. Basic requirements for this reduction process are absence of oxygen, as induce ...
... compounds like oxidized iron (Fe3+, called ferric iron) to reduced iron(Fe2+, called ferrous iron). The energy thus generated is used to create life-sustaining chemical compounds for the bacteria from soil organic-matter. Basic requirements for this reduction process are absence of oxygen, as induce ...
Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic
... species (marine shrimp and tilapia), this bacterial biomass produced in the intensive zero-exchange systems can be an important source of feed protein, reducing the cost of production and thus improving the overall economics (McIntosh, 1999; Moss, 2002). In the last few years, research demonstrating ...
... species (marine shrimp and tilapia), this bacterial biomass produced in the intensive zero-exchange systems can be an important source of feed protein, reducing the cost of production and thus improving the overall economics (McIntosh, 1999; Moss, 2002). In the last few years, research demonstrating ...
View Full Text-PDF
... Glucoamylases are the most widely used enzymes in industries. In the present work, four different substrates and microorganisms were screened. It was found that, maximum activity of glucoamylase 36.31U/ml was found using wheat bran with A.oryzae NCIM1212. Laboratory scale optimization of some of fer ...
... Glucoamylases are the most widely used enzymes in industries. In the present work, four different substrates and microorganisms were screened. It was found that, maximum activity of glucoamylase 36.31U/ml was found using wheat bran with A.oryzae NCIM1212. Laboratory scale optimization of some of fer ...
Turnips-Rutabagas
... are 4 inches high. The removed plants will be large enough to use as greens. If you have planted turnips for greens, start to harvest the tops as needed when they are 4 to 6 inches high. Successive plantings at 10-day intervals will provide later harvests of quality roots or greens. Old turnips tend ...
... are 4 inches high. The removed plants will be large enough to use as greens. If you have planted turnips for greens, start to harvest the tops as needed when they are 4 to 6 inches high. Successive plantings at 10-day intervals will provide later harvests of quality roots or greens. Old turnips tend ...
Characterization of Phosphorus Forms in Soil Microorganisms
... in lake bacteria, and P in RNA represented 82% of the total bacterial P pool in an oligotrophic lake (Elser et al. 2003). When P was abundant, a lower and more variable proportion of total P was contained in RNA. At constant growth rate of E. coli in a chemostat (see Sect. 2.2.1), the proportion of ...
... in lake bacteria, and P in RNA represented 82% of the total bacterial P pool in an oligotrophic lake (Elser et al. 2003). When P was abundant, a lower and more variable proportion of total P was contained in RNA. At constant growth rate of E. coli in a chemostat (see Sect. 2.2.1), the proportion of ...
PDF - CLIMBERS - University of Michigan
... parasite chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. There was significantly longer mean survival time compared to when the standard drug, chloroquine, was injected (25). P. tricuspidata is known to grow on buildings at many universities throughout the country and is also found in Fenway Par ...
... parasite chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. There was significantly longer mean survival time compared to when the standard drug, chloroquine, was injected (25). P. tricuspidata is known to grow on buildings at many universities throughout the country and is also found in Fenway Par ...
Stem and Root Anatomy and Functions. Vegetative Propagation
... readily used by plants or animals. Symbiotic and non-symbiotic microorganisms have the ability to fix N2 and convert it into NH4+, a form that can be easily absorbed by plants. Nitrogen can also be fixed by industrial N2-fixation which requires high temperatures and catalysts. This "fixed" nitrogen, ...
... readily used by plants or animals. Symbiotic and non-symbiotic microorganisms have the ability to fix N2 and convert it into NH4+, a form that can be easily absorbed by plants. Nitrogen can also be fixed by industrial N2-fixation which requires high temperatures and catalysts. This "fixed" nitrogen, ...
HA Convention 2016 Master course How to Handle Abnormal
... – Causes, Management and Follow up • “Inborn errors of metabolism” (IEM) – a class of genetic disorders with defects of metabolism which are mostly due to single gene defects resulting in defective function of particular enzymes that are essential for conversion of ...
... – Causes, Management and Follow up • “Inborn errors of metabolism” (IEM) – a class of genetic disorders with defects of metabolism which are mostly due to single gene defects resulting in defective function of particular enzymes that are essential for conversion of ...
PLANTS AND HUMAN AFFAIRS - University of Saskatchewan
... Missed exams / Make-up policy: You must take examinations during their scheduled periods. Make-up tests will be allowed only if there are extenuating circumstances, in which case the test will be given orally. If there is a medical problem that causes a student to miss an exam, the student must cont ...
... Missed exams / Make-up policy: You must take examinations during their scheduled periods. Make-up tests will be allowed only if there are extenuating circumstances, in which case the test will be given orally. If there is a medical problem that causes a student to miss an exam, the student must cont ...
Lesson Plan
... B. When fertilization occurs and the parents are genetically different, the resulting offspring is said to be a hybrid. The advantage of hybrids is that the best traits of each parent, such as more vigorous growth, insect and disease resistance, or uniformity, may be expressed in the offspring. C. ...
... B. When fertilization occurs and the parents are genetically different, the resulting offspring is said to be a hybrid. The advantage of hybrids is that the best traits of each parent, such as more vigorous growth, insect and disease resistance, or uniformity, may be expressed in the offspring. C. ...
Plants: The Potential for Extracting Protein, Medicines, and Other
... where interest has not been on the intact organism—whether it be plant, animal, or microbe—but rather on the cell, cell contents, and cell biochemistry. Typical industrial drug development increasingly has involved synthesis of molecules based on structure-activity relationships, and natural product ...
... where interest has not been on the intact organism—whether it be plant, animal, or microbe—but rather on the cell, cell contents, and cell biochemistry. Typical industrial drug development increasingly has involved synthesis of molecules based on structure-activity relationships, and natural product ...
Hedera helix, Hedera canariensis - Cal-IPC
... scarifies the hard seed coat.Algerian ivy is a relatively new invader, so less is known about its reproduction. It is, however, reported to produce a large quantity of viable seed and to have a large root system. ...
... scarifies the hard seed coat.Algerian ivy is a relatively new invader, so less is known about its reproduction. It is, however, reported to produce a large quantity of viable seed and to have a large root system. ...
CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS Review Article MANBIR KAUR
... family (Convolvulaceae) which spreads by rhizome and seed (1). It is a weak-stemmed, prostrate plant that can twine and may form dense tangled mats (2). Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a serious perennial plant that occurs throughout the temperate regions of the world (3). This species is a ...
... family (Convolvulaceae) which spreads by rhizome and seed (1). It is a weak-stemmed, prostrate plant that can twine and may form dense tangled mats (2). Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a serious perennial plant that occurs throughout the temperate regions of the world (3). This species is a ...
Key Vitamins and Minerals lecture 5
... Excess excreted through urine. Generally amount excreted represents intake for the day. Sodium/water ratio delicately balanced by kidneys. Too much sodium, thirst mechanism kicks in, more water dilutes sodium, excesses of both excreted. ...
... Excess excreted through urine. Generally amount excreted represents intake for the day. Sodium/water ratio delicately balanced by kidneys. Too much sodium, thirst mechanism kicks in, more water dilutes sodium, excesses of both excreted. ...
decomposer Powerpoint
... Decomposers break down material, getting the energy they need to live and releasing elements back into the environment to be reused by other organisms. ...
... Decomposers break down material, getting the energy they need to live and releasing elements back into the environment to be reused by other organisms. ...
Phytoremediation of Metals Using Transgenic Plants
... uptake in Brassica (Huang et al., 1998). On the other hand, organic acids can also inhibit metal uptake by forming a complex with it outside the root that is not taken up, for example, citrate inhibits Al uptake in various species (de la Fuente et al., 1997; Moffat, 1999; Pineros and Kochian, 2001; ...
... uptake in Brassica (Huang et al., 1998). On the other hand, organic acids can also inhibit metal uptake by forming a complex with it outside the root that is not taken up, for example, citrate inhibits Al uptake in various species (de la Fuente et al., 1997; Moffat, 1999; Pineros and Kochian, 2001; ...
Poinsettias - WSU Extension
... If given good care in the home, poinsettias should remain attractive for two to three months. In March, cut the stems back to within four to six inches of the soil. When new growth appears, place the poinsettia in a sunny window. Continue to water the plant when the soil surface is dry to the touch. ...
... If given good care in the home, poinsettias should remain attractive for two to three months. In March, cut the stems back to within four to six inches of the soil. When new growth appears, place the poinsettia in a sunny window. Continue to water the plant when the soil surface is dry to the touch. ...
Cycles in the Garden
... a. All organisms undergo stages of development that include being born, developing into adulthood, reproducing and dying. b. Most organisms come from male and female parents. Plants/Needs Enduring Understanding: Species depend on one another and the environment for survival. Energy is transferred th ...
... a. All organisms undergo stages of development that include being born, developing into adulthood, reproducing and dying. b. Most organisms come from male and female parents. Plants/Needs Enduring Understanding: Species depend on one another and the environment for survival. Energy is transferred th ...
Plant systematic and taxonomy
... Camerarius in 1694. He concluded that stamens were male sex organs and pollen was necessary for seed set. He showed that the style and ovary form female sex organs of a flower. • Carolus Linnaeus—(Father of Taxonomy),: (1707-1778), was also known as Carl Linnaeus, Carl Linne, or Carl Von Linne. Wher ...
... Camerarius in 1694. He concluded that stamens were male sex organs and pollen was necessary for seed set. He showed that the style and ovary form female sex organs of a flower. • Carolus Linnaeus—(Father of Taxonomy),: (1707-1778), was also known as Carl Linnaeus, Carl Linne, or Carl Von Linne. Wher ...
Abstract_D._BARLOY_SFE
... Biological invasions are the third cause of biodiversity decline. The water primroses Ludwigia grandiflora is an invasive aquatic species with important economic and ecological impacts in France. Formerly restricted to aquatic ecosystems, this species recently invaded terrestrial habitats, leading t ...
... Biological invasions are the third cause of biodiversity decline. The water primroses Ludwigia grandiflora is an invasive aquatic species with important economic and ecological impacts in France. Formerly restricted to aquatic ecosystems, this species recently invaded terrestrial habitats, leading t ...
preservation of genetic diversity
... Thousands of years ago human began domesticating crops as a food source. Among the wild germplasm available, they selected those that were best adapted for cultivation and utilization. Although wild ancestors have continued to persist in regions where domestication took place, there is a permanent r ...
... Thousands of years ago human began domesticating crops as a food source. Among the wild germplasm available, they selected those that were best adapted for cultivation and utilization. Although wild ancestors have continued to persist in regions where domestication took place, there is a permanent r ...
NATIVE PLANT LIST - Portland Water District
... variety of soil types. Prefers full sun to partial shade. Bright pink flowers bloom in early summer. As the name suggests it is poisonous to livestock. Zones 1-6. Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) Available in standard and ‘Gro-Low’ varieties. Dwarf grows 2 to 3 feet with a 6 to 8 foot spread. A low s ...
... variety of soil types. Prefers full sun to partial shade. Bright pink flowers bloom in early summer. As the name suggests it is poisonous to livestock. Zones 1-6. Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) Available in standard and ‘Gro-Low’ varieties. Dwarf grows 2 to 3 feet with a 6 to 8 foot spread. A low s ...
Turfgrass Maintenance Mowing - University of Tennessee Extension
... turfgrasses and their clippings contain essential mineral nutrients and at least 70 percent water. Clippings dehydrate quickly and nutrients are recycled as they decompose. Mow frequently ...
... turfgrasses and their clippings contain essential mineral nutrients and at least 70 percent water. Clippings dehydrate quickly and nutrients are recycled as they decompose. Mow frequently ...
Lec 15 - Development of e
... of these disorders caused by a parasite will result in a diseased plant. Microbes are the major biotic pathogens of plants. The four major groups of microbial plant pathogens are fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses. Less commonly, phytoplasmas (bacteria-like) and viroids (virus-like) also cause ...
... of these disorders caused by a parasite will result in a diseased plant. Microbes are the major biotic pathogens of plants. The four major groups of microbial plant pathogens are fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses. Less commonly, phytoplasmas (bacteria-like) and viroids (virus-like) also cause ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.