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Slide 1
Slide 1

... Plants with seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit, derive their name from the Greek words gymnos (naked) and sperma (seed). In this plant group, the seeds are produced on the open surface of a scale. Unlike flowering plants, the gymnosperms do not form true flowers or fruits. There are four div ...
CMG GardenNotes #135 Plant Structures: Flowers
CMG GardenNotes #135 Plant Structures: Flowers

... When pollinators collect nectar, the hairs on their bodies brush against the pollen and hold it tightly. As the pollinator moves to other flowers of the same species, the pollen can brush off onto the stigma and thus, pollination occurs. To help bees and other pollinators find their way to their ne ...
AGE 3-6+ PLANTS - Life Sciences, Botany
AGE 3-6+ PLANTS - Life Sciences, Botany

... Great Trillium, White Wake Robin, and Bath Flower. Some of the most interesting flowers, corollas, pistils, colors can be found in tiny or grand specimens in nature. Learning this helps open a child's eyes to the wonders of nature all around her. 47 common North American wildflowers are illustrated ...
Study Materials
Study Materials

... (carpels). The anther of the stamen produces haploid pollen grains. In the ovary of the carpel, ovules are present. The female gametophyte (embryo sac) develops within the ovule. The pollen grain produces a pollen tube which releases two male gametes. It fuses with two female gametes. Thus there is ...
Myrsine africana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Myrsine africana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... The shrub can achieve heights of over 2 meters and may be dense if pruned or grown in strong sunlight. The fine­foothed leaves  are at first deep red, but on maturity become glossy and dark green. The cream­coloured flowers appear in spring, with the male  flowers boasting red anthers. Separate shru ...
Home-Invading Root Weevils
Home-Invading Root Weevils

... colored head. This weevil is also associated with strawberries. It is often first seen in May and attempts to control it should be made at this time. LIFE CYCLE AND HABITS Adult root weevils are unable to fly because the wing covers are joined. These flightless adults are females that develop from u ...
the nursery - World Agroforestry Centre
the nursery - World Agroforestry Centre

... the number of plants required is known, the amount of seeds or other planting stock, as well as the amount of nursery substrate can be calculated and planned for. Timing The most crucial event determining the right time for planting out is the availability of sufficient moisture. Unless irrigation f ...
Conservation Action Plan - Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
Conservation Action Plan - Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden

... On site: beach renourishment causes widening of the beach thereby minimizing effect of salt spray on co-occurring vegetation. Lower concentrations of salt spray on competing vegetation could speed up succession to hammock. The majority of T. angustissima var. curtissii plants within remaining sites ...
Final Seed Challenge 11-25-01
Final Seed Challenge 11-25-01

... Flowering, Pollination, and Fertilization What’s Happening? The flowers bloom. At the growth tip, new flower buds begin to appear. Each bud is protected by four green sepals. Once a flower opens, the sepals are hidden beneath four bright yellow petals. The flower’s center holds a single pistil, whic ...
Plant Physiology - Dover High School
Plant Physiology - Dover High School

... • Stems that are green in color help produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can be quite important in plants with no leaves or very small leaves. • Stems store food that has been manufactured by the plant. ...
Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Seed Plants: Angiosperms

... gametophyte may not take place unless pollen grain: − From different plant of same species − From variety different from that of receiving flower • Pollen tube grows between cells of stigma and style until reaches ovule micropyle • Vegetative nucleus stays at tips of pollen tube, while generative ce ...
Plant Diversity: Flowering Plants
Plant Diversity: Flowering Plants

... fused petals with nectary deeply hidden produce copious quantities of nectar ...
or tree, up to 5m height, with a rounded crown.... ash grey, almost always supporting lichens. Branches armed Dovyalis abyssinica
or tree, up to 5m height, with a rounded crown.... ash grey, almost always supporting lichens. Branches armed Dovyalis abyssinica

... medical properties with alleged effect on gonorrhoea, bilharzias, stomach-ache and fever. The leaves provide fodder for livestock, primarily goats and sheep. Flowers attract bees and the plant is often used as a live fence.Even though some studies might have been done on these plants or from the sam ...
Plant Unit
Plant Unit

... The plant unit is the first major unit of the backyard science curriculum. Therefore, the preassessment is not only for the plant unit. The preassessment is also for the entire backyard science curriculum. Additional preassessments will be given prior to each unit to determine specific prior knowled ...
Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction

... hormone 3.Causes fruits to ripen 4.As fruit become ripe, they produce more and more ethlyene, accelerating the ripening process ...
Plant and Soil
Plant and Soil

... one of the most important producers in South America (Pedraza et al. 2007). Strawberry anthracnose, caused by different species of the fungus Colletotrichum, is one of the most serious diseases affecting the strawberry crop (Salazar et al. 2007). This disease affects almost all plant tissues, produc ...
Training3c_printout
Training3c_printout

... •Key Identifying Traits: Small, deciduous tree or shrub with compound leaves. Lots of dead branches give this plant a ‘trashy’ look. Compound leaf, leaflets have serrated edges. Tree, ht: to 20’, width: 20’. •Other facts: Important habitat plant. It is a food source for birds and other animals. Bird ...
Nutrition in Plants
Nutrition in Plants

... during photosynthesis. Thus, we can say that life would be impossible on the earth in the absence of photosynthesis. Q. 6. What is autotrophic mode of nutrition? How plants prepare their own food? Ans. Autotrophic mode of nutrition. The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from ...
Word Bank cuticle stomata transpiration xylem seed coat
Word Bank cuticle stomata transpiration xylem seed coat

... whether a plant was living in water or land? A. The way photosynthesis occurs B. The way the plant is supported C. The way the water is retained D. The way that materials are transported ...
Word Bank Cuticle stomata transpiration xylem seed coat
Word Bank Cuticle stomata transpiration xylem seed coat

... whether a plant was living in water or land? A. The way photosynthesis occurs B. The way the plant is supported C. The way the water is retained D. The way that materials are transported ...
Evolution Domains Endosymbiont hypothesis Symbiogenesis
Evolution Domains Endosymbiont hypothesis Symbiogenesis

... • What are the two major traits that are used to distinguish the phyla of the plant kingdom (e.g. red algae, brown algae, … etc)? • Name a type of brown algae that you probably eat every day. • What is “agar” used for and what algae produces it (name phylum)? • What algae is responsible for “red tid ...
cell types
cell types

... Re-read today’s lecture, highlight all vocabulary you do not understand, and look up terms. ...
The Temple of Flora
The Temple of Flora

... • Ensures genetic variability. • In many species there are mechanisms to ensure that only cross pollination can take place. ...
Plant Guide COMMON
Plant Guide COMMON

... Common persimmon is sometimes used as an ornamental for its hardiness, adaptability to a wide range of soils and climates, and immunity from disease and insects. Moist, well-drained soils provide best conditions but the plant will tolerate hot, dry, poor soils, including various city conditions. The ...
ch21
ch21

... Seed plants arose starting in the Late Devonian period, about 380 million years ago, and evolved many new lines by the Permian (290-248 million years ago). Gymnosperms dominated the land floras throughout the Mesozoic until about 100 million years ago. Angiosperms appeared in the fossil record about ...
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History of botany



The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers. The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated. The first writings that show human curiosity about plants themselves, rather than the uses that could be made of them, appears in the teachings of Aristotle's student Theophrastus at the Lyceum in ancient Athens in about 350 BC; this is considered the starting point for modern botany. In Europe, this early botanical science was soon overshadowed by a medieval preoccupation with the medicinal properties of plants that lasted more than 1000 years. During this time, the medicinal works of classical antiquity were reproduced in manuscripts and books called herbals. In China and the Arab world, the Greco-Roman work on medicinal plants was preserved and extended.In Europe the Renaissance of the 14th–17th centuries heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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