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(Calendula officinalis L.) plants treated with two chemical mutagenesis
(Calendula officinalis L.) plants treated with two chemical mutagenesis

... and Americas. In the last decade, there were more than 2543 mutant cultivars derived from 175 plant species including ornamentals, cereals, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fibers released in 50 countries worldwide (Chopra, 2005). Chemical mutagenesis is a simple approach used to create mut ...
Complete 2016 Greenhouse Catalog
Complete 2016 Greenhouse Catalog

... S. BCD. Haling from the tropics these showy plants are named for their large, fiery, often flame shaped inflorescences. Plant in masses for a bold bedding display. Rich, moist, but well drained soil. -’Bombay Fire’ Series Cockscomb type flower. Large comb-shaped flowers are perfect for the cutting g ...
Common Plants of Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range
Common Plants of Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range

... the United States, often reaching 6 feet. Although plants spread by short rhizomes, bases are often densely tufted, as in the true bunchgrasses. Leaves are mostly basal, with broad blades. Basal shoots are usually flattened. Leaves vary from very sparsely to densely hairy. Thick, purplish racemes ar ...
Activation of the WUS gene induces ectopic initiation of floral
Activation of the WUS gene induces ectopic initiation of floral

... hand, is inhibited by AG at stage 6, when the carpel primordia have formed. The repression of WUS terminates the stem cell identity in developing flowers and allows gynoecium differentiation (Lenhard et al., 2001; Lohmann et al., 2001). The formation of different types of meristems is dependent on thei ...
Garden peas (Pisum sativum)
Garden peas (Pisum sativum)

... with secondary centres in southern Asia and the Mediterranean region. Archaeological evidence of the use of peas dating from 8000 BC has been found in the Fertile Crescent. The first cultivation of peas appears to have been in western Asia, from where it spread to Europe, China and India. In classic ...
Identification Guide
Identification Guide

... Similar to common twayblade, but much smaller and with opposite heart-shaped leaves approximately one third of the way up the stem. Description: Plant height 5–10cm, sometimes taller in woodland. The spike may have between 3 and 20 flowers that are small and variable in colour from green to reddish. ...
Tundra Biome – Brooklyn and Brylie
Tundra Biome – Brooklyn and Brylie

... The Arctic The Arctic poppy (Papaver laestadianum) is a rare, endemic, perennial plant species found only in the harsh, Arctic conditions of the northernmost parts of Scandinavia. The solitary flower head consists of four vibrant yellow petals, supported by an erect stem which is long and narrow an ...
Identification Guide - Natural History Museum
Identification Guide - Natural History Museum

... Similar to common twayblade, but much smaller and with opposite heart-shaped leaves approximately one third of the way up the stem. Description: Plant height 5–10cm, sometimes taller in woodland. The spike may have between 3 and 20 flowers that are small and variable in colour from green to reddish. ...
AESA based IPM – Turmeric
AESA based IPM – Turmeric

... a growing awareness world over on the need for promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture practices. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a globally accepted strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture. During last century, IPM relied substantially on economic threshold level and chemical p ...
Canna Lilies for Alabama Gardens
Canna Lilies for Alabama Gardens

... Cannas may be planted in the spring after the danger from hard frost passes. A good rule of thumb is to plant cannas when you would plant Irish potatoes in your area. In zones 8 through 10, planting from March 15 to April 15 is recommended. Plant rhizomes 12 to 24 inches apart depending on the culti ...
Page 1 PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES A2.11 QUESTIONSHEET
Page 1 PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES A2.11 QUESTIONSHEET

... (c) different types of protein have different amino acid sequences; and thus have different secondary and tertiary structures/3D structures; and so produce different shaped channels; ...
Competition for mineral nutrients
Competition for mineral nutrients

... atmosphere. In the presence of weeds, crop plants also have limited space to develop their shoots, which amounts to reduced photosynthesis in them.  More seed production of weeds  Growth habits of weeds ...
physiological disorders in fruit crops
physiological disorders in fruit crops

... Among all the known diseases and insect pests of mango, malformation is undoubtedly the most serious. Depending on the plant part affected, two categories of the malformation, vegetative and floral, have been recognized. In vegetative malformation, the vegetative buds in the leaf axils or at the api ...
What are algae? What are algae?
What are algae? What are algae?

...  Sex organs unicellular, or all cells capable of reproduction (no sterile layer of cells surrounding sex organs aka NO FLOWERS) ...
Simulation of flowering plants - TEL (thèses-en-ligne)
Simulation of flowering plants - TEL (thèses-en-ligne)

... biological diversity both within and between individuals provides a vast area of objectives which the image synthesis must challenge. Flower modelling constitutes a part of a larger research area, plant modelling. Flowering plants have their particular structural features which are different from th ...
Production guidelines: Brussels sprouts
Production guidelines: Brussels sprouts

... Description: Plants are chewed off just above ground level. Cutworms are caterpillars 2 cm long and mottled or with green, brown or grey stripes. When they are disturbed, they roll up into a coil. They usually position themselves at the moisture line in the soil, moving up and down according to the ...
Alfalfa Germination and Growth (A3681)
Alfalfa Germination and Growth (A3681)

... planting in well-drained soils can do the same. • Ensure that there are adequate amounts of Rhizobium in the soil. Rhizobium bacteria may not be present if alfalfa has not been grown recently in the field or if soil pH is low. Once pH is corrected, use preinoculated alfalfa seed or inoculate the se ...
PC 267 Final report 2007
PC 267 Final report 2007

... environmental conditions experienced in continental Europe, work is underway to verify the results obtained under UK conditions. ...
Green Thumbs aT school: SPec Food Garden LeSSon Book
Green Thumbs aT school: SPec Food Garden LeSSon Book

... key tool for developing sustainable cities and communities. SPEC has been working in Vancouver, Canada on practical solutions for sustainable cities for 45 years. This toolkit of 9 food garden ecology lessons is based on 7 years of experience in Vancouver’s public schools with SPEC’s School Garden P ...
1. Most important plant families
1. Most important plant families

... classification of plants was artificial French scientist Michael Adanson first in the world apply “bioinformatic” methods to the plant diversity and identify plant families Antoine de Jussieu adapted this approach to the natural gardening and make these families “alive” as garden beds in Paris. In 9 ...
Grassland Plant Identification Guide
Grassland Plant Identification Guide

... upper ones are stalkless. Deep purple flowers are 2-4cm across, and thistle-like. Two forms of flower are recognised i) those with an outer-ring of florets that have extended ‘rayed’ petals, and ii) flowers without ‘rayed’ florets. The leaves of greater knapweed are stalked and deeply lobed, divided ...
Functional Analysis of Three Lily (Lilium longiflorum) APETALA1
Functional Analysis of Three Lily (Lilium longiflorum) APETALA1

... cDNA sequence of Lily MADS Box Gene 5 (LMADS5) encodes a 252 amino acid protein that showed a high sequence identity (57%) and similarity (68%) to oil palm EgSQUA3 (Adam et al. 2006) (Fig. 1). In the MADS box domain, 88% (51/58) and 98% (57/58) of amino acids are identical or similar between LMADS5 ...
Joze Bavcon COMMON SNOWDROP (GALANTHUS
Joze Bavcon COMMON SNOWDROP (GALANTHUS

... Subpannonian and Submediterranean, as well as two transitional regions: pre-Alpine and pre-Dinaric. This diversity is reflected in the flora. Generally speaking, common snowdrop grows in all the aforementioned regions, with the lowest presence in Alpine region, and therefore has a high possibility o ...
Thrips spp
Thrips spp

... Pupation takes place in the ground. The emerging adult is about 1 mm long and has a yellow-brown colour with dark cross stripes on the body. Mating for reproduction is not necessary. Not mating females produce only female offspring. Females can produce up to 80 eggs, this is why large populations ca ...
An Introduction - Indian Institute of Maize Research
An Introduction - Indian Institute of Maize Research

... falling pollen grains. In maize, the pollen shed is not a continuous process and usually begins two to three days prior to silk emergence and continues for five to eight days. The silks are covered with fine, sticky hairs which serve to catch and anchor the pollen grains. Pollen shed stops when the ...
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Plant reproduction



Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur. In seed plants, the offspring can be packaged in a protective seed, which is used as an agent of dispersal.
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