Estimating Uncertainty Darin Ragozzine A scientific
... The above estimation technique (determining the rms of repeated measurements) is a good estimate of measurement error (precision). In general, there is no quantitative way to determine the systematic error (accuracy). If we know from other measurements a precise and/or accurate value that we can tak ...
... The above estimation technique (determining the rms of repeated measurements) is a good estimate of measurement error (precision). In general, there is no quantitative way to determine the systematic error (accuracy). If we know from other measurements a precise and/or accurate value that we can tak ...
A startling new Sun
... global sound waves) from irradiance variations. It has found also by measuring the solar irradiance as a function of time (figure 1) that the “solar constant” is far from constant from day to day. Also the irradiance level is beginning to increase with the start of the new ...
... global sound waves) from irradiance variations. It has found also by measuring the solar irradiance as a function of time (figure 1) that the “solar constant” is far from constant from day to day. Also the irradiance level is beginning to increase with the start of the new ...
Lecture 1 - Simon P Driver
... – RA overhead on 1st Feb is ~8.5h (2hr per month so ~0.5hr per week) – Object therefore overhead on 1st Feb at half past midnight • Rises 3.6hrs earlier = 8.9pm or 8:54pm • Sets 3.6hrs later ...
... – RA overhead on 1st Feb is ~8.5h (2hr per month so ~0.5hr per week) – Object therefore overhead on 1st Feb at half past midnight • Rises 3.6hrs earlier = 8.9pm or 8:54pm • Sets 3.6hrs later ...
assessing the massive young sun hypothesis to solve the warm
... over time, the total amount of mass lost by the Sun over its 4.56 Gyr history is only about 0.05% of the total solar mass. However, the physical processes that set the rate of mass loss due to solar wind and coronal mass ejections are poorly understood, and it is not unreasonable to explore solar mo ...
... over time, the total amount of mass lost by the Sun over its 4.56 Gyr history is only about 0.05% of the total solar mass. However, the physical processes that set the rate of mass loss due to solar wind and coronal mass ejections are poorly understood, and it is not unreasonable to explore solar mo ...
Solar Observing Curriculum Guide
... We know now that sunspots are actually cooler portions of the Sun’s surface, caused by twisted magnetic lines penetrating the surface. The Sun has a magnetic field, just like the Earth, but as it rotates its magnetic field lines get twisted and tangled, like a rubber band. These eventually “snap”, ...
... We know now that sunspots are actually cooler portions of the Sun’s surface, caused by twisted magnetic lines penetrating the surface. The Sun has a magnetic field, just like the Earth, but as it rotates its magnetic field lines get twisted and tangled, like a rubber band. These eventually “snap”, ...
Lecture 3 - The University Centre in Svalbard
... Outside this region the energy is transported up towards the surface by currents of hot gases. Here the gas bubbles up just like warm soup in a pan. Then, the light can escape freely out in space. Eight minute and 20 seconds later the light reaches the Earth and we feel the heat on our body. It’s od ...
... Outside this region the energy is transported up towards the surface by currents of hot gases. Here the gas bubbles up just like warm soup in a pan. Then, the light can escape freely out in space. Eight minute and 20 seconds later the light reaches the Earth and we feel the heat on our body. It’s od ...
The Marine Sextant
... – index error (error in the sextant itself) – difference between visible and celestial horizon, due to the observer’s height of eye – adjustment to equivalent reading at the center of the earth and the center of the body – refractive effects of the earth’s atmosphere ...
... – index error (error in the sextant itself) – difference between visible and celestial horizon, due to the observer’s height of eye – adjustment to equivalent reading at the center of the earth and the center of the body – refractive effects of the earth’s atmosphere ...
second sun - royal device
... miles” (12.6 billions Km). They where only 2.8 billions miles wrong. Not much of course A.U distance ...
... miles” (12.6 billions Km). They where only 2.8 billions miles wrong. Not much of course A.U distance ...
The Sun - The University Centre in Svalbard
... Outside this region the energy is transported up towards the surface by currents of hot gases. Here the gas bubbles up just like warm soup in a pan. Then, the light can escape freely out in space. Eight minute and 20 seconds later the light reaches the Earth and we feel the heat on our body. It’s od ...
... Outside this region the energy is transported up towards the surface by currents of hot gases. Here the gas bubbles up just like warm soup in a pan. Then, the light can escape freely out in space. Eight minute and 20 seconds later the light reaches the Earth and we feel the heat on our body. It’s od ...
MCWP 3-16.7 Chapter 7: Astronomy
... pattern, all of which affect the Earth’s relationship to the stars and other planets. The Earth’s axis has a cone-shaped motion (or precession) making one turn in 25,800 solar years or one platonic year (great year). This is caused by torque imposed on the Earth mostly by the Moon and Sun. Visualize ...
... pattern, all of which affect the Earth’s relationship to the stars and other planets. The Earth’s axis has a cone-shaped motion (or precession) making one turn in 25,800 solar years or one platonic year (great year). This is caused by torque imposed on the Earth mostly by the Moon and Sun. Visualize ...
Analytic Models for the Mechanical Structure of the Solar Core
... diffusion, both normalized to central values. These figures also show our fits to the ZAMS (present) SSM cores derived from our hyperbolic approximation in Section 4 below. The central values of pressure, density and P/ρ for the ZAMS and present Suns are summarized in Table 1. The values at the core ...
... diffusion, both normalized to central values. These figures also show our fits to the ZAMS (present) SSM cores derived from our hyperbolic approximation in Section 4 below. The central values of pressure, density and P/ρ for the ZAMS and present Suns are summarized in Table 1. The values at the core ...
AST-103L Spring 2001 - University of Texas Astronomy Home Page
... known feature is the sunspot. Typically moving in groups, these dark, planet-sized features have been known to humankind for centuries. As sunspots form and disappear over periods of days or weeks, they also appear to move across the Sun’s surface because the Sun rotates. Caused by strong magnetic f ...
... known feature is the sunspot. Typically moving in groups, these dark, planet-sized features have been known to humankind for centuries. As sunspots form and disappear over periods of days or weeks, they also appear to move across the Sun’s surface because the Sun rotates. Caused by strong magnetic f ...
3.2a Right Ascension and Declination
... Right Ascension (RA) If a person was able to see the night sky shown above for a full day, the full band of stars would pass in front of them, moving steadily towards the right. The longitude reference point was more difficult. Many countries have laid claim to the Prime Meridian – the Chinese once ...
... Right Ascension (RA) If a person was able to see the night sky shown above for a full day, the full band of stars would pass in front of them, moving steadily towards the right. The longitude reference point was more difficult. Many countries have laid claim to the Prime Meridian – the Chinese once ...
Word, 160 k
... Direct observation of the transit may be done by looking through an optical instrument, but you will need to put a special solar filter in front of the objective(s) if you use binoculars or a refractor. If using a reflector, the filter cannot be put just in front of the mirror, but must be placed ov ...
... Direct observation of the transit may be done by looking through an optical instrument, but you will need to put a special solar filter in front of the objective(s) if you use binoculars or a refractor. If using a reflector, the filter cannot be put just in front of the mirror, but must be placed ov ...
The Celestial Sphere
... You will construct your own celestial sphere which should appear as shown in the diagram above. You will use this to predict the daily motion of the sky for the beginning of each season. Remember, the ECLIPTIC is the apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere for the entire year - as the Eart ...
... You will construct your own celestial sphere which should appear as shown in the diagram above. You will use this to predict the daily motion of the sky for the beginning of each season. Remember, the ECLIPTIC is the apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere for the entire year - as the Eart ...
The Sun
... A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph, such as SOHO’s LASCO instrument. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such a ...
... A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph, such as SOHO’s LASCO instrument. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such a ...
Solar Eclipses
... Length of solar day varies over course of year - averages about 24 hours mean solar day. Two reasons for variance.: 1. Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle - it’s an ellipse - Earth moves faster when it is nearest the Sun and slower when it is farthest from the Sun. 2. Earth's axial tilt - the Sun ...
... Length of solar day varies over course of year - averages about 24 hours mean solar day. Two reasons for variance.: 1. Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle - it’s an ellipse - Earth moves faster when it is nearest the Sun and slower when it is farthest from the Sun. 2. Earth's axial tilt - the Sun ...
Earth, Moon, and Sky - Wayne State University
... Mean Solar Time Mean solar time is based on the average value of the solar day over the course of the year A mean solar day contains exactly 24 hours and is what we use in everyday time-keeping It is inconvenient for practical purposes because it is determined by the position of the Sun Noon occurs ...
... Mean Solar Time Mean solar time is based on the average value of the solar day over the course of the year A mean solar day contains exactly 24 hours and is what we use in everyday time-keeping It is inconvenient for practical purposes because it is determined by the position of the Sun Noon occurs ...
Is the Sun anomalous?
... are missing from the 10 parsec sample. The vast majority of the missing stars are M dwarfs. Even the 5 parsec sample is still incomplete, though less severely. Considering this, the Sun is likely to be among the top ~9% of stars by mass in the solar neighborhood. Among the categories of solar anomal ...
... are missing from the 10 parsec sample. The vast majority of the missing stars are M dwarfs. Even the 5 parsec sample is still incomplete, though less severely. Considering this, the Sun is likely to be among the top ~9% of stars by mass in the solar neighborhood. Among the categories of solar anomal ...
hwk01ans
... observational errors into account, the data indicate a circle shown on the right. But the true orbit in space cannot be a circle, because the primary star is far off-center. The orbit must be a highly eccentric ellipse seen from an oblique angle. The apparent diameter of the circle is 1.8 arcsec. (a ...
... observational errors into account, the data indicate a circle shown on the right. But the true orbit in space cannot be a circle, because the primary star is far off-center. The orbit must be a highly eccentric ellipse seen from an oblique angle. The apparent diameter of the circle is 1.8 arcsec. (a ...
PDF, 95k
... locations. All the expeditions had different challenges, some of them were hazardous , and the results didn’t always live up to expectations! 4 Exoplanets and transits Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet (1995) by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Observatory of Geneva, Switzerland), mo ...
... locations. All the expeditions had different challenges, some of them were hazardous , and the results didn’t always live up to expectations! 4 Exoplanets and transits Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet (1995) by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Observatory of Geneva, Switzerland), mo ...
international year of astronomy the turbulent sun
... spots. Single sunspot may appear very tiny and then grow and split. Day to day photographs of the small sunspots show many changes in them. Previously, a sunspot observed as a tiny dark spot like a small sunspots umbra, i.e. without penumbra, which also known as Pore. Some of the pores become darke ...
... spots. Single sunspot may appear very tiny and then grow and split. Day to day photographs of the small sunspots show many changes in them. Previously, a sunspot observed as a tiny dark spot like a small sunspots umbra, i.e. without penumbra, which also known as Pore. Some of the pores become darke ...
Global Warming Fall 2013 Building Up the nth
... distance of the planet from the star is roughly the same as the distance between the Earth and the Sun (i.e. 1 A.U.). The dominant things that affect L are the star’s luminosity, which is dependent on the temperature of the star, the radius of the star, and the distance between the star and the plan ...
... distance of the planet from the star is roughly the same as the distance between the Earth and the Sun (i.e. 1 A.U.). The dominant things that affect L are the star’s luminosity, which is dependent on the temperature of the star, the radius of the star, and the distance between the star and the plan ...
ptolemy day 21 - Arts of Liberty
... This means the shortest time required for some whole number of cycles of anomaly AND some whole number of cycles of longitude to be completed together. Let’s take an imaginary example. Suppose planet P is moving on an epicycle, and the period of its own motion around the epicycle is 3 years. Every 3 ...
... This means the shortest time required for some whole number of cycles of anomaly AND some whole number of cycles of longitude to be completed together. Let’s take an imaginary example. Suppose planet P is moving on an epicycle, and the period of its own motion around the epicycle is 3 years. Every 3 ...
Directed Reading
... b. huge clouds of glowing gases. c. rivers of gas that look like streams. d. dark regions in the photosphere. ______ 23. What shape do prominences take? a. huge arches that reach high above the sun’s surface b. huge circular storms on the sun’s surface c. massive waves that cross the sun’s surface d ...
... b. huge clouds of glowing gases. c. rivers of gas that look like streams. d. dark regions in the photosphere. ______ 23. What shape do prominences take? a. huge arches that reach high above the sun’s surface b. huge circular storms on the sun’s surface c. massive waves that cross the sun’s surface d ...
Equation of time
The equation of time describes the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time. These are apparent solar time, which directly tracks the motion of the sun, and mean solar time, which tracks a fictitious ""mean"" sun with noons 24 hours apart. Apparent (or true) solar time can be obtained by measurement of the current position (hour angle) of the Sun, or indicated (with limited accuracy) by a sundial. Mean solar time, for the same place, would be the time indicated by a steady clock set so that over the year its differences from apparent solar time average to zero.The equation of time is the east or west component of the analemma, a curve representing the angular offset of the Sun from its mean position on the celestial sphere as viewed from Earth. The equation of time values for each day of the year, compiled by astronomical observatories, were widely listed in almanacs and ephemerides.