The evolution of nervous system centralization
... (Denes et al. 2007), the pan-neural marker elav is not downregulated by exogenously applied BMP4. How can we reconcile these findings? The available data are consistent with a refined evolutionary scenario, which assumes that in early bilaterians the antineurogenic effect of Bmp signalling was only ...
... (Denes et al. 2007), the pan-neural marker elav is not downregulated by exogenously applied BMP4. How can we reconcile these findings? The available data are consistent with a refined evolutionary scenario, which assumes that in early bilaterians the antineurogenic effect of Bmp signalling was only ...
Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure
... A connection between brain function and brain anatomy might be expected because neural information processing depends on the size, configuration and arrangement of individual neurons; on the number and type of local synaptic connections they make; on the way that they are interconnected to distant n ...
... A connection between brain function and brain anatomy might be expected because neural information processing depends on the size, configuration and arrangement of individual neurons; on the number and type of local synaptic connections they make; on the way that they are interconnected to distant n ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... of learning and memory will be reviewed with recent advances supporting the hypothesis of similar cellular mechanisms underlying DA regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory processes in which the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway has a potential role. To summariz ...
... of learning and memory will be reviewed with recent advances supporting the hypothesis of similar cellular mechanisms underlying DA regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory processes in which the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway has a potential role. To summariz ...
- TestbankU
... Rationale: Astrocyes are the key supply source of rapid energy for neurons. 2.1-34. A drug that specifically killed the _______ cells would be expected to alter the physical and nutritional support of brain cells. a. phagocyte b. Schwann c. microglia d. astrocyte e. microtubule Difficulty: 1 Questi ...
... Rationale: Astrocyes are the key supply source of rapid energy for neurons. 2.1-34. A drug that specifically killed the _______ cells would be expected to alter the physical and nutritional support of brain cells. a. phagocyte b. Schwann c. microglia d. astrocyte e. microtubule Difficulty: 1 Questi ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, and this has led to some researchers emphasizing the similarities whereas others focus on the differences. In general, despite of ...
... humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, and this has led to some researchers emphasizing the similarities whereas others focus on the differences. In general, despite of ...
Dopamine is one of major neurotransmitters in the brain
... Dopamine is one of major neurotransmitters in the brain, and dopaminergic neuron groups have been implicated in several higher cognitive abilities and behaviors. While there is dopamine-based signaling in many different areas of the brain, including the olfactory system and in vision, the largest an ...
... Dopamine is one of major neurotransmitters in the brain, and dopaminergic neuron groups have been implicated in several higher cognitive abilities and behaviors. While there is dopamine-based signaling in many different areas of the brain, including the olfactory system and in vision, the largest an ...
Ch. 2 - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... ♦ Be synthesized by and localized within the presynaptic neuron, and stored in the presynaptic terminal. ♦ Be released by the presynaptic neuron when action potentials invade and depolarize the terminal. ♦ Contain receptors that are specific for the substance. ♦ When applied to the postsynaptic cell ...
... ♦ Be synthesized by and localized within the presynaptic neuron, and stored in the presynaptic terminal. ♦ Be released by the presynaptic neuron when action potentials invade and depolarize the terminal. ♦ Contain receptors that are specific for the substance. ♦ When applied to the postsynaptic cell ...
Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles
... exceeds a certain threshold, analogous to recording of action potentials (spikes) emitted by single neurons in the brain. By monitoring different but single musical instruments of the same or even different orchestras over many successive performances and pooling the measurements as if they were rec ...
... exceeds a certain threshold, analogous to recording of action potentials (spikes) emitted by single neurons in the brain. By monitoring different but single musical instruments of the same or even different orchestras over many successive performances and pooling the measurements as if they were rec ...
Organization of a Vertebrate Cardiac Ganglion: A Correlated
... used as the ion-pairing agent and acetonitrile as an organic modifier. Peaks were identified by coelution with standard compounds and by relative peak-height ratios at 2 applied potentials. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and 5-HT were calculated on the basis of peak h ...
... used as the ion-pairing agent and acetonitrile as an organic modifier. Peaks were identified by coelution with standard compounds and by relative peak-height ratios at 2 applied potentials. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and 5-HT were calculated on the basis of peak h ...
Ch.11
... Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons. ...
... Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons. ...
Axon
... • Action potentials (nerve impulses) propagate along axon • Transfer of action potential from one neuron to another neuron or effector occurs at synapse • Presynaptic cell axon forms axon terminal • Contains neurotransmitters packaged in synaptic vesicles ...
... • Action potentials (nerve impulses) propagate along axon • Transfer of action potential from one neuron to another neuron or effector occurs at synapse • Presynaptic cell axon forms axon terminal • Contains neurotransmitters packaged in synaptic vesicles ...
III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the attacks, the concentration of CGRP was normalized. These changes in CGRP ...
... and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the attacks, the concentration of CGRP was normalized. These changes in CGRP ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... GABA actions (Ben-Ari, 2002) in the embryonic period plays critical roles in morphological maturation of layer II/III of the somatosensory cortical neurons (Cancedda et al., 2007), loss of function will causes severe deficit in neuronal architecture. The decreased total length of dendrites and spine ...
... GABA actions (Ben-Ari, 2002) in the embryonic period plays critical roles in morphological maturation of layer II/III of the somatosensory cortical neurons (Cancedda et al., 2007), loss of function will causes severe deficit in neuronal architecture. The decreased total length of dendrites and spine ...
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
... during the delay phases if they are not tuned to the current stimulus or response5, 41-43 (Fig. 1). This raises the question of how spontaneous network activity can remain stable without driving the network automatically into a high-activity state. This question was addressed using a mean-field appr ...
... during the delay phases if they are not tuned to the current stimulus or response5, 41-43 (Fig. 1). This raises the question of how spontaneous network activity can remain stable without driving the network automatically into a high-activity state. This question was addressed using a mean-field appr ...
Text S1.
... Bayesian understanding of probability provides us with two equally valid but very distinct approaches to describing neural function. We can either describe our information about a nervous system and its environment, or we can describe a nervous system’s information about its environment. The convent ...
... Bayesian understanding of probability provides us with two equally valid but very distinct approaches to describing neural function. We can either describe our information about a nervous system and its environment, or we can describe a nervous system’s information about its environment. The convent ...
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
... White Matter Consists of mixture of nerve fibers, neuroglia and blood vessels. White color is due to high proportion of myelinated nerve fibers The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, run ...
... White Matter Consists of mixture of nerve fibers, neuroglia and blood vessels. White color is due to high proportion of myelinated nerve fibers The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, run ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... conditions, DRG neurons were killed or their ability to extend axons was dramatically impaired. The concurrent induction of proregenerative and neurotoxic functions in zymosan-activated macrophages (ZAMs) was confirmed in vitro using DRG and cortical neurons. Importantly, the ability of ZAMs to stim ...
... conditions, DRG neurons were killed or their ability to extend axons was dramatically impaired. The concurrent induction of proregenerative and neurotoxic functions in zymosan-activated macrophages (ZAMs) was confirmed in vitro using DRG and cortical neurons. Importantly, the ability of ZAMs to stim ...
animal_responses_to_the_environment
... A receptor is stimulated by a change in the environment and produces impulses. Dendrites of a sensory neuron conduct these nerve impulses to the cell body. Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrit ...
... A receptor is stimulated by a change in the environment and produces impulses. Dendrites of a sensory neuron conduct these nerve impulses to the cell body. Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrit ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... A second population of arcuate neurons is inhibited by leptin and insulin but they become activated when the levels of these hormones are low (insufficient body fat). These cells project axons to neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 8, red). Lat- FIG. 8. Hypothalamic influence on caloric e ...
... A second population of arcuate neurons is inhibited by leptin and insulin but they become activated when the levels of these hormones are low (insufficient body fat). These cells project axons to neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 8, red). Lat- FIG. 8. Hypothalamic influence on caloric e ...
Lecture notes for October 9, 2015 FINAL
... There are three major sensory tracts o The posterior column tract o The spinothalamic tract o The spinocerebellar tract The three major sensory tracts involve chains of neurons o First-order neuron Delivers sensations to the CNS The cell body is in the dorsal or cranial root ganglion o Second-or ...
... There are three major sensory tracts o The posterior column tract o The spinothalamic tract o The spinocerebellar tract The three major sensory tracts involve chains of neurons o First-order neuron Delivers sensations to the CNS The cell body is in the dorsal or cranial root ganglion o Second-or ...
A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in
... w i t h no axons s y n a p s i n g upon them. Let N1, - - . , Np denote t h e actions of such neurons and N~+I, N~+~, . . . , N~ those of the rest. Then a solution of $~ will be a class of sentences of the f o r m S~: Np+l (zl) .=. Pr~ (N1, N~, . . . , Np, z~), where Pr~ contains no free variable sa ...
... w i t h no axons s y n a p s i n g upon them. Let N1, - - . , Np denote t h e actions of such neurons and N~+I, N~+~, . . . , N~ those of the rest. Then a solution of $~ will be a class of sentences of the f o r m S~: Np+l (zl) .=. Pr~ (N1, N~, . . . , Np, z~), where Pr~ contains no free variable sa ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... co-workers (e.g., Van Pelt and Uylings 2003; Van Ooyen and Van Pelt 1994). These models take a stochastic approach based on simple rules (functions) for neurite branching and elongation. They have been validated for a variety of neuronal cell types and have been demonstrated to accurately describe t ...
... co-workers (e.g., Van Pelt and Uylings 2003; Van Ooyen and Van Pelt 1994). These models take a stochastic approach based on simple rules (functions) for neurite branching and elongation. They have been validated for a variety of neuronal cell types and have been demonstrated to accurately describe t ...
Neural integration
... Primary motor cortex corresponds point by point with specific regions of the body Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, app ...
... Primary motor cortex corresponds point by point with specific regions of the body Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, app ...
Thermal impact on spiking properties in Hodgkin–Huxley neuron
... synaptic reversal potential and gsyn (t) the time-dependent post-synaptic conductance, gsyn (t) = Gsyn α(t − t0 ), where t0 represents the onset time of the synapse, Gsyn determines the peak of synaptic conductance and α(t) = (t/τsyn ) exp(1 − t/τsyn ), t > 0, with τsyn determining the characteristi ...
... synaptic reversal potential and gsyn (t) the time-dependent post-synaptic conductance, gsyn (t) = Gsyn α(t − t0 ), where t0 represents the onset time of the synapse, Gsyn determines the peak of synaptic conductance and α(t) = (t/τsyn ) exp(1 − t/τsyn ), t > 0, with τsyn determining the characteristi ...
POWERPOINT VERSION ()
... • contains bundles of fibers that join lower parts of brainstem and spinal cord with higher part of brain • cerebral aqueduct • cerebral peduncles – bundles of nerve fibers ...
... • contains bundles of fibers that join lower parts of brainstem and spinal cord with higher part of brain • cerebral aqueduct • cerebral peduncles – bundles of nerve fibers ...