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... thickened underground stems), are controlled by day length, a means of determining when they occur in the year. The molecular mechanisms involved are somewhat understood for flowering, but remain largely unknown for tuberisation. Now, on p. 2873, Paula Suárez-López and co-workers demonstrate that in ...
Lecture #6 Notes
Lecture #6 Notes

... 6. In many locations in the CNS, neurons are connected to one another reciprocally; that is, each makes synapses onto the neurons that makes synapses onto it. 7. All of the information processing in the cortex is done by interneurons that connect with other interneurons, both within the same cortica ...
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184

... silent but fire spontaneously at rates of 1–10 Hz between different trials of a working memory task, outside a task context, or even during the delay phases if they are not tuned to the current stimulus or response5, 41-43 (Fig. 1). This raises the question of how spontaneous network activity can re ...
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of

... conditions should provide clues to understanding why certain sets of pyramidal neurons are extremely vulnerable to ischemic stress but others are not. What then is the specific role of the KATP channels in the SNr? It is widely known that the neurons of the SNr show the highest spontaneous activity ...
Neurosonography Part ONE
Neurosonography Part ONE

... Neurosonography Part ONE Harry H. Holdorf PhD, MPA, RDMS (Ab, OB/Gyn, BR), RVT, LRT ...
Fig. 14-2, p. 418
Fig. 14-2, p. 418

... • Human language is a complex form of communication. • Compared to other species, human language has high productivity. – Productivity - the ability to produce new signals to represent new ideas. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

11_16_15- Day 1 - Kenwood Academy High School
11_16_15- Day 1 - Kenwood Academy High School

... Behaviors can be made automatic. Our senses (hearing, olfaction, taste, sight, touch) do not work in isolation. Reflexes are different from responses. There are different stages of sleep. The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body. Neurons are lost (die) before you are born Cer ...
Solution 1
Solution 1

... as a means of transmitting information about different aspects of the same region in space simultaneously (Nassi & Callaway, 361). Later in the visual system, existence of different parallel processing pathways allows for the information they transmit to interact if very specific ways, providing the ...
DEEP LEARNING REVIEW
DEEP LEARNING REVIEW

... connection graph. • The information can flow around in cycles and can sometimes get back to where it started. • More complicated to train because of the complicated architecture. • More biologically realistic. • Can efficiently model sequential data. • They have the ability to remember information i ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... by damage to the afferent axons or long-term blockage of NT release ...
Neural Plasticity in Auditory Cortex
Neural Plasticity in Auditory Cortex

... learning actually changed tuning in the primary sensory cortex. Then in 1990 Bakin and Weinberger recorded RFs from cells in the primary auditory cortex before and immediately after conditioning to a tonal conditioned stimulus. They found that responses to the CS frequency increased whereas response ...
3 Behavioral Neuroscience - McGraw Hill Higher Education
3 Behavioral Neuroscience - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... Beginning in the 1970s, psychology has seen the growth of behavioral genetics, which studies how heredity affects behavior. Research in behavioral genetics has found evidence of a hereditary basis for characteristics as diverse as divorce (Jocklin, McGue, & Lykken, 1996), empathy (Plomin, 1994), and ...
Depth Perception
Depth Perception

... stereogram in which the background plane is transparent, and where two depths, one from low and one from high spatial frequencies, can be observed simultaneously. He concludes that patches of the visual field may be fused and then held "locked" by some form of hysteresis as proposed by Julesz 1971. ...
PDF
PDF

... enough to fulfill the switching role we seek. As a result, neuromodulation is not generally considered to be a candidate mechanism for rapid and precise switching of complex neural circuits and responses. Nevertheless, it is good to keep in mind that this standard wisdom may be wrong (see Sherman an ...
Ch 11 lec 1
Ch 11 lec 1

... Ss (subjects) watch both neutral and emotionally arousing films (scenes of violent crime), later asked to recall the films fMRI showed increased activity of the right amygdala when the subjects recalled the emotionally arousing films but not when they recalled the neutral ones Ss were most likely to ...
a remnant chloroplast, with an References
a remnant chloroplast, with an References

... how we perceive other people’s actions [18], we have suggested that these systems might integrate: in particular, that mirror systems translate perceived actions into motor (and somatosensory [14,15,19]) representations of how and what others do. These simulated representations can later be interrog ...
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes

... molecular processes in neuronal cell bodies (i.e., changes in nuclear gene expression), even though alterations in PET CMRgI measurements have been suggested to be more strongly influenced by the activity of terminal neuronal fields (22). Furthermore, this differential pattern of ETC and metabolic i ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland

... July 21st the Regisration desk will be open from 8:00 am until 5:00 pm. Oral Sessions: An LCD projector will be available for all speakers to use and the main meeting room is supplied with a large screen and an ampification system. Poster Sessions: Posters should be set up before lunch time and remo ...
Review Questions for Chapter 1: Studying the Nervous Systems of
Review Questions for Chapter 1: Studying the Nervous Systems of

... later effectors heterotrimeric G-proteins transcription factors immediate early genes 5. The nervous system is known for its plasticity (modifiability), or ability to show enduring changes in response to environmental changes. This typically involves changes in gene expression. Draw a diagram illust ...
BRAIN FOUNDATION RESEARCH REPORTS Author: Dr Tim
BRAIN FOUNDATION RESEARCH REPORTS Author: Dr Tim

... Background. In rodents we had shown that the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+) or dopaminergic neurones is altered up or down by ±10-15% following 1-2 weeks exposure to environmental or behavioural stimuli, including length of light:dark cycle (photoperiod), sex pairing, or environ ...
Neurological Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease
Neurological Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease

... This case shows that a patient with mitochondrial disease can be very sensitive to medications. She is unusual, as most of the induced deficit could be reversed by altering her medication. We have some information that other patients responded similarly. We don’t know if all patients will have simil ...
CPB748_JK Nervous
CPB748_JK Nervous

... • Overview: Command and Control Center • The human brain – Contains an estimated 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons ...
3- Hopfield networks
3- Hopfield networks

... persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” In experiments in 1966 and 1973, Long Term Potentiation (LTP) was established as a main paradigm in neuroscience, conf ...
Chapter 3 Part 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
Chapter 3 Part 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory

... – Receptor sites ...
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Metastability in the brain

In the field of computational neuroscience, the theory of metastability refers to the human brain’s ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner, providing the basis for conscious activity.Metastability, a state in which signals (such as oscillatory waves) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time, is a principle that describes the brain’s ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues. In the past 25 years, interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity.
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