2011 Ecology training notes
... Communities are assemblages of many different species occupying the same geographical area Communities are not static, they gradually change over time because the environment changes and species themselves tend to also change their habitats ...
... Communities are assemblages of many different species occupying the same geographical area Communities are not static, they gradually change over time because the environment changes and species themselves tend to also change their habitats ...
Interactions Within Ecosystems
... Define ecosystem, and describe various examples that range from the microscopic to the entire biosphere. ...
... Define ecosystem, and describe various examples that range from the microscopic to the entire biosphere. ...
A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species
... detect predators), and other traits ...
... detect predators), and other traits ...
APES
... Elton was among the first natural scientists to articulate a link between biological diversity—the number and variety of native species in an ecosystem— and ecological health. Greater diversity conveys a degree of "biotic resistance," he argued, which helps preserve the integrity of an ecosystem ove ...
... Elton was among the first natural scientists to articulate a link between biological diversity—the number and variety of native species in an ecosystem— and ecological health. Greater diversity conveys a degree of "biotic resistance," he argued, which helps preserve the integrity of an ecosystem ove ...
pioneer species
... • Those that are fast growing and early maturing will dominate. • Now larger mammals and birds can be supported by the young forest. ...
... • Those that are fast growing and early maturing will dominate. • Now larger mammals and birds can be supported by the young forest. ...
IJEE SOAPBOX: PRINCE KROPOTKIN MEETS THE
... itself, the canonical answer focuses on competition, in a broad sense. To understand the ecological lineaments of diversity, one must understand how species partition resources by type, across space, or through time (Schoener, 1974, viz., “mechanisms of coexistence”, sensu Kotler and Brown, 1988) an ...
... itself, the canonical answer focuses on competition, in a broad sense. To understand the ecological lineaments of diversity, one must understand how species partition resources by type, across space, or through time (Schoener, 1974, viz., “mechanisms of coexistence”, sensu Kotler and Brown, 1988) an ...
lec4.dsc
... 2. How do these abiotic factors interact with disturbance and succession to influence landscape pattern? 3. In what ways does the performance of individual organisms vary with abiotic factors? How do these individual responses ultimately influence the dynamics of populations? In what ways do abiotic ...
... 2. How do these abiotic factors interact with disturbance and succession to influence landscape pattern? 3. In what ways does the performance of individual organisms vary with abiotic factors? How do these individual responses ultimately influence the dynamics of populations? In what ways do abiotic ...
Allelopathic adaptation can cause competitive coexistence
... focus on the evolutionary dynamics of allelopathic competition because until now few studies have examined the evolutionary dynamics of such competitive interactions (but see Abrams and Matsuda 1994; Law et al. 1997; Kisdi and Geritz 2001). Here, I study the coevolutionary dynamics of an interspecif ...
... focus on the evolutionary dynamics of allelopathic competition because until now few studies have examined the evolutionary dynamics of such competitive interactions (but see Abrams and Matsuda 1994; Law et al. 1997; Kisdi and Geritz 2001). Here, I study the coevolutionary dynamics of an interspecif ...
Food Webs and Species Interactions: Teacher`s Guide
... species that in spite of their potentially low biomass have a strong influence on the structure of the ecosystem where they were found. When the term was first suggested, it was in reference to a top predator in a food web that helped to maintain a diversity of organisms through reducing interspecif ...
... species that in spite of their potentially low biomass have a strong influence on the structure of the ecosystem where they were found. When the term was first suggested, it was in reference to a top predator in a food web that helped to maintain a diversity of organisms through reducing interspecif ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Theory
... and basic concepts of these major fields is sharply focused in this controversy though its roots have apparently not been grasped either by the participants or interested observers. As functional ecologists, Andrewartha and Birch are concerned with the operation and interaction of populations and on ...
... and basic concepts of these major fields is sharply focused in this controversy though its roots have apparently not been grasped either by the participants or interested observers. As functional ecologists, Andrewartha and Birch are concerned with the operation and interaction of populations and on ...
Conservation Biology
... (Chrysomalid) has not changed much morphologically from the Oligocene fossil species P. primaeva found in the Florissant shales of Colorado. Recent insects and arachnids have developed resistance to pesticides – this has been documented for over 600 pest species. Genetic aspects: Insects and relate ...
... (Chrysomalid) has not changed much morphologically from the Oligocene fossil species P. primaeva found in the Florissant shales of Colorado. Recent insects and arachnids have developed resistance to pesticides – this has been documented for over 600 pest species. Genetic aspects: Insects and relate ...
Syllabus Matrix - Moors for the Future
... organisms of one species in a habitat. Populations of different species form a community. Within a habitat a species occupies a niche governed by adaptation to both biotic and abiotic conditions. Interactions between organisms: interspecific and intraspecific competition and ...
... organisms of one species in a habitat. Populations of different species form a community. Within a habitat a species occupies a niche governed by adaptation to both biotic and abiotic conditions. Interactions between organisms: interspecific and intraspecific competition and ...
Latitudinal Gradients in Richness
... • Importance of scale • Focus on multiple explanations for the gradient • Ecological and evolutionary considerations including life history ...
... • Importance of scale • Focus on multiple explanations for the gradient • Ecological and evolutionary considerations including life history ...
Carrying Capacity of Ecosystems
... (plant or animal) that is introduced to an ecosystem, where it did not evolve in originally, and experiences exponential population growth. Invasive species often experience this growth because their new environment lacks predators and other environmental factors that limit their growth in their nat ...
... (plant or animal) that is introduced to an ecosystem, where it did not evolve in originally, and experiences exponential population growth. Invasive species often experience this growth because their new environment lacks predators and other environmental factors that limit their growth in their nat ...
Evolutionary change in agriculture: the past, present and future
... traits because these could be more readily manipulated. While human selection has been a major driving force in the types of changes outlined above, subject to the vagaries of fashion, it has often tended to be highly directional favouring more and more extreme manifestations of the traits in questi ...
... traits because these could be more readily manipulated. While human selection has been a major driving force in the types of changes outlined above, subject to the vagaries of fashion, it has often tended to be highly directional favouring more and more extreme manifestations of the traits in questi ...
Biology Review Ecology 5.1
... -Water: some animals depend on wetlands for their eggs and as a food source. -Breeding Sites: certain habitats that are protected from the sun and the wind are necessary for certain animals to ...
... -Water: some animals depend on wetlands for their eggs and as a food source. -Breeding Sites: certain habitats that are protected from the sun and the wind are necessary for certain animals to ...
File
... Resource partitioning: a method to reduce competition, dividing up the resource so that species with similar needs use them at different times, in different ways, or in different places. ...
... Resource partitioning: a method to reduce competition, dividing up the resource so that species with similar needs use them at different times, in different ways, or in different places. ...
Yarnell et al. 2010
... instream habitat • Creates ecological niche partitioning with native species utilizing refugia • More effective when geormorphic diversity provides varied refugia • Reduces extent of exotic species not adapted to limiting conditions ...
... instream habitat • Creates ecological niche partitioning with native species utilizing refugia • More effective when geormorphic diversity provides varied refugia • Reduces extent of exotic species not adapted to limiting conditions ...
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 15: Community Ecology
... 2. Relative abundance: counting all individuals of each species in a number of sample plots within a community and determining what percentage each contributes to the total number of individual of all species. Table 16.1 and 16.2 3. Rank-abundance diagram: graphical way to show relative abundance 4. ...
... 2. Relative abundance: counting all individuals of each species in a number of sample plots within a community and determining what percentage each contributes to the total number of individual of all species. Table 16.1 and 16.2 3. Rank-abundance diagram: graphical way to show relative abundance 4. ...
Name - Plain Local Schools
... carrying capacity: number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain (Concept 35.2) density-dependent factor: factor that limits a population more as population density increases (Concept 35.2) density-independent factor: factor unrelated to population density that limits a popula ...
... carrying capacity: number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain (Concept 35.2) density-dependent factor: factor that limits a population more as population density increases (Concept 35.2) density-independent factor: factor unrelated to population density that limits a popula ...
Name: Chapter 35: Population and Community Ecology Vocabulary
... carrying capacity: number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain (Concept 35.2) density-dependent factor: factor that limits a population more as population density increases (Concept 35.2) density-independent factor: factor unrelated to population density that limits a popula ...
... carrying capacity: number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain (Concept 35.2) density-dependent factor: factor that limits a population more as population density increases (Concept 35.2) density-independent factor: factor unrelated to population density that limits a popula ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.