are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection
... Manuscript received 9 September 1996; revised 18 February 1997; accepted 2 April 1997. ...
... Manuscript received 9 September 1996; revised 18 February 1997; accepted 2 April 1997. ...
Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Foliar Fungal Distribution
... competition and facilitation processes in the early stages of establishment (Pollastrini et al., 2013), affect the composition of understory vegetation (Ampoorter et al., 2014), and strongly influence the diversity of the soil biota (Tedersoo et al., 2015). However, tree species diversity did not pl ...
... competition and facilitation processes in the early stages of establishment (Pollastrini et al., 2013), affect the composition of understory vegetation (Ampoorter et al., 2014), and strongly influence the diversity of the soil biota (Tedersoo et al., 2015). However, tree species diversity did not pl ...
The short-term effect of sheep grazing on invertebrates
... browsing, trampling, defecation and urination. Comparing to the enormous amount of work that has been done to document the effects of grazing by wild and domestic herbivores on plants and soil processes (reviews in Jefferies et al. 1994, Hobbs 1996, Augustine and McNaughton 1998), very little has be ...
... browsing, trampling, defecation and urination. Comparing to the enormous amount of work that has been done to document the effects of grazing by wild and domestic herbivores on plants and soil processes (reviews in Jefferies et al. 1994, Hobbs 1996, Augustine and McNaughton 1998), very little has be ...
5.1 Celtic Sea Ecoregion-Ecosystem overview
... The proportion of swept seafloor was gradually reduced from 2009 until 2013 by ca 2.5% in total. Smothering Activities contributing to smothering and change in siltation in the Celtic Sea include dredging for shipping, disposal of materials to the seafloor, and commercial fishing. Maerl and aggregat ...
... The proportion of swept seafloor was gradually reduced from 2009 until 2013 by ca 2.5% in total. Smothering Activities contributing to smothering and change in siltation in the Celtic Sea include dredging for shipping, disposal of materials to the seafloor, and commercial fishing. Maerl and aggregat ...
Conservation Management Plan 2011
... • Pre-construction Period - the period prior to any development occurring within the Cardinia Creek corridor. The objective of this phase is to protect current habitat values for threatened fauna species and maintain the long-term viability of populations currently occupying the study area. ...
... • Pre-construction Period - the period prior to any development occurring within the Cardinia Creek corridor. The objective of this phase is to protect current habitat values for threatened fauna species and maintain the long-term viability of populations currently occupying the study area. ...
Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient
... The above analyses support the role of historical climates in generating the current latitudinal diversity gradient. However, while the Earth’s environment was predominantly tropical up to c. 45 Ma, average species durations are in the range of 10–15 Myr (Stanley 1985). Thus, few of the species that ...
... The above analyses support the role of historical climates in generating the current latitudinal diversity gradient. However, while the Earth’s environment was predominantly tropical up to c. 45 Ma, average species durations are in the range of 10–15 Myr (Stanley 1985). Thus, few of the species that ...
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity
... suppression by apex predators is widespread geographically and taxonomically. Apex predators suppress mesopredators both by killing them, or instilling fear, which motivates changes in behaviour and habitat use that limit mesopredator distribution and abundance. Changes in the abundance of apex pred ...
... suppression by apex predators is widespread geographically and taxonomically. Apex predators suppress mesopredators both by killing them, or instilling fear, which motivates changes in behaviour and habitat use that limit mesopredator distribution and abundance. Changes in the abundance of apex pred ...
Common Name (Scientific name)
... Historically, the Upper Rancheria Creek basin produced, but did not support, year round populations of juvenile coho and juvenile steelhead; however, no coho of any age class have been documented in the upper subbasin since the late 1980s. (From West Coast Watershed ...
... Historically, the Upper Rancheria Creek basin produced, but did not support, year round populations of juvenile coho and juvenile steelhead; however, no coho of any age class have been documented in the upper subbasin since the late 1980s. (From West Coast Watershed ...
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity
... suppression by apex predators is widespread geographically and taxonomically. Apex predators suppress mesopredators both by killing them, or instilling fear, which motivates changes in behaviour and habitat use that limit mesopredator distribution and abundance. Changes in the abundance of apex pred ...
... suppression by apex predators is widespread geographically and taxonomically. Apex predators suppress mesopredators both by killing them, or instilling fear, which motivates changes in behaviour and habitat use that limit mesopredator distribution and abundance. Changes in the abundance of apex pred ...
Sociobiology - Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
... Natural earth mounds in many ecosystems harbor higher biodiversity than surroundings because they provide greater habitat heterogeneity. However, in the semi-arid Caatinga ecosystem of NE Brazil, natural mounds have much less vegetation and leaf litter with lower biodiversity as compared to the surr ...
... Natural earth mounds in many ecosystems harbor higher biodiversity than surroundings because they provide greater habitat heterogeneity. However, in the semi-arid Caatinga ecosystem of NE Brazil, natural mounds have much less vegetation and leaf litter with lower biodiversity as compared to the surr ...
Key Role of European Rabbits in the Conservation of the Western
... species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which creates open areas and preserves plant species diversity. Moreover, rabbit latrines have a demonstrable effe ...
... species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which creates open areas and preserves plant species diversity. Moreover, rabbit latrines have a demonstrable effe ...
Experimental Manipulation of a Desert Rodent Community: Food
... or remove certaincombinationsof species of seed-eatingrodents and ants from 0.25-ha plots in the ChihuahuanDesert of southeasternArizona. These experimentsevaluate the extent to which food availability and interspecificcompetition influence rodent populations. Monitoringwith live traps revealedthat: ...
... or remove certaincombinationsof species of seed-eatingrodents and ants from 0.25-ha plots in the ChihuahuanDesert of southeasternArizona. These experimentsevaluate the extent to which food availability and interspecificcompetition influence rodent populations. Monitoringwith live traps revealedthat: ...
Predation‐Competition Interactions for Seasonally Recruiting Species.
... much neglected area of study. This question is most conveniently considered for species with seasonal recruitment where both competition and predation affect the final number of offspring contributing to the next generation. Discrete-time models apply, leading to endogenous fluctuations in many circ ...
... much neglected area of study. This question is most conveniently considered for species with seasonal recruitment where both competition and predation affect the final number of offspring contributing to the next generation. Discrete-time models apply, leading to endogenous fluctuations in many circ ...
Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – Fact Sheet
... Pleistocene local extinctions of koalas coincided with the arrival of humans in Australia, suggesting that hunting and burning practices may have had a significant impact on the species [2]. Although such hypotheses are difficult to resolve, it is likely that both climate change and human activity h ...
... Pleistocene local extinctions of koalas coincided with the arrival of humans in Australia, suggesting that hunting and burning practices may have had a significant impact on the species [2]. Although such hypotheses are difficult to resolve, it is likely that both climate change and human activity h ...
Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and
... Theory predicts and empirical studies confirm that both habitat loss and fragmentation contribute to local population extinctions (Fahrig, 2003; Ewers & Didham, 2006; Swift & Hannon, 2010). The extinction of a species is indeed usually preceded by the fragmentation and the shrinking of its distribut ...
... Theory predicts and empirical studies confirm that both habitat loss and fragmentation contribute to local population extinctions (Fahrig, 2003; Ewers & Didham, 2006; Swift & Hannon, 2010). The extinction of a species is indeed usually preceded by the fragmentation and the shrinking of its distribut ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... pelagic realm where the two main stages (i.e., sporangium and zoospore) have different effects on the food web dynamics. Most members reproduce asexually by releasing zoospores with a single posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum (Sparrow, 1960; Barr, 2001). In a few species of the Neocallimastigal ...
... pelagic realm where the two main stages (i.e., sporangium and zoospore) have different effects on the food web dynamics. Most members reproduce asexually by releasing zoospores with a single posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum (Sparrow, 1960; Barr, 2001). In a few species of the Neocallimastigal ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems Olff, Han
... various physical and chemical interactions that operate within ecosystems. These days, ecologists are increasingly challenged to better understand and predict the impacts of human activities on biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems, such as the consequences of harvesting populations (forest ...
... various physical and chemical interactions that operate within ecosystems. These days, ecologists are increasingly challenged to better understand and predict the impacts of human activities on biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems, such as the consequences of harvesting populations (forest ...
Habitat complexity: approaches and future directions
... phenomena represent several distinct mechanisms, all potentially leading to greater resilience and stability of complex habitats. However, for the most part, these exciting possibilities remain untested (Fig. 2). Little information exists to judge whether other aspects of food web structure, such as ...
... phenomena represent several distinct mechanisms, all potentially leading to greater resilience and stability of complex habitats. However, for the most part, these exciting possibilities remain untested (Fig. 2). Little information exists to judge whether other aspects of food web structure, such as ...
Hierarchical organization of a Sardinian sand dune plant
... plants that dominate lower dune elevations (Lichter, 2000). This descriptive structure of dune communities is consistent with a hierarchical community organization model and the stress gradient hypothesis of community assembly. The hierarchical model of community organization (Bruno & Bertness, 2001 ...
... plants that dominate lower dune elevations (Lichter, 2000). This descriptive structure of dune communities is consistent with a hierarchical community organization model and the stress gradient hypothesis of community assembly. The hierarchical model of community organization (Bruno & Bertness, 2001 ...
New Zealand as ecosystems - Department of Conservation
... reveals organisms as conduits of, and configured by, energy. They, in turn, make up myriad, ‘thermo-dynamically open systems that are out of equilibrium’ 8 , each a self-regulating, shifting mosaic in continuous flux but with functional, historical and evolutionary limits. The result has been a more ...
... reveals organisms as conduits of, and configured by, energy. They, in turn, make up myriad, ‘thermo-dynamically open systems that are out of equilibrium’ 8 , each a self-regulating, shifting mosaic in continuous flux but with functional, historical and evolutionary limits. The result has been a more ...
View plan for Palikea Management Unit
... fence and in gulches below the campsite LZ. No mature plants have been found at any of the known sites, or during the course of field work elsewhere in the MU. Therefore, it appears that there must be some source population located outside the MU, and that staff can expect more immature plants to ap ...
... fence and in gulches below the campsite LZ. No mature plants have been found at any of the known sites, or during the course of field work elsewhere in the MU. Therefore, it appears that there must be some source population located outside the MU, and that staff can expect more immature plants to ap ...
Click here to - Ian Somerhalder Foundation European
... with the proper medical care, diet, habitat and enrichment is 15 to 20 years. Tony lives amid the noise and fumes of car and trucks continually, and his primary dwelling is a concrete and steel enclosure. He has no real opportunity to run, swim and receives little enrichment. His health, safety, wel ...
... with the proper medical care, diet, habitat and enrichment is 15 to 20 years. Tony lives amid the noise and fumes of car and trucks continually, and his primary dwelling is a concrete and steel enclosure. He has no real opportunity to run, swim and receives little enrichment. His health, safety, wel ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems
... various physical and chemical interactions that operate within ecosystems. These days, ecologists are increasingly challenged to better understand and predict the impacts of human activities on biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems, such as the consequences of harvesting populations (forest ...
... various physical and chemical interactions that operate within ecosystems. These days, ecologists are increasingly challenged to better understand and predict the impacts of human activities on biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems, such as the consequences of harvesting populations (forest ...
Physical factors affecting the relative abundance
... Ontario and Montreal (Quebec) found that E. ischnus and G. fasciatus respond differently to substrate characteristics, water chemistry variables, and current velocity. Both species increase in abundance in the presence of dreissenid mussels. However, E. ischnus density is positively correlated with ...
... Ontario and Montreal (Quebec) found that E. ischnus and G. fasciatus respond differently to substrate characteristics, water chemistry variables, and current velocity. Both species increase in abundance in the presence of dreissenid mussels. However, E. ischnus density is positively correlated with ...
Species evenness and productivity in experimental plant communities
... functioning (recently reviewed by Loreau et al. 2002, Kinzig et al. 2002). Results of experiments evaluating the effects of plant species richness on productivity (Naeem et al. 1996, Tilman et al. 1996, Hector et al. 1999, Mulder et al. 2001), decomposition (Andrén et al. 1995, Wardle et al. 1997, ...
... functioning (recently reviewed by Loreau et al. 2002, Kinzig et al. 2002). Results of experiments evaluating the effects of plant species richness on productivity (Naeem et al. 1996, Tilman et al. 1996, Hector et al. 1999, Mulder et al. 2001), decomposition (Andrén et al. 1995, Wardle et al. 1997, ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.