Precipitation and aridity index regulating spatial patterns of
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
Functional traits are more variable at the intra- than inter
... of species and community responses to environmental gradients (MCGILL et al. 2006, ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, PAKEMAN et al. 2009). The majority of studies investigating functional traits have focused on differences between species, using species average trait values (e.g. ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, DUR ...
... of species and community responses to environmental gradients (MCGILL et al. 2006, ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, PAKEMAN et al. 2009). The majority of studies investigating functional traits have focused on differences between species, using species average trait values (e.g. ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, DUR ...
adaptive radiation driven by the interplay of eco
... Losos 2009; Losos and Ricklefs 2009) starts with multiple allopatric speciation events. Next, migration brings the different species into contact. Reinforcement may then act if reproductive isolation is not completed. In this scenario, ecological differentiation occurs either in allopatry (by adapta ...
... Losos 2009; Losos and Ricklefs 2009) starts with multiple allopatric speciation events. Next, migration brings the different species into contact. Reinforcement may then act if reproductive isolation is not completed. In this scenario, ecological differentiation occurs either in allopatry (by adapta ...
An experimental framework to identify community functional
... mass ratio hypothesis) and (ii) the degree to which trait values differ between species in a community, quantified by different indices of functional diversity (FD; related to non-additive community effects). The uncertainty on the relative effect of these two components is stimulating an increasing ...
... mass ratio hypothesis) and (ii) the degree to which trait values differ between species in a community, quantified by different indices of functional diversity (FD; related to non-additive community effects). The uncertainty on the relative effect of these two components is stimulating an increasing ...
our Pygmy Bluetongue Lizard brochure
... been considered to be extinct until the discovery of a wild population in Burra in 1992. Prior to this only 20 specimens had ever been found and no wild populations were known. ...
... been considered to be extinct until the discovery of a wild population in Burra in 1992. Prior to this only 20 specimens had ever been found and no wild populations were known. ...
has shown differences among various types of environment, such as
... Crustaceans. The only crustaceans which are able to live inside the Mediterranean maquis, an environment poor in surface water, are terrestrial isopods, more commonly known as woodlice. Several species, like those belonging to the armadillidiid family, have bodies which are convex and strongly cutic ...
... Crustaceans. The only crustaceans which are able to live inside the Mediterranean maquis, an environment poor in surface water, are terrestrial isopods, more commonly known as woodlice. Several species, like those belonging to the armadillidiid family, have bodies which are convex and strongly cutic ...
TOPIC 2 - MARKING SCHEME - International School Bangkok
... as population pressure on environment relatively low; extinctions before 1850 not fully recorded; extinction rate 1851 to 1950 much higher due to rapid human population increase; and rapid rate of habitat loss; decrease in extinction rate since 1951 due to greater efforts to protect endangered speci ...
... as population pressure on environment relatively low; extinctions before 1850 not fully recorded; extinction rate 1851 to 1950 much higher due to rapid human population increase; and rapid rate of habitat loss; decrease in extinction rate since 1951 due to greater efforts to protect endangered speci ...
CO2, nitrogen, and diversity differentially affect seed production of
... seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, making it difficult to assess this possibility. To address this issue, we quantified the effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and declining diversity on inflorescence production a ...
... seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, making it difficult to assess this possibility. To address this issue, we quantified the effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and declining diversity on inflorescence production a ...
ecological opportunity and phenotypic plasticity
... Key words: amphibians; biogeography; competition; competitive exclusion; local adaptation; resource polymorphism. ...
... Key words: amphibians; biogeography; competition; competitive exclusion; local adaptation; resource polymorphism. ...
Succession
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
Learning Outcomes for Ecology Concepts and Applications 6e
... Manuel C. Molles, Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction to Ecology Introduction 1. Define ecology. 1.1 Overview of Ecology 1. Describe the levels of ecological organization, for example, population, studied by ecologists. 2. Distinguish between the types of questions addressed by ecologists working at differen ...
... Manuel C. Molles, Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction to Ecology Introduction 1. Define ecology. 1.1 Overview of Ecology 1. Describe the levels of ecological organization, for example, population, studied by ecologists. 2. Distinguish between the types of questions addressed by ecologists working at differen ...
Spatial Extent and Dynamics of Dam Impacts on Tropical Island
... and ecology are poorly known, and their potential impact on tropical islands is especially high. As the optimal locations for high dams in the tropics were exhausted over time, a shift to smaller-scale projects ensued (Vaux and Goldman 1990). Therefore, in addition to high dams and reservoirs, low-h ...
... and ecology are poorly known, and their potential impact on tropical islands is especially high. As the optimal locations for high dams in the tropics were exhausted over time, a shift to smaller-scale projects ensued (Vaux and Goldman 1990). Therefore, in addition to high dams and reservoirs, low-h ...
Niche saturation reveals resource partitioning among consumers
... community, overall consumption of aphid herbivores dramatically increases when more predator species are present (Snyder et al. 2006, 2008; Straub & Snyder 2008). Dominant predator species include the sit-and-wait predatory bug Nabis alternatus, the actively searching predatory lady beetles Hippodam ...
... community, overall consumption of aphid herbivores dramatically increases when more predator species are present (Snyder et al. 2006, 2008; Straub & Snyder 2008). Dominant predator species include the sit-and-wait predatory bug Nabis alternatus, the actively searching predatory lady beetles Hippodam ...
Possum Relocation - Australian Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference
... occurring (wild and development site) groups. These groups commonly had brown or yellow/brown urine, while carer animals more commonly had yellow urine. These differences probably indirectly relate to diet, as we find that turbidity and colour increases with increasing maturity of diet. Specific gra ...
... occurring (wild and development site) groups. These groups commonly had brown or yellow/brown urine, while carer animals more commonly had yellow urine. These differences probably indirectly relate to diet, as we find that turbidity and colour increases with increasing maturity of diet. Specific gra ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
Herbivore and pathogen damage on grassland and woodland plants
... we never forced stems into a vertical position if a plant did not allow for this type of position. We also arbitrarily touched certain leaves of each plant, simulating additional morphometric leaf measurements. We used four visitation frequencies, consisting of: (1) high visitation (once per week); ...
... we never forced stems into a vertical position if a plant did not allow for this type of position. We also arbitrarily touched certain leaves of each plant, simulating additional morphometric leaf measurements. We used four visitation frequencies, consisting of: (1) high visitation (once per week); ...
stochastic processes across scales Disentangling the importance of
... could explain a wide variety of ecological patterns. Hubbell’s ‘individual-based’ neutral theory was explicitly based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple v ...
... could explain a wide variety of ecological patterns. Hubbell’s ‘individual-based’ neutral theory was explicitly based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple v ...
anemone Anemonia sulcata.
... 1837) also supports this hypothesis, since symbiotic crabs displayed a strong preference for sea anemones over bare rocks. In the study area, it is possible that the grounds surrounding sampled A. sulcata (mainly bare rock with little algal growth) were just too exposed to allow proper shelter for d ...
... 1837) also supports this hypothesis, since symbiotic crabs displayed a strong preference for sea anemones over bare rocks. In the study area, it is possible that the grounds surrounding sampled A. sulcata (mainly bare rock with little algal growth) were just too exposed to allow proper shelter for d ...
here - Tejon Ranch Conservancy
... 1. Identify priority habitats We recommend that the Conservancy identify and classify primary and secondary priority areas for protection from wild pig damage. The Conservancy should also identify quantitative damage reduction objectives to guide their wild pig management program. ...
... 1. Identify priority habitats We recommend that the Conservancy identify and classify primary and secondary priority areas for protection from wild pig damage. The Conservancy should also identify quantitative damage reduction objectives to guide their wild pig management program. ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
1 Title: Isolation and characterization of polymorphic
... other closely related species, T. kanzawai, the motives CT and GT were also the targets for microsatellite characterization (Nishimura et al. 2003). We have obtained a similar rate of loci discarding as other authors (Navajas et al. 2002, Nishimura et al. 2003 and Uesugi et al. 2007). We were able t ...
... other closely related species, T. kanzawai, the motives CT and GT were also the targets for microsatellite characterization (Nishimura et al. 2003). We have obtained a similar rate of loci discarding as other authors (Navajas et al. 2002, Nishimura et al. 2003 and Uesugi et al. 2007). We were able t ...
Conservation genetics of two co-dominant grass
... of non-local seed and cultivars in restoration. There is concern that these sources may be genetically depauperate and their introduction may lead to loss of unique local genotypes. Within this context we considered the issue with regard to the once widespread but now highly fragmented North America ...
... of non-local seed and cultivars in restoration. There is concern that these sources may be genetically depauperate and their introduction may lead to loss of unique local genotypes. Within this context we considered the issue with regard to the once widespread but now highly fragmented North America ...
Guide to Native Grassland Management in
... but also wildlife. There are two critical components for management plans that enhance native grasslands for livestock and achieve wildlife benefits. The first component is that plant diversity is a positive aspect of any grassland or rangeland. A grassland of one type of grass (i.e., smooth brome o ...
... but also wildlife. There are two critical components for management plans that enhance native grasslands for livestock and achieve wildlife benefits. The first component is that plant diversity is a positive aspect of any grassland or rangeland. A grassland of one type of grass (i.e., smooth brome o ...
Eds., K. Omori, X. Guo, N. Yoshie, N. Fujii, I.... © by TERRAPUB, 2011.
... precision with which δ 15N was estimated. The slower increase in observed δ 15N values with increasing trophic level compared to those predicted from model-derived trophic level may be due to several reasons. Firstly, the assumptions made in the comparison between observed and predicted δ15N values ...
... precision with which δ 15N was estimated. The slower increase in observed δ 15N values with increasing trophic level compared to those predicted from model-derived trophic level may be due to several reasons. Firstly, the assumptions made in the comparison between observed and predicted δ15N values ...
v01 08
... Introduced species have the potential to cause serious ecological disruption, particularly on oceanic islands. When introduced species invade natural areas, endemic species may be threatened, especially when the invasive species represent guilds or functional groups that were previously lacking. Haw ...
... Introduced species have the potential to cause serious ecological disruption, particularly on oceanic islands. When introduced species invade natural areas, endemic species may be threatened, especially when the invasive species represent guilds or functional groups that were previously lacking. Haw ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.