Predation, resource availability, and community structure in
... habitat). Macroorganisms in tree holes consume decaying litter directly (e.g., Paradise and Dunson 1997), or indirectly by grazing and filtering decomposer microbes from litter surfaces and the water column (e.g., Fish and Carpenter 1982; Walker and Merritt 1991). Litter quality and quantity influen ...
... habitat). Macroorganisms in tree holes consume decaying litter directly (e.g., Paradise and Dunson 1997), or indirectly by grazing and filtering decomposer microbes from litter surfaces and the water column (e.g., Fish and Carpenter 1982; Walker and Merritt 1991). Litter quality and quantity influen ...
Durham E-Theses The Breeding Ecology of Homed Puffins
... systems (Boggs 1992, Steams 1992). For example, allocation of resources to reproduction may be constrained by limited opportunities for breeding (e.g. Pruett-Jones and Lewis 1990), by specialized food resources or ecological requirements (e.g. Ligon and Ligon 1990), or by a high risk of predation (e ...
... systems (Boggs 1992, Steams 1992). For example, allocation of resources to reproduction may be constrained by limited opportunities for breeding (e.g. Pruett-Jones and Lewis 1990), by specialized food resources or ecological requirements (e.g. Ligon and Ligon 1990), or by a high risk of predation (e ...
A conceptual model for conservation planning
... biological requirements and human use. This conceptual model is currently being ®eld tested across three sites in tropical Latin America and Africa and will be re®ned through experience over the next 5 years. 2. The landscape species concept Landscape species are de®ned as biological species that `` ...
... biological requirements and human use. This conceptual model is currently being ®eld tested across three sites in tropical Latin America and Africa and will be re®ned through experience over the next 5 years. 2. The landscape species concept Landscape species are de®ned as biological species that `` ...
Coexistence under positive frequency dependence Jane Molofsky , James D. Bever
... coexistence also signi¢cantly decreased with increasing levels of disturbance (table 1). Speci¢cally, the overall probability of coexistence decreased from 10.7, 7.4 and 5.9% to 1.3% as disturbance increased from d 0.0, d 0.1 and d 0.25 to d 0.5, respectively. The interactions between these ...
... coexistence also signi¢cantly decreased with increasing levels of disturbance (table 1). Speci¢cally, the overall probability of coexistence decreased from 10.7, 7.4 and 5.9% to 1.3% as disturbance increased from d 0.0, d 0.1 and d 0.25 to d 0.5, respectively. The interactions between these ...
Habitat heterogeneity, biogenic disturbance, and
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
Madagascar and other Islands - Endangered Species Handbook
... is thus possible that the crocodile survived. A large mongoose-like viverrid, Cryptoprocta spelea, and a very unusual aardvark-like animal, Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis, died out at an early date (Dewar 1984). Prior to the arrival of humans, elephant birds had been abundant in most parts of the ...
... is thus possible that the crocodile survived. A large mongoose-like viverrid, Cryptoprocta spelea, and a very unusual aardvark-like animal, Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis, died out at an early date (Dewar 1984). Prior to the arrival of humans, elephant birds had been abundant in most parts of the ...
Oral Presentation Abstracts - Queen`s University Belfast
... stronger predation pressure on small game. To test this hypothesis, often called alternative prey hypothesis, we surveyed small mammals biannually 2006–2010 in forests representing four successional stages in Taivalkoski, northern Finland, from clear-cuts through successional stages to old forests. ...
... stronger predation pressure on small game. To test this hypothesis, often called alternative prey hypothesis, we surveyed small mammals biannually 2006–2010 in forests representing four successional stages in Taivalkoski, northern Finland, from clear-cuts through successional stages to old forests. ...
a simulation of the future of kakapo
... population (in 2005) of only 86. It possesses a suite of unusual features that have made it especially vulnerable to the ecological changes that have occurred in New Zealand since colonisation by humans less than 1000 years ago. Kakapo are large (1.5 - 4 kg), flightless, nocturnal, herbivorous, lek ...
... population (in 2005) of only 86. It possesses a suite of unusual features that have made it especially vulnerable to the ecological changes that have occurred in New Zealand since colonisation by humans less than 1000 years ago. Kakapo are large (1.5 - 4 kg), flightless, nocturnal, herbivorous, lek ...
Vespa velutina: a new invasive predator of
... nest. Indeed, V. velutina males often occur on flowering plants, especially ivy (H. helix; Fig. 5), but the function of this attraction is unknown. Although they may forage for their own sustenance during their search for mates (ivy being a well-known autumnal source of nectar and pollen for many in ...
... nest. Indeed, V. velutina males often occur on flowering plants, especially ivy (H. helix; Fig. 5), but the function of this attraction is unknown. Although they may forage for their own sustenance during their search for mates (ivy being a well-known autumnal source of nectar and pollen for many in ...
Population-Wide Changes in Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Caused by
... of effect varies by species. Differential mortality among species on the same site has been shown by Mueller et al. (2005), who found mortality of common pinyon to be 6.5 times higher than oneseed juniper mortality during 2 drought events in northern Arizona. Although a precise number has not yet be ...
... of effect varies by species. Differential mortality among species on the same site has been shown by Mueller et al. (2005), who found mortality of common pinyon to be 6.5 times higher than oneseed juniper mortality during 2 drought events in northern Arizona. Although a precise number has not yet be ...
Australian Government
... promoting responsible ownership through education and local or state/territory legislation. For feral cats, the focus is on reducing numbers or inhibiting predation through the use of mechanical, chemical or biological methods. Management of stray cats often requires a combination of technical and s ...
... promoting responsible ownership through education and local or state/territory legislation. For feral cats, the focus is on reducing numbers or inhibiting predation through the use of mechanical, chemical or biological methods. Management of stray cats often requires a combination of technical and s ...
APES Unit #3- Presentation
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
QUESTION: Review
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
The Tall grass Prairie in Illinois
... problem of placing some species into the "prairie species" category. For this discussion we include all species that occupy or utilize during some stage of their life cycle the types of habitats recognized as prairie by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory; excluded are species restricted to open gr ...
... problem of placing some species into the "prairie species" category. For this discussion we include all species that occupy or utilize during some stage of their life cycle the types of habitats recognized as prairie by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory; excluded are species restricted to open gr ...
Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence
... missing, giving reduced buffering against environmental fluctuations (Tilman 1996). Invasion resistance may also be lower, since there will be gaps in niche space which an invader can exploit (Dukes 2001). The measurement of functional richness depends on knowing the distribution of the abundance of ...
... missing, giving reduced buffering against environmental fluctuations (Tilman 1996). Invasion resistance may also be lower, since there will be gaps in niche space which an invader can exploit (Dukes 2001). The measurement of functional richness depends on knowing the distribution of the abundance of ...
Adaptive physiology of heteromyid rodents
... McNab (1979) on data emanating from several laboratories. Since two of the four Pe- ...
... McNab (1979) on data emanating from several laboratories. Since two of the four Pe- ...
African ungulates recognize a locally extinct native predator
... responses to predation risk exhibited by prey may be a prerequisite for carnivores to supply their full suite of ecosystem functions (Berger 2007). Large carnivores are typically extinction prone and most continents have suffered dramatic declines in their terrestrial large carnivore fauna (Dalerum ...
... responses to predation risk exhibited by prey may be a prerequisite for carnivores to supply their full suite of ecosystem functions (Berger 2007). Large carnivores are typically extinction prone and most continents have suffered dramatic declines in their terrestrial large carnivore fauna (Dalerum ...
Animals - Waikato Regional Council
... Hedgehogs are mainly insectivorous, but will eat any animal substance and even some plant material. Hedgehogs may eat 160g of invertebrates per animal per day.5 Diets vary depending on site and season, but beetles are important foods in most habitats. In suburban areas and lowland farms, hedgehogs e ...
... Hedgehogs are mainly insectivorous, but will eat any animal substance and even some plant material. Hedgehogs may eat 160g of invertebrates per animal per day.5 Diets vary depending on site and season, but beetles are important foods in most habitats. In suburban areas and lowland farms, hedgehogs e ...
Andrew Lentini Captive Massasauga Populations
... Captive Massasauga Populations and Conservation • This population of rescued massasaugas provides a tremendous opportunity for research. • Two research projects, one in captivity and one in the field, have been proposed for this population. • The first is a proposal to determine the feasibility of ...
... Captive Massasauga Populations and Conservation • This population of rescued massasaugas provides a tremendous opportunity for research. • Two research projects, one in captivity and one in the field, have been proposed for this population. • The first is a proposal to determine the feasibility of ...
Response of Native Insect Communities to Invasive Plants
... The introduction and establishment of invasive plants into new habitats in which they have not coevolved with the native biota are identified as a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function (97, 145). Invasive plants can affect native communities by competing with and excluding ...
... The introduction and establishment of invasive plants into new habitats in which they have not coevolved with the native biota are identified as a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function (97, 145). Invasive plants can affect native communities by competing with and excluding ...
Invasive alien species in protected areas
... Invasive alien species (IAS) are found in all taxonomic groups and virtually every ecosystem type, in any region of the world has been affected to some extent. Biological invasions by alien species are now considered one of the main factors in the loss of biodiversity worldwide. Impacts from IAS on ...
... Invasive alien species (IAS) are found in all taxonomic groups and virtually every ecosystem type, in any region of the world has been affected to some extent. Biological invasions by alien species are now considered one of the main factors in the loss of biodiversity worldwide. Impacts from IAS on ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SOFT-WATER CALCIUM DECLINE ON THE LIFE- DAPHNIA
... species, such as copepods, which range from 0.2-0.4% (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Calcium demand is further intensified for Daphnia due to the continuous molting of calcified exoskeletons, known as carapaces. Rather than reabsorbing Ca from their carapace prior to molting, Daphnia acquire aqueous calcium ...
... species, such as copepods, which range from 0.2-0.4% (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Calcium demand is further intensified for Daphnia due to the continuous molting of calcified exoskeletons, known as carapaces. Rather than reabsorbing Ca from their carapace prior to molting, Daphnia acquire aqueous calcium ...
A review of factors limiting recovery of Pacific herring stocks in Canada
... 1983, 1986, and 1989 (Dorn et al., 1994). Because the acoustic surveys only covered the southern WCVI portion of BC, the information derived from these represent minimum biomass estimates. More recently, transect-specific integrated acoustic (using a different target strength) and trawl-survey estim ...
... 1983, 1986, and 1989 (Dorn et al., 1994). Because the acoustic surveys only covered the southern WCVI portion of BC, the information derived from these represent minimum biomass estimates. More recently, transect-specific integrated acoustic (using a different target strength) and trawl-survey estim ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.