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Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities C
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities C

... by the physical and chemical environment, which sets limits on species’ distributions and abundances. Invertebrate species interactions determine community composition within these limits through processes that parallel those observed in coastal habitats, but sometimes in ways that challenge establi ...
The Impact of Non-Native Species - Case Study: The Signal Crayfish
The Impact of Non-Native Species - Case Study: The Signal Crayfish

... management purposes. This byelaw also makes it illegal to trap native crayfish from the wild without a licence. This is also illegal under Section 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981 and also controlled under the EU Habitats Directive. Keeping of Non-native species The Keeping of Live F ...
Changes in grassland songbird abundances through the northern mixed-grass prairie.
Changes in grassland songbird abundances through the northern mixed-grass prairie.

... northern mixed-grass prairies on the grassland songbird community. Point counts were conducted to assess songbird species abundances in burned-grazed, burned-ungrazed, unburned-grazed, and unburned-ungrazed pastures along with habitat structure (litter depth, vegetation height and density) over a fi ...
Overview of temporary ponds in the Mediterranean region : Threats
Overview of temporary ponds in the Mediterranean region : Threats

... Abstract: Mediterranean temporary ponds (MTPs) comprise an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be found in many countries, mainly in the Mediterranean region but are disappearing at a high rate. For designing optimal conservation and management strategies for the particular ecos ...
A literature review of urban effects on lowland heaths and their wildlife
A literature review of urban effects on lowland heaths and their wildlife

... Heather clad lowland heath developed on light, freely draining, acid soils following prehistoric woodland clearance, and down the centuries, has been kept open by grazing, burning and cutting. As the economic value of these uses declined, considerable areas of heath were lost to agriculture, forestr ...
potential mechanisms underlying the displacement of native red
potential mechanisms underlying the displacement of native red

... clumped. Our prediction was based on asymmetries in age, development stage, and size between individuals of these two species (i.e., bullfrogs are older and larger by the time the two species begin to interact), and the influence this is likely to have on competitive interactions (e.g., Wilbur 1987, ...
Representations of the ecological niche
Representations of the ecological niche

... The fundamental niche F uN is a concept consisting mainly of a combination of conditions, in ecology called categories (from the ‘n-category theory’), to construct a hypervolume in multidimensional space (see §2.3). In ontology terminology, the ‘category’ is a combination of a quality/feature/proper ...
International Single Species Action Plan for the
International Single Species Action Plan for the

... & Soldaat 2006), resulting in a current population of c. 55,000 pairs (data SOVON, W. Teunissen pers. com.). This number may even be lower, as in the province of Fryslân, where half of the Dutch population breeds, the annual decline during 20002005 was 9% (Oosterveld 2006). Locally there are populat ...
SNH Commissioned Report 524
SNH Commissioned Report 524

... reintroductions can be facilitated whilst providing mechanisms for dealing with conflicts between the reintroduced species and landowners and managers. A need for this research arose from discussions at the Scottish National Species Reintroduction Forum which highlighted the need to provide more cla ...
American Mink (Mustela vison) and its impact on native species in
American Mink (Mustela vison) and its impact on native species in

... Introduction It has been recognised that introduced species can have a major negative impact on biodiversity; other than loss of habitat the introduction of exotic species is considered to be the second widest global threat to biodiversity (Long 2003; Gittleman et al. 2001). The British Isles have e ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic

... across the tree of life (small grey circles). This highlights the possibility that the range of clade-wide values for a given trait can be reasonably predicted from a small number of individuals within the clade. At broad phylogenetic scales, convergence of traits between distantly related clades (s ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology

... across the tree of life (small grey circles). This highlights the possibility that the range of clade-wide values for a given trait can be reasonably predicted from a small number of individuals within the clade. At broad phylogenetic scales, convergence of traits between distantly related clades (s ...
Colonization of artificial seagrass versus time and distance from
Colonization of artificial seagrass versus time and distance from

... densities, the dominant crustacean Cymadusa compta (Amphipoda) colonized 38 times as abundantly as the dominant gastropod, Bittium varium. We attribute this increased crustacean colonization far from grassbeds to the 'nearest refuge' hypothesis, but also suggest an alternative predation hypothesis. ...
Perry J, Fisher A and Palmer C (2011)
Perry J, Fisher A and Palmer C (2011)

... northern Australia (Schodde 1982). There are 10 recognised species of grasswren in Australia (Christidis and Boles 2008), all of which occupy a narrow range of habitats. This habitat specialisation is thought to be a function of limited dispersal ability, which makes them particularly vulnerable to ...
The New Mexico Association of Counties Wildfire Risk Reduction
The New Mexico Association of Counties Wildfire Risk Reduction

... Protection of known locations of habitat occupied by federally listed and candidate species will be achieved by development of fuel reduction projects to incorporate these conservation measures that apply to all projects, riparian and aquatic conservation measures, listed plant conservation measures ...
MULTI-SPECIES FEEDING ASSOCIATIONS IN NORTH SEA
MULTI-SPECIES FEEDING ASSOCIATIONS IN NORTH SEA

... We studied the foraging distribution and the formation of multi-species feeding associations of seabirds and marine mammals off the British east coast. The local top-predator community comprised c. 34 species of seabirds, two pinnipeds and eight cetaceans. It appeared that multi-species feeding asso ...
Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi - e
Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi - e

... control a pest has been a cornerstone of the discipline of plant pathology throughout much of its early history [30]. ...
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Revision
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Revision

... 50. The diagrams above show four different types of interactions between species. An arrow pointing from one organism to another means that the first organism has an effect on the second organism. Label each diagram with the correct type of interaction. 51. The cardon and organ-pipe are flowering c ...
Feral goat management
Feral goat management

... Australia, despite decades of control effort. Eradication from island habitats, however, has been successfully achieved in Australia (Daly and Goriup, 1987; Allen and Lee, 1995) and New Zealand (Parkes, 1990), and should be considered an option to protect native species and ecological communities on ...
Ecosystem context and historical contingency in apex predator
Ecosystem context and historical contingency in apex predator

... of recovery times for overexploited fisheries suggests that highertrophic level species are likely to exhibit the slowest recovery rates (17). Indeed, this finding almost certainly generalizes that apex predator recoveries often will be slower than those of lower-trophic level species simply because ...
File - Jarrett Friesen
File - Jarrett Friesen

... disastrous impact an invasive species can have on a body of water. In this example, zebra mussels were introduced via shipping, which is the most common pathway for invasive species (Molnar et al, 2008). The aggressive nature of this pest, along with their high reproductive output, causes concern fo ...
Module # 7 – Component # 12
Module # 7 – Component # 12

... There are, however, quite a number of documented cases of cheetah being able to kill much larger prey when hunting co-operatively. In one specific scenario, a group of cheetah seems to specialise in giraffe. Even when a successful kill is made, the cheetah now faces other problems. It is seen to gor ...
Funnel trapping for terrestrial fauna
Funnel trapping for terrestrial fauna

... vertebrates undertaken across the State by the Department of Parks and Wildlife. It may also be used to guide fauna survey and monitoring activities undertaken by NRM groups, consultants, researchers and any other individuals or organisations. All Parks and Wildlife personnel involved in using funne ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in fishes
The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in fishes

... elevation of the scaling relationship of metabolic rate with body size (i.e. Ômetabolic levelÕ). As a result, b in relatively inactive organisms (i.e. those in a dormant or resting state or engaged in relatively inexpensive routine activities) should vary inversely with metabolic level, whereas thos ...
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Island restoration



The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.
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