ecological opportunity and phenotypic plasticity
... two main evolutionary outcomes. First, one may drive the other locally extinct as predicted by the competitive exclusion principle, which states that no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources ...
... two main evolutionary outcomes. First, one may drive the other locally extinct as predicted by the competitive exclusion principle, which states that no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of White
... ungulates on vegetation can induce indirect effects on associated co-occurring animal communities. Although there is a broad body of work on how deer and other ungulates indirectly affect bird and small mammal communities, much less work has been done on the indirect effects of deer on arthropod ass ...
... ungulates on vegetation can induce indirect effects on associated co-occurring animal communities. Although there is a broad body of work on how deer and other ungulates indirectly affect bird and small mammal communities, much less work has been done on the indirect effects of deer on arthropod ass ...
PDF 428KB - University of Hawaii
... glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densitie ...
... glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densitie ...
A dual frame survey to assess time- and space
... makers had to quickly balance the need for managing livestock depredations with the conservation of wolves as a protected species. The French authorities therefore required a reliable assessment of changes in the species range and population numbers, as well as a reliable monitoring of depredations ...
... makers had to quickly balance the need for managing livestock depredations with the conservation of wolves as a protected species. The French authorities therefore required a reliable assessment of changes in the species range and population numbers, as well as a reliable monitoring of depredations ...
Daphnia hybridization along ecological gradients in pelagic
... At each sampling date, we collected zooplankton by vertical hauls of plankton nets (mesh size 170 mm) from three sampling stations along the reservoir main axis, which covered the longitudinal environmental gradients: upstream near the river inflow; in the centre of the reservoir; and at the deepest ...
... At each sampling date, we collected zooplankton by vertical hauls of plankton nets (mesh size 170 mm) from three sampling stations along the reservoir main axis, which covered the longitudinal environmental gradients: upstream near the river inflow; in the centre of the reservoir; and at the deepest ...
Adaptations to Intraguild Competition
... and a den site that can only be occupied by one animal at a time. In contrast, interference competition takes place when two animals compete directly for a resource, especially food, and can result in the death of one of the competitors (Linnell and Strand 2000). New recognition of the ecological im ...
... and a den site that can only be occupied by one animal at a time. In contrast, interference competition takes place when two animals compete directly for a resource, especially food, and can result in the death of one of the competitors (Linnell and Strand 2000). New recognition of the ecological im ...
The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient polymorpha (Myrtaceae)
... glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densitie ...
... glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots. 2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes. 3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densitie ...
ecosystem effects of biodiversity manipulations in
... more light, taking up more nitrogen, and occupying more of the available space. Diversity had significant effects through both increased vegetation cover and greater nitrogen retention by plants when this resource was more abundant through N2 fixation by legumes. However, additional positive diversi ...
... more light, taking up more nitrogen, and occupying more of the available space. Diversity had significant effects through both increased vegetation cover and greater nitrogen retention by plants when this resource was more abundant through N2 fixation by legumes. However, additional positive diversi ...
Title Regeneration Processes and Coexistence Mechanisms of Two
... richness. The hypotheses mentioned above are not necessarily contradictory to each other; ...
... richness. The hypotheses mentioned above are not necessarily contradictory to each other; ...
Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation
... Several stimulating examples related to the connectivity and functioning of riverine and freshwater habitats can be found as well in the present issue. Carranza et al. analysed the capacity of species to move both on freshwater and terrestrial realms in the case of the endangered Eurasian otter in I ...
... Several stimulating examples related to the connectivity and functioning of riverine and freshwater habitats can be found as well in the present issue. Carranza et al. analysed the capacity of species to move both on freshwater and terrestrial realms in the case of the endangered Eurasian otter in I ...
An investigation into the effects of tourist related disturbances on
... increasingly being used to reduce damage to forest habitats that is usually associated with traditional logging regimes (Lewis 2001, Whitman et al 1998, Asner 2004). This involves directional felling to reduce damage done to the remaining stand, liana cutting to avoid destroying the forest canopy, m ...
... increasingly being used to reduce damage to forest habitats that is usually associated with traditional logging regimes (Lewis 2001, Whitman et al 1998, Asner 2004). This involves directional felling to reduce damage done to the remaining stand, liana cutting to avoid destroying the forest canopy, m ...
experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary
... dation. The addition of predation to these systems has three effects. (1) Predators can reduce, even eliminate, prey. There are species-specific differences among co-occurring prey in their risks of predation, and these risks change with relative body sizes of predator and prey. (2) Individuals may ...
... dation. The addition of predation to these systems has three effects. (1) Predators can reduce, even eliminate, prey. There are species-specific differences among co-occurring prey in their risks of predation, and these risks change with relative body sizes of predator and prey. (2) Individuals may ...
Western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) - GB non
... It is important that policy decisions and action within Great Britain are underpinned by evidence. At the same time it is not always possible to have complete scientific certainty before taking action. To determine the evidence base and manage uncertainty a process of risk analysis is used. Risk ana ...
... It is important that policy decisions and action within Great Britain are underpinned by evidence. At the same time it is not always possible to have complete scientific certainty before taking action. To determine the evidence base and manage uncertainty a process of risk analysis is used. Risk ana ...
Conservation priorities for species and ecosystems: primer (PDF
... existing threats, and the complexity of implementing recovery actions. This tool utilizes a decision key for consistent assessment and rapid assignment of species and ecosystems to the most appropriate management action(s). These actions range from the re-assessment of status ranks based on new info ...
... existing threats, and the complexity of implementing recovery actions. This tool utilizes a decision key for consistent assessment and rapid assignment of species and ecosystems to the most appropriate management action(s). These actions range from the re-assessment of status ranks based on new info ...
Montane (habitats above the treeline) U1
... At least 5% of Tayside is made up of montane habitat and this can be found in the north and west of the area. In Tayside 36,000 hectares were classified montane habitat in the Land Cover Scotland survey in 1988. This is likely to be an underestimate if the definition is taken to be all land over 600 ...
... At least 5% of Tayside is made up of montane habitat and this can be found in the north and west of the area. In Tayside 36,000 hectares were classified montane habitat in the Land Cover Scotland survey in 1988. This is likely to be an underestimate if the definition is taken to be all land over 600 ...
spatial variation in molluscan assemblages from coralline turfs of
... and the Bray – Curtis similarity coefficient (Bray & Curtis, 1957). Hypotheses about differences in species richness, evenness of assemblages J0 (Pielou, 1975), and abundances of major molluscan groups were tested with nested analyses of variance (ANOVA). Except for evenness, all univariate molluscan ...
... and the Bray – Curtis similarity coefficient (Bray & Curtis, 1957). Hypotheses about differences in species richness, evenness of assemblages J0 (Pielou, 1975), and abundances of major molluscan groups were tested with nested analyses of variance (ANOVA). Except for evenness, all univariate molluscan ...
Introduction - Beck-Shop
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
Terrestrial predators and abiotic conditions affect hatching survival
... Taken together our results show that the interpretations of food web dynamics can be quite different depending on the suit of focal species. For example at low tadpole densities we might assume that the reduction in tadpole inputs due to predator and abiotic factors would have a positive effect on p ...
... Taken together our results show that the interpretations of food web dynamics can be quite different depending on the suit of focal species. For example at low tadpole densities we might assume that the reduction in tadpole inputs due to predator and abiotic factors would have a positive effect on p ...
Chapter 53 communities
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... differences can promote local diversity. Understanding these mechanisms requires that we simultaneously quantify their effects on demography and link these effects to community dynamics. Successional forests are ideal systems for testing assembly theory because they exhibit rapid community assembly. ...
... differences can promote local diversity. Understanding these mechanisms requires that we simultaneously quantify their effects on demography and link these effects to community dynamics. Successional forests are ideal systems for testing assembly theory because they exhibit rapid community assembly. ...
Distribution and trophic ecology of chaetognaths in the western
... Comparisons between stations were conducted by analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the requirements of homoscedasticity were not fulfilled, data were transformed. In those cases where no suitable transformation was found, non-parametric tests were used instead. The study of foraging strategies betwee ...
... Comparisons between stations were conducted by analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the requirements of homoscedasticity were not fulfilled, data were transformed. In those cases where no suitable transformation was found, non-parametric tests were used instead. The study of foraging strategies betwee ...
video slide - Course-Not
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Full Issue, Vol. 65 No. 2 - BYU ScholarsArchive
... 1982, Werner 1994); however, Leffler (1979) presented distinguishing morphological and geographical attributes for the 2 species. Apart from studies by Dahl (1939) and Rumpp (1956), C. amargosae has received little attention in entomological literature except for Leffler (1979), who included this sp ...
... 1982, Werner 1994); however, Leffler (1979) presented distinguishing morphological and geographical attributes for the 2 species. Apart from studies by Dahl (1939) and Rumpp (1956), C. amargosae has received little attention in entomological literature except for Leffler (1979), who included this sp ...
"Allometry and Metabolic Scaling in Ecology". - People
... endothermic and ectothermic taxa (Figure 3a). More generally, these findings emphasize that body size plays a primary role in the ecology and evolution of species because rmax controls a population’s ability to recover from disturbance, to expand into newly available habitats and to compete with othe ...
... endothermic and ectothermic taxa (Figure 3a). More generally, these findings emphasize that body size plays a primary role in the ecology and evolution of species because rmax controls a population’s ability to recover from disturbance, to expand into newly available habitats and to compete with othe ...
Unit 1 - OpenWetWare
... 19. Explain how dominant and keystone species exert strong control on community structure. Give several examples of each. 20. Describe and distinguish between the bottom-up and top-down models of community organization. Also describe some models that are intermediate between those two extremes. Dist ...
... 19. Explain how dominant and keystone species exert strong control on community structure. Give several examples of each. 20. Describe and distinguish between the bottom-up and top-down models of community organization. Also describe some models that are intermediate between those two extremes. Dist ...