ppt
... 1. Origin of “diversity” (actually S) within lineages For example, why do some lineages contain more species than others? This is a macroevolutionary question; relevant processes are speciation & extinction (therefore, including all the processes that influence speciation & extinction rates) Wheneve ...
... 1. Origin of “diversity” (actually S) within lineages For example, why do some lineages contain more species than others? This is a macroevolutionary question; relevant processes are speciation & extinction (therefore, including all the processes that influence speciation & extinction rates) Wheneve ...
Grassland Songbird Community Relationships Mediated by Cattle
... I also examined relationships between songbird abundance and plant community composition. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analyses. Species differed in responses to increased grazing (0 to 0.85 AUM/ha); Sprague’s pipit responded negatively, whereas chestnut-collared longspur responded ...
... I also examined relationships between songbird abundance and plant community composition. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analyses. Species differed in responses to increased grazing (0 to 0.85 AUM/ha); Sprague’s pipit responded negatively, whereas chestnut-collared longspur responded ...
Insect herbivory in an experimental agroecosystem: the relative
... abundances of species (Moilanen and Hanski 1998, Debinski and Holt 2000, Tscharntke et al. 2002, Cronin 2003). The effects of these factors on levels of herbivory have received a smaller, but still considerable, amount of attention (Thies et al. 2003, Östergård and Ehrlén 2005, Valladares et al. ...
... abundances of species (Moilanen and Hanski 1998, Debinski and Holt 2000, Tscharntke et al. 2002, Cronin 2003). The effects of these factors on levels of herbivory have received a smaller, but still considerable, amount of attention (Thies et al. 2003, Östergård and Ehrlén 2005, Valladares et al. ...
Streaked Horned Lark Habitat Characteristics
... breeding occurrences of streaked horned larks within each region. Areas that do not show occurrences are not necessarily a reflection of absence, but may simply be a result of limited survey effort. There is limited information available about lark movement within and between breeding seasons (but s ...
... breeding occurrences of streaked horned larks within each region. Areas that do not show occurrences are not necessarily a reflection of absence, but may simply be a result of limited survey effort. There is limited information available about lark movement within and between breeding seasons (but s ...
Draft ISSAP Long-tailed Duck
... Duck remains relatively little-studied. The combination of remote Arctic and sub-Arctic breeding areas, and offshore marine wintering sites makes observations difficult, and it can only be surveyed satisfactorily by ship or aeroplane. In most Range States, there are relatively few academic or volunt ...
... Duck remains relatively little-studied. The combination of remote Arctic and sub-Arctic breeding areas, and offshore marine wintering sites makes observations difficult, and it can only be surveyed satisfactorily by ship or aeroplane. In most Range States, there are relatively few academic or volunt ...
consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass
... community composition and biomass, neither Elton’s pyramid nor HSS patterns have proven to be universal features of ecosystems (Strong 1992, Abrams 1993, Del Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally ...
... community composition and biomass, neither Elton’s pyramid nor HSS patterns have proven to be universal features of ecosystems (Strong 1992, Abrams 1993, Del Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally ...
Zoobenthos in the littoral and profundal zones of four Faroese lakes
... Density and species composition of macroinvertebrates in the littoral and profundal zones of the four Faroese lakes Leynavatn, Eystara Mjáavatn, Saksunarvatn and Toftavatn were studied in early August 2000. Mean density of macroinvertebrates on rocky substrate in the littoral zone ranged between 11, ...
... Density and species composition of macroinvertebrates in the littoral and profundal zones of the four Faroese lakes Leynavatn, Eystara Mjáavatn, Saksunarvatn and Toftavatn were studied in early August 2000. Mean density of macroinvertebrates on rocky substrate in the littoral zone ranged between 11, ...
secondary succession
... Succession: a brief history • Walker and Chapin (1987) expanded the notion of succession as a temporal gradient in the importance of various interspecific interactions and other events • During colonization, maturation and senescence the importance of seed dispersal, availability of propagules on t ...
... Succession: a brief history • Walker and Chapin (1987) expanded the notion of succession as a temporal gradient in the importance of various interspecific interactions and other events • During colonization, maturation and senescence the importance of seed dispersal, availability of propagules on t ...
The dynamical theory of coevolution
... theory. Rather than postulating measures of fitness and assuming plausible adaptive dynamics, these should be rigorously derived. Only by accounting for the ecological foundations of the evolutionary process in terms of the underlying population dynamics, is it possible to incorporate properly both d ...
... theory. Rather than postulating measures of fitness and assuming plausible adaptive dynamics, these should be rigorously derived. Only by accounting for the ecological foundations of the evolutionary process in terms of the underlying population dynamics, is it possible to incorporate properly both d ...
The Biology of Limpets, part 2, Branch
... transformation occurs is controlled partly by the presence of other animals; a high proportion of females retards transformation. Thus sex change is also beneficial in regulating sex ratios. Hoagland contrasts this with species which brood their young and lack a planktonic larva. Recruitment is thus ...
... transformation occurs is controlled partly by the presence of other animals; a high proportion of females retards transformation. Thus sex change is also beneficial in regulating sex ratios. Hoagland contrasts this with species which brood their young and lack a planktonic larva. Recruitment is thus ...
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FORAGING AGGRESSION IN TWO
... but not rosyside dace, partially supporting the predictions of resource defense theory. Overall, the yellowfin shiner was both more aggressive and more likely to exhibit aggression than the rosyside dace. A patch-choice experiment also revealed yellowfin shiner were more capable than rosyside dace ...
... but not rosyside dace, partially supporting the predictions of resource defense theory. Overall, the yellowfin shiner was both more aggressive and more likely to exhibit aggression than the rosyside dace. A patch-choice experiment also revealed yellowfin shiner were more capable than rosyside dace ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
FastTracks - People Pages
... itself. These studies would also be only a few years old. The studies consulted for the whitetailed jackrabbit are far from this ideal. Three main drawbacks occur through nearly all of the studies: 1. Most of the studies are from out of state, such as the plains states, where white-tailed jackrabbi ...
... itself. These studies would also be only a few years old. The studies consulted for the whitetailed jackrabbit are far from this ideal. Three main drawbacks occur through nearly all of the studies: 1. Most of the studies are from out of state, such as the plains states, where white-tailed jackrabbi ...
Fulltext - ETH E
... factors such as site fertility, typically confounded with biodiversity, are kept constant. It is now widely accepted that biodiversity positively affects the functioning of ecosystems, by enhancing single functions such as productivity, ecosystem stability, ecosystem resilience, invasion resistance ...
... factors such as site fertility, typically confounded with biodiversity, are kept constant. It is now widely accepted that biodiversity positively affects the functioning of ecosystems, by enhancing single functions such as productivity, ecosystem stability, ecosystem resilience, invasion resistance ...
Richness–productivity relationships between trophic levels in a
... provide a starting point. All else being equal, greater biomass or number of individuals in a community should be associated with greater number of species. This “More Individuals hypothesis” (MIH, Srivastava and Lawton 1998) postulates that greater productivity supports higher population densities, ...
... provide a starting point. All else being equal, greater biomass or number of individuals in a community should be associated with greater number of species. This “More Individuals hypothesis” (MIH, Srivastava and Lawton 1998) postulates that greater productivity supports higher population densities, ...
Effect of Argentine ant invasions on ground
... (6.5 cm ´ 7.5 cm). Baits contained proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and were highly attractive to the common, epigeic ants in these study areas (Holway, in press b). Recruitment was de®ned as ten workers of one species present simultaneously at a bait, except for the poorly recruiting Formica spp ...
... (6.5 cm ´ 7.5 cm). Baits contained proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and were highly attractive to the common, epigeic ants in these study areas (Holway, in press b). Recruitment was de®ned as ten workers of one species present simultaneously at a bait, except for the poorly recruiting Formica spp ...
Anthocorid bugs (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae) as natural predators of
... biological control agents (Lacey et al. 2001). However, after the Second World War chemical pesticides became mass-produced (Gaugler et al. 1997; van Lenteren 2012). Since then, the world’s use of pesticides has increased 12 folds in all types of crops (Driesc ...
... biological control agents (Lacey et al. 2001). However, after the Second World War chemical pesticides became mass-produced (Gaugler et al. 1997; van Lenteren 2012). Since then, the world’s use of pesticides has increased 12 folds in all types of crops (Driesc ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: does species diversity
... The attitude towards nature in society is changing. From areas that need to be protected from human activities to a position of nature in the centre of society, where ecosystems provide services for society representing the utility factor of nature: our natural capital. Examples of this changing pos ...
... The attitude towards nature in society is changing. From areas that need to be protected from human activities to a position of nature in the centre of society, where ecosystems provide services for society representing the utility factor of nature: our natural capital. Examples of this changing pos ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... Entropy (Shannon 1948) or the Gini-Simpson index (Simpson 1949) (Table 1.1). Both these measures represent particular aspects of relative species abundances within a community, but differ in the way their values need to be interpreted. Shannon Entropy for instance represents the evenness of the spec ...
... Entropy (Shannon 1948) or the Gini-Simpson index (Simpson 1949) (Table 1.1). Both these measures represent particular aspects of relative species abundances within a community, but differ in the way their values need to be interpreted. Shannon Entropy for instance represents the evenness of the spec ...
Martes martes
... In 1987 the International Organisation for Standardization ISO through its Technical Committee TC 191 (where FACE has an observer status) started working to agree acceptable trapping standards from a point of view of animal welfare. Although good progress was made, the process did not manage to esta ...
... In 1987 the International Organisation for Standardization ISO through its Technical Committee TC 191 (where FACE has an observer status) started working to agree acceptable trapping standards from a point of view of animal welfare. Although good progress was made, the process did not manage to esta ...
Document
... interspersed with S. pacifica dominating one small section of bank. On the north end of the island the channels gradually closed, and S. densiflora monocultures completely dominated. This abruptly transitioned to a thin ring of S. pacifica, then a mixed plain dominated by D. spicata with intersperse ...
... interspersed with S. pacifica dominating one small section of bank. On the north end of the island the channels gradually closed, and S. densiflora monocultures completely dominated. This abruptly transitioned to a thin ring of S. pacifica, then a mixed plain dominated by D. spicata with intersperse ...
Predictable evolution toward flightlessness in volant
... irds on islands helped to inspire the theory of evolution by natural selection (1, 2), and they continue to illuminate its mechanisms (e.g., ref. 3). Some studies have reported that the bodies and bills of island birds systematically shift in size, reflecting evolution toward a generalist niche in s ...
... irds on islands helped to inspire the theory of evolution by natural selection (1, 2), and they continue to illuminate its mechanisms (e.g., ref. 3). Some studies have reported that the bodies and bills of island birds systematically shift in size, reflecting evolution toward a generalist niche in s ...
View Document - bison-m
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
Roskilde University 1 - Roskilde University Digital Archive
... dynamics of the three species from a Danish location, but the comparison between habitats could have been bettered had data on climate i.e., temperature, humidity and rainfall been included. This would have made it possible to compare tendencies between years. In general the interpretation of condit ...
... dynamics of the three species from a Danish location, but the comparison between habitats could have been bettered had data on climate i.e., temperature, humidity and rainfall been included. This would have made it possible to compare tendencies between years. In general the interpretation of condit ...
Habitat displacement effect between two competing owl species in
... or montane forests in the Dinaric Alps, Moldavian Plateau, and Bohemian Forest (Stürzer 1998; Vrezec 2003; Vrezec and Tome 2004a, b; Bolboacă et al. 2013). However, nothing is known about the competition and spatial segregation of these two species in fragmented forests. This subject has never bee ...
... or montane forests in the Dinaric Alps, Moldavian Plateau, and Bohemian Forest (Stürzer 1998; Vrezec 2003; Vrezec and Tome 2004a, b; Bolboacă et al. 2013). However, nothing is known about the competition and spatial segregation of these two species in fragmented forests. This subject has never bee ...