Variation in the outcome of population interactions: bifurcations and
... Cushman & Whitman (1989) found a positive density-dependence. Environmental conditions can also influence the balance – at low predator densities less protection is needed by the herbivores (Del-Claro & Oliveira 2000) – or even reverse the outcome of the association: the higher the quality of the hos ...
... Cushman & Whitman (1989) found a positive density-dependence. Environmental conditions can also influence the balance – at low predator densities less protection is needed by the herbivores (Del-Claro & Oliveira 2000) – or even reverse the outcome of the association: the higher the quality of the hos ...
1495/Chapter 14 - Toronto District Christian High School
... However, there is more to this story than just the relationship between predator and prey. Hare populations on arctic islands where there are no lynx also undergo a cycle, indicating that it is not simply the effect of predators that causes hare populations to increase or decrease. An alternative hy ...
... However, there is more to this story than just the relationship between predator and prey. Hare populations on arctic islands where there are no lynx also undergo a cycle, indicating that it is not simply the effect of predators that causes hare populations to increase or decrease. An alternative hy ...
Biodiversity effects on productivity and stability of marine macroalgal
... another potential outcome of species richness: community stability. Theory and experimental evidence indicate that species richness can lead to decreased variability (increased stability) of aggregate community properties such as biomass over time (Cottingham et al. 2001, Steiner et al. 2005) and sp ...
... another potential outcome of species richness: community stability. Theory and experimental evidence indicate that species richness can lead to decreased variability (increased stability) of aggregate community properties such as biomass over time (Cottingham et al. 2001, Steiner et al. 2005) and sp ...
FACILITATIVE INTERACTIONS AMONG PLANTS VIA SHARED
... Abstract. Outcrossing in plants is influenced by the availability of pollinators and compatible mates, both of which may be modified by the population and community context in which plant–pollinator interactions occur. Although indirect interactions among plants through shared pollinators are often ...
... Abstract. Outcrossing in plants is influenced by the availability of pollinators and compatible mates, both of which may be modified by the population and community context in which plant–pollinator interactions occur. Although indirect interactions among plants through shared pollinators are often ...
1 Optimal Public Control of Exotic Species: Preventing the Brown
... This paper develops a theoretical model for the efficient establishment of economic policy pertaining to invasive species, integrating prevention and control of invasive species into a single model of optimal control policy, and applies this model to the case of the Brown tree snake as a potential i ...
... This paper develops a theoretical model for the efficient establishment of economic policy pertaining to invasive species, integrating prevention and control of invasive species into a single model of optimal control policy, and applies this model to the case of the Brown tree snake as a potential i ...
tests for similarity and convergence of finch
... Abstract. Convergence at the community level occurs when whole groups of organisms become more similar than their ancestors in a similar environment. I suggest a method for indirectly assessing community convergence, and apply it to several characteristics of finch communities in different habitats ...
... Abstract. Convergence at the community level occurs when whole groups of organisms become more similar than their ancestors in a similar environment. I suggest a method for indirectly assessing community convergence, and apply it to several characteristics of finch communities in different habitats ...
Biodiversity: an introduction - European Capitals of Biodiversity
... 2. Competition: When a new exploitable resource becomes available, individuals within a given population may benefit from choosing to specialise on only one resource (i.e. either the new or the original resource). Speciation can arise when the offspring of parents that specialise on the same resourc ...
... 2. Competition: When a new exploitable resource becomes available, individuals within a given population may benefit from choosing to specialise on only one resource (i.e. either the new or the original resource). Speciation can arise when the offspring of parents that specialise on the same resourc ...
Characterization of topological keystone species Local, global and
... rest. In a similar way IC has been recognized as another closeness measure, which in essence measures the harmonic mean lengths of paths ending at a node i, which is smaller if i has many short paths connecting it to other nodes. In all these global indices the short- and long-range interactions rec ...
... rest. In a similar way IC has been recognized as another closeness measure, which in essence measures the harmonic mean lengths of paths ending at a node i, which is smaller if i has many short paths connecting it to other nodes. In all these global indices the short- and long-range interactions rec ...
modeling the impact of edge avoidance on avian nest
... reduced densities in, small habitat fragments. This pattern may result, at least in part, because birds avoid placing their nests near habitat edges where nest success often is low. We sought to clarify the role played by edge avoidance in producing these patch size effects. Using a numerical approa ...
... reduced densities in, small habitat fragments. This pattern may result, at least in part, because birds avoid placing their nests near habitat edges where nest success often is low. We sought to clarify the role played by edge avoidance in producing these patch size effects. Using a numerical approa ...
Supporting Materials
... to 80◦ S (note that this is the latitudinal extent of the global model), each with 78 species. Each species range size was chosen at random between a minimum of 0◦ and a maximum of 160◦ in extent. The midpoint of the range was placed randomly along the transect such that the range could not exceed t ...
... to 80◦ S (note that this is the latitudinal extent of the global model), each with 78 species. Each species range size was chosen at random between a minimum of 0◦ and a maximum of 160◦ in extent. The midpoint of the range was placed randomly along the transect such that the range could not exceed t ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Deutsch et al., 2008; Sunday et al., 2011; Diamond et al., 2012a), life history traits (Pearson et al., 2014), or physiological traits and evolutionary history (Diamond et al., 2012a, b). At the same time, other studies and reviews have pointed out that changing environmental conditions may have la ...
... (Deutsch et al., 2008; Sunday et al., 2011; Diamond et al., 2012a), life history traits (Pearson et al., 2014), or physiological traits and evolutionary history (Diamond et al., 2012a, b). At the same time, other studies and reviews have pointed out that changing environmental conditions may have la ...
Spongivory by juvenile angelfish - Instituto de Biociências da USP
... 1999, Sazima et al. 1999). The primary food of P. paru and P. arcuatus juveniles was reported to be filamentous algae, with copepods picked from client fishes and few free-living copepods making up to 25% of their diet (Deloach 1999). In Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, juveniles of the French angelfis ...
... 1999, Sazima et al. 1999). The primary food of P. paru and P. arcuatus juveniles was reported to be filamentous algae, with copepods picked from client fishes and few free-living copepods making up to 25% of their diet (Deloach 1999). In Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, juveniles of the French angelfis ...
Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for
... We calculated total species richness for each greenway segment as the total number of bird species recorded during each year, and guild species richness values were calculated as the number of species of a particular guild recorded during each year. Individual species abundances were calculated as t ...
... We calculated total species richness for each greenway segment as the total number of bird species recorded during each year, and guild species richness values were calculated as the number of species of a particular guild recorded during each year. Individual species abundances were calculated as t ...
Classification of Vegetation - Montana Natural Heritage Program
... For example, the ecological systems classifications used by ReGAP, Landfire, and NatureServe can be crosswalked to or nested within the Macrogroup (Level 5), Group (Level 6) and Alliance (Level 7) levels of the new NVC hierarchy. ...
... For example, the ecological systems classifications used by ReGAP, Landfire, and NatureServe can be crosswalked to or nested within the Macrogroup (Level 5), Group (Level 6) and Alliance (Level 7) levels of the new NVC hierarchy. ...
Community Ecology
... and swims away. The “carrier crab” in Figure 54.1 clearly benefits from having the sea urchin on its back. But how does the sea urchin fare in this relationship? Its association with the crab might harm it, help it, or have no effect on its survival and reproduction. Additional observations or experi ...
... and swims away. The “carrier crab” in Figure 54.1 clearly benefits from having the sea urchin on its back. But how does the sea urchin fare in this relationship? Its association with the crab might harm it, help it, or have no effect on its survival and reproduction. Additional observations or experi ...
DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... exotic species once established will decline with increasing diversity of resident species. I tested these predictions by examining patterns in the effect size of the invasion treatment among ponds. That is, I asked whether the probability of success of species introductions or biomass of exotic spe ...
... exotic species once established will decline with increasing diversity of resident species. I tested these predictions by examining patterns in the effect size of the invasion treatment among ponds. That is, I asked whether the probability of success of species introductions or biomass of exotic spe ...
Biodiversity and Species Extinctions in Model Food Webs Charlotte Borrvall
... species are packed into the same finite area and the population sizes are reduced). This finding implies that in the construction of nature reserves the advantages of redundancy for conservation of communities may be lost if the reserves are small in size. Following deletion of one species we also f ...
... species are packed into the same finite area and the population sizes are reduced). This finding implies that in the construction of nature reserves the advantages of redundancy for conservation of communities may be lost if the reserves are small in size. Following deletion of one species we also f ...
CMS CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES
... 2009). Across the breeding range, Sociable Lapwings are strongly associated with domestic livestock (especially cattle, sheep and goats), as large grazers create suitable habitat conditions. Grazing intensity and density of Sociable Lapwing nests are strongly correlated in Central Kazakhstan. Curren ...
... 2009). Across the breeding range, Sociable Lapwings are strongly associated with domestic livestock (especially cattle, sheep and goats), as large grazers create suitable habitat conditions. Grazing intensity and density of Sociable Lapwing nests are strongly correlated in Central Kazakhstan. Curren ...
SIZE RATIOS
... 5. Sexual dimorphism in body size is not important. When species are sexually dimorphic in body size, differences between the sexes have been either averaged (e.g., Schoener 1984) or ignored, by restricting the analysis to a single sex (e.g., Hines 1982). Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Averagin ...
... 5. Sexual dimorphism in body size is not important. When species are sexually dimorphic in body size, differences between the sexes have been either averaged (e.g., Schoener 1984) or ignored, by restricting the analysis to a single sex (e.g., Hines 1982). Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Averagin ...
A new formulation for determination of the competition coefficient in
... but is taken in order to solve the differential equation of the resources at a steady state.) 6. The consumers do not drive their resources to extinction. 7. No lag exists in the consumer’s population response to resource densities. 8. There is no interaction among the resources. These assumptions t ...
... but is taken in order to solve the differential equation of the resources at a steady state.) 6. The consumers do not drive their resources to extinction. 7. No lag exists in the consumer’s population response to resource densities. 8. There is no interaction among the resources. These assumptions t ...
Dynamics of Blowfly Populations
... ovipositional substrates are ephemeral, and the immatures hatched from eggs experience high levels of competition for limited resources (Atkinson and Shorrocks 1981; Rosa et al. 2004). The amount of food consumed by larvae will determine the size of adults, which is correlated with fecundity, that i ...
... ovipositional substrates are ephemeral, and the immatures hatched from eggs experience high levels of competition for limited resources (Atkinson and Shorrocks 1981; Rosa et al. 2004). The amount of food consumed by larvae will determine the size of adults, which is correlated with fecundity, that i ...
Parallel life history evolution in mouthbrooding cichlids from the
... The cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes represent an ideal model for the study of parallel evolution. An estimated 660–1,319 species of cichlid fishes have been recorded from Lakes Malawi, Tanganyika, and Victoria, most endemic to a single lake catchment (12). These species flocks are so ...
... The cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes represent an ideal model for the study of parallel evolution. An estimated 660–1,319 species of cichlid fishes have been recorded from Lakes Malawi, Tanganyika, and Victoria, most endemic to a single lake catchment (12). These species flocks are so ...
Impacts of environmental variability in open populations and
... Ecological communities are typically open to the immigration and emigration of individuals, and also variable through time. In this paper we argue that interesting and potentially important effects arise when one splices together spatial fluxes and temporal variability. The particular system we exami ...
... Ecological communities are typically open to the immigration and emigration of individuals, and also variable through time. In this paper we argue that interesting and potentially important effects arise when one splices together spatial fluxes and temporal variability. The particular system we exami ...
Chapter 50 Conservation Biology
... Overexploitation occurs when the number of individuals taken from a wild population is so great that the population becomes severely reduced in numbers. – Exotic Pets – Hunting / Poaching – Over-Harvesting Fisheries ...
... Overexploitation occurs when the number of individuals taken from a wild population is so great that the population becomes severely reduced in numbers. – Exotic Pets – Hunting / Poaching – Over-Harvesting Fisheries ...
Research: “Habitats as templates for the diversification of
... October 2004: Professor (rank 2), University of Rennes1, France, in Ecology and Population Biology. April 2003 - September 2004: Assistant Professor (senior docent, non-permanent), combined with a EU MarieCurie-Fellowship at the University of Nijmegen and ALTERRA Institute Wageningen (The Netherland ...
... October 2004: Professor (rank 2), University of Rennes1, France, in Ecology and Population Biology. April 2003 - September 2004: Assistant Professor (senior docent, non-permanent), combined with a EU MarieCurie-Fellowship at the University of Nijmegen and ALTERRA Institute Wageningen (The Netherland ...