Nutrition 101
... good idea to increase your sensitivity to this storage hormone so you don’t have to ingest gobs of the stuff to see results. Exercise and what you eat post-workout are the best ways to do this. After a workout, have a whey protein shake and some fast carbs, such as honey mixed with the shake. This w ...
... good idea to increase your sensitivity to this storage hormone so you don’t have to ingest gobs of the stuff to see results. Exercise and what you eat post-workout are the best ways to do this. After a workout, have a whey protein shake and some fast carbs, such as honey mixed with the shake. This w ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... often another AAV, which is also injected at the soma level. Sometimes, however, projection-specific manipulations have been achieved by injection of HSV or canine adeno virus (CAV2), both of which travel in retrograde after transduction, at terminal regions of interest. Cre-dependent DREADD can the ...
... often another AAV, which is also injected at the soma level. Sometimes, however, projection-specific manipulations have been achieved by injection of HSV or canine adeno virus (CAV2), both of which travel in retrograde after transduction, at terminal regions of interest. Cre-dependent DREADD can the ...
Compared to other cortical areas, muscle contraction is most easily
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
12 - William M. Clark, M.D
... axons exit the cord via ventral roots • Lateral horns (only in thoracic and lumbar regions) –sympathetic neurons • Dorsal root (spinal) gangia—contain cell bodies of sensory neurons ...
... axons exit the cord via ventral roots • Lateral horns (only in thoracic and lumbar regions) –sympathetic neurons • Dorsal root (spinal) gangia—contain cell bodies of sensory neurons ...
PDF
... reveals uncertainty concerning the fate of all the acidophilic neurons after ischemia/hypoxia. The morphological description of the “eosinophilic ghost cell” is very limited in several papers,7–10 a vague term used for morphological description at the light microscopic (LMS) level of necrotic neuron ...
... reveals uncertainty concerning the fate of all the acidophilic neurons after ischemia/hypoxia. The morphological description of the “eosinophilic ghost cell” is very limited in several papers,7–10 a vague term used for morphological description at the light microscopic (LMS) level of necrotic neuron ...
Sliding
... pre then post->LTP: easy, the AP “boosts” the activation of the NMDAR by reducing the Mg block post then pre-> LTD: several hypothesis 1) Ca entry during the AP. Ca is not fully removed by the time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensit ...
... pre then post->LTP: easy, the AP “boosts” the activation of the NMDAR by reducing the Mg block post then pre-> LTD: several hypothesis 1) Ca entry during the AP. Ca is not fully removed by the time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensit ...
category 1
... EEG records electrical activity along the scalp to map brain communication. PET imaging test w/ a radioactive substance to look for disease or injury in the brain. fMRI (functional MRI) detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity. ...
... EEG records electrical activity along the scalp to map brain communication. PET imaging test w/ a radioactive substance to look for disease or injury in the brain. fMRI (functional MRI) detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity. ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... neurons of the deep tissue layer spread over a greater number of spinal segments and outnumber those of the superficial tissue layer. Although the sensory neurons associated with both deep and superficial tissue layers distribute similarly across the same spinal segments, the number of sensory neuro ...
... neurons of the deep tissue layer spread over a greater number of spinal segments and outnumber those of the superficial tissue layer. Although the sensory neurons associated with both deep and superficial tissue layers distribute similarly across the same spinal segments, the number of sensory neuro ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... Unclear as to what its function is in the basal ganglia, but descending projections to the dorsal horn in the spinal cord is though to regulate pain. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the brain are used as treatment for mood disorders, including anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. NA 347, 462. ...
... Unclear as to what its function is in the basal ganglia, but descending projections to the dorsal horn in the spinal cord is though to regulate pain. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the brain are used as treatment for mood disorders, including anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. NA 347, 462. ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... used to investigate the behavioral effects of sensory modulation in mammals (see Wiesenfeld-Hallin 1995). However, in these preparations, it is difficult to obtain detailed mechanistic explanations at the cellular and synaptic levels. Conversely, although detailed cellular information was obtained w ...
... used to investigate the behavioral effects of sensory modulation in mammals (see Wiesenfeld-Hallin 1995). However, in these preparations, it is difficult to obtain detailed mechanistic explanations at the cellular and synaptic levels. Conversely, although detailed cellular information was obtained w ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... Endre Grastyán divided the history of motivation for three periods: the psychological, the neuropsychological and the incentive period (Grastyan, 1976). In the psychological period, which lasted from the 1910s until the early 1950s, motivation was considered an intermediate variable, which can be ma ...
... Endre Grastyán divided the history of motivation for three periods: the psychological, the neuropsychological and the incentive period (Grastyan, 1976). In the psychological period, which lasted from the 1910s until the early 1950s, motivation was considered an intermediate variable, which can be ma ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... Using the anatomical data from the Scheibels, W.L. Kilmer, W.S. McCulloch, and J. Blum presented several papers on their Difference Enhancement Models of the reticular formation (S-RETIC and STC-RETIC) which culminated in their 1969 paper coinciding with the end of the first phase of First (and only ...
... Using the anatomical data from the Scheibels, W.L. Kilmer, W.S. McCulloch, and J. Blum presented several papers on their Difference Enhancement Models of the reticular formation (S-RETIC and STC-RETIC) which culminated in their 1969 paper coinciding with the end of the first phase of First (and only ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
Urea cycle
... Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes • Infant born with total deficiency of one or more enzymes survive at least several days. • Many enzymes deficiencies are partial → enzymes have altered Km values. • Case are known of deficiencies of each enzymes. • Interruption of the cycle at each point affected ...
... Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes • Infant born with total deficiency of one or more enzymes survive at least several days. • Many enzymes deficiencies are partial → enzymes have altered Km values. • Case are known of deficiencies of each enzymes. • Interruption of the cycle at each point affected ...
Fibroblast growth factor modulates HIV coreceptor - SGF-5000
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
... As there was no access to fetal material to establish primary human neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, differentiated into postmitotic cells with retinoic acid. This cell line has been shown previously to express CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 1994). Consistent with these results, ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... stimulating the pituitary gland to induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain d ...
... stimulating the pituitary gland to induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain d ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... initial 2 d infusion was similar to that of fully deprived WT mice (Fig. 2 A) ( p ⬎ 0.6 vs WT ⫹ MD; t test), as well as that of KO mice with 5 d infusions (Fig. 2 A) ( p ⬎ 0.3 vs full 5d DZ; t test). Thus, brief enhancement of GABAergic transmission at the onset of MD is sufficient for full OD shift ...
... initial 2 d infusion was similar to that of fully deprived WT mice (Fig. 2 A) ( p ⬎ 0.6 vs WT ⫹ MD; t test), as well as that of KO mice with 5 d infusions (Fig. 2 A) ( p ⬎ 0.3 vs full 5d DZ; t test). Thus, brief enhancement of GABAergic transmission at the onset of MD is sufficient for full OD shift ...
The Premotor Cortex and Mirror Neurons
... mirror neurons and their role in action and intention understanding and of the neural bases of communication/language evolution. ...
... mirror neurons and their role in action and intention understanding and of the neural bases of communication/language evolution. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... antennal sensitisation trial in a transient increase of odor evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. ...
... antennal sensitisation trial in a transient increase of odor evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... systems22 and for interactions of these neurotransmitters with GABAergic interneurons. The latter may be of particular relevance for synchronous oscillations because GABAergic interneurons and their interactions with excitatory neurotransmission have been shown to be critical for the generation of h ...
... systems22 and for interactions of these neurotransmitters with GABAergic interneurons. The latter may be of particular relevance for synchronous oscillations because GABAergic interneurons and their interactions with excitatory neurotransmission have been shown to be critical for the generation of h ...
Orphan nuclear receptors: therapeutic opportunities in skeletal muscle
... Muscle tissue expresses and releases several cytokines into the circulation, for example, IL-6, -8 and -15. The autocrine actions of these factors are well documented; however, there is accumulating evidence that these cytokines exert their effect in other parts of the body. IL-15 is abundantly expr ...
... Muscle tissue expresses and releases several cytokines into the circulation, for example, IL-6, -8 and -15. The autocrine actions of these factors are well documented; however, there is accumulating evidence that these cytokines exert their effect in other parts of the body. IL-15 is abundantly expr ...
Update on CRPS (formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
... the potential morbidity (and even mortality) associated with inappropriate therapies, such as adverse reactions to medications and unnecessary invasive treatments. As a result, patients can be guided toward more appropriate, less invasive interventions. ...
... the potential morbidity (and even mortality) associated with inappropriate therapies, such as adverse reactions to medications and unnecessary invasive treatments. As a result, patients can be guided toward more appropriate, less invasive interventions. ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.