Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... dominated by error neurons (Friston, 2009; Wacongne et al., 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of ...
... dominated by error neurons (Friston, 2009; Wacongne et al., 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... initially generated a saccade toward the target, but redirected their eyes to the location opposite to the target within 400 ms (“turn-around saccade”). Since we detected error trials by analyzing eye position before and 400 ms after the fixation point offset during experiments, monkeys were rewarded ...
... initially generated a saccade toward the target, but redirected their eyes to the location opposite to the target within 400 ms (“turn-around saccade”). Since we detected error trials by analyzing eye position before and 400 ms after the fixation point offset during experiments, monkeys were rewarded ...
Pain
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain pathways. Excitation of the somatic afferent fibers is the more usual source of afferent discharge, so we “refer” the location of visceral receptor activation to the soma ...
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain pathways. Excitation of the somatic afferent fibers is the more usual source of afferent discharge, so we “refer” the location of visceral receptor activation to the soma ...
04 Chemical Senses
... Releasers - trigger a specific behavioral response Primers - trigger a hormone response which increases the likelihood of certain types of behaviors ...
... Releasers - trigger a specific behavioral response Primers - trigger a hormone response which increases the likelihood of certain types of behaviors ...
SALT BRIDGE D526- FUNCTIONS AS A HINGE THAT CONTROLS
... the β-sandwich and helix A, and through its Cterminal region, in the second folding unit formed by the remaining helical segments of the lid subdomain (6). To analyze the effect of these ionic contacts in the structural and functional properties of DnaK, each corresponding residue in helix B was sub ...
... the β-sandwich and helix A, and through its Cterminal region, in the second folding unit formed by the remaining helical segments of the lid subdomain (6). To analyze the effect of these ionic contacts in the structural and functional properties of DnaK, each corresponding residue in helix B was sub ...
3-Alcohol-Pharma 2015 revised
... Mechanism of action of alcohol is a CNS depressants Acute alcohol causes: Enhancement the effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) on its GABA receptors in brain leading to CNS depression Inhibition of glutamate action (excitatory neurotransmitter) on NMDA receptors leading to disruptio ...
... Mechanism of action of alcohol is a CNS depressants Acute alcohol causes: Enhancement the effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) on its GABA receptors in brain leading to CNS depression Inhibition of glutamate action (excitatory neurotransmitter) on NMDA receptors leading to disruptio ...
Supporting information. Rat urinary glycoprotein identified from
... GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells Binds pheromones that are released from drying urine of males. These pheromones affect the sexual behavior of females Appears ...
... GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells Binds pheromones that are released from drying urine of males. These pheromones affect the sexual behavior of females Appears ...
Drugs The Straight Facts, Morphine
... blessing that has benefited society and a plague that has affected many an unsuspecting user. OPIATES AND THE BODY ...
... blessing that has benefited society and a plague that has affected many an unsuspecting user. OPIATES AND THE BODY ...
Protein Annotation & Advanced Insilico Based Mutation Hotspot Oryza sativa *
... The current work aims to analyze the complete protein sequence and functional parameters of CDPK which is a major protein involved in the stress mechanism and cold tolerance. The study aimed to identify the Disorder regions and the recognition of the mutational hotspot sites on the protein sequence. ...
... The current work aims to analyze the complete protein sequence and functional parameters of CDPK which is a major protein involved in the stress mechanism and cold tolerance. The study aimed to identify the Disorder regions and the recognition of the mutational hotspot sites on the protein sequence. ...
resource - Fujisawa lab
... Cre mouse lines, generated in individual labs and through large-scale efforts8–10, have been established to direct specific gene expression or deletion in a wide range of cell types or populations throughout the nervous system. A challenge in developing optogenetic tools is the need to express high ...
... Cre mouse lines, generated in individual labs and through large-scale efforts8–10, have been established to direct specific gene expression or deletion in a wide range of cell types or populations throughout the nervous system. A challenge in developing optogenetic tools is the need to express high ...
Neural plasticity and recovery of function
... • Believe that violent status depending on normal neurons (not injured) > lesion area ...
... • Believe that violent status depending on normal neurons (not injured) > lesion area ...
Movement
... One or more of following usually combined with L-Dopa – drugs: antioxidants, dopamine receptor stimulants, glutamate blockers, drugs that decrease apoptosis, – electrical stimulation of globus pallidus, or surgery – neurotrophins to promote growth of remaining neurons – cell transplants • most succe ...
... One or more of following usually combined with L-Dopa – drugs: antioxidants, dopamine receptor stimulants, glutamate blockers, drugs that decrease apoptosis, – electrical stimulation of globus pallidus, or surgery – neurotrophins to promote growth of remaining neurons – cell transplants • most succe ...
Lecture notes for October 9, 2015 FINAL
... o If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) o If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers information from the ves ...
... o If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) o If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers information from the ves ...
sorghum protein - Simply Sorghum
... Whole grain sorghum contains a number of biologically active nutrients including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, condensed tannins and anthocyanins. These phytochemicals possess antioxidant activity, which is important for the body’s cells to combat oxidative stress. Current research suggests decrea ...
... Whole grain sorghum contains a number of biologically active nutrients including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, condensed tannins and anthocyanins. These phytochemicals possess antioxidant activity, which is important for the body’s cells to combat oxidative stress. Current research suggests decrea ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... pools of excitatory neurons were continuously active (Fig. 3A) because inhibition was too weak to allow one of the pools to suppress the other one. Although both pools of excitatory neurons were active, neither was as active as it would have been in the sole presence of its preferred stimulus, and t ...
... pools of excitatory neurons were continuously active (Fig. 3A) because inhibition was too weak to allow one of the pools to suppress the other one. Although both pools of excitatory neurons were active, neither was as active as it would have been in the sole presence of its preferred stimulus, and t ...
Biological Foundations of Behavior
... – Influence wakefulness, arousal, attention, – Muscle control and cardiac responsiveness ...
... – Influence wakefulness, arousal, attention, – Muscle control and cardiac responsiveness ...
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
... – Influence wakefulness, arousal, attention, – Muscle control and cardiac responsiveness ...
... – Influence wakefulness, arousal, attention, – Muscle control and cardiac responsiveness ...
In transverse section, the spinal cord features: -
... The spinal cord and spinal roots are enveloped by meninges and housed within the vertebral canal. The epidural space, situated between the wall of the vertebral canal and the spinal dura mater, contains a variable amount of fat. Within dura mater, the spinal cord is suspended by bilateral denticula ...
... The spinal cord and spinal roots are enveloped by meninges and housed within the vertebral canal. The epidural space, situated between the wall of the vertebral canal and the spinal dura mater, contains a variable amount of fat. Within dura mater, the spinal cord is suspended by bilateral denticula ...
Ch. 3–Biological Basis of Behavior PPT
... Resting potential: a neuron at rest Action potential: a neural impulse caused by K and Na ions (a neuron is a salty banana: Na on the outside, K on the inside) -initiates at or near the hillock ...
... Resting potential: a neuron at rest Action potential: a neural impulse caused by K and Na ions (a neuron is a salty banana: Na on the outside, K on the inside) -initiates at or near the hillock ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerves with cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion (PG). Electrophysiological studies of the chorda tympani, greater superficial petrosal, and glossopharyngeal nerves have revealed that these nerves have heterogeneous response properties (Frank 1991; Frank et al. 1 ...
... are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerves with cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion (PG). Electrophysiological studies of the chorda tympani, greater superficial petrosal, and glossopharyngeal nerves have revealed that these nerves have heterogeneous response properties (Frank 1991; Frank et al. 1 ...
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Therapeutic Targets
... protein for five different sodium channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9) are present at moderate-to-high levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nav1.2 and Nav1.3 are not detectable in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons. Scale bar, 50 mm. Voltage-gated sodium currents recorded by whol ...
... protein for five different sodium channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9) are present at moderate-to-high levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nav1.2 and Nav1.3 are not detectable in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons. Scale bar, 50 mm. Voltage-gated sodium currents recorded by whol ...
Amino acid composition of brain cysts: levels of excitatory
... Cystic lesions of the brain are characterized by a disruption of brain parenchyma, which is replaced by fluid. They may occur in benign conditions, when associated with a clear fluid or with malignant diseases, when they are usually filled with yellow proteinaceous fluid. Based on pathogenesis, Go e ...
... Cystic lesions of the brain are characterized by a disruption of brain parenchyma, which is replaced by fluid. They may occur in benign conditions, when associated with a clear fluid or with malignant diseases, when they are usually filled with yellow proteinaceous fluid. Based on pathogenesis, Go e ...
Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental
... activates α4β2* nAChRs on the DA neurons for only a short time before those nAChRs desensitize, that brief enhanced depolarization of the postsynaptic DA neurons is sufficient to produce LTP when paired with the boosted glutamate release caused by presynaptic α7* nAChRs. While those nicotine-induced ...
... activates α4β2* nAChRs on the DA neurons for only a short time before those nAChRs desensitize, that brief enhanced depolarization of the postsynaptic DA neurons is sufficient to produce LTP when paired with the boosted glutamate release caused by presynaptic α7* nAChRs. While those nicotine-induced ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.